Clinical Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"FMT for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.","authors":"Alexander Khoruts,Christopher Staley","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci-Active Perioperative Prophylaxis for Liver Transplant Patients Requires Attention to the Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Morgan Birabaharan","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Clostridioides Difficile Infections: Rethinking the Approach by Patient Profile in Light of New Evidence.","authors":"Benjamin Davido,Masha Kharkhordine,Pierre Moine","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Than Meets the Eye: Interpreting Results of a Negative Trial.","authors":"Dina Kao,Elizabeth M Terveer,Karen Wong,Ed J Kuijper","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in critically ill patients: a retrospective multicenter analysis","authors":"Margot Combet, Agnès Gautheret-Dejean, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Nicolas Weiss, Julien Mayaux, Marie Lecronier, Charlotte Calligaris, Sophie Demeret, Nicolas Gauthier, Martin Dres, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Valérie Pourcher, Juliette Chommeloux, Alexandre Demoule, Maxens Decavèle","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf199","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNAemia is not rare in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, evidence for a causal association of HHV-6 DNAemia with organ disease and with mortality is limited in this setting. In ICU patients with HHV-6 DNAemia, we sought to 1) assess the prevalence of HHV-6 disease, 2) identify risk factors for HHV-6 disease and 3) investigate its association with mortality. Methods Retrospective multicenter case-matched study in three ICUs from January 2011 to January 2022 of patients with HHV-6 viral load in the whole blood (genome equivalent copies/106 cells) detected during the ICU stay. Results One hundred and sixty-eight patients were included. Seventeen (10%) were classified as HHV-6 disease (i.e., HHV-6 DNAemia with attributable end-organ disease) and 151 (90%) as HHV-6 reactivation (i.e., HHV-6 DNAemia without any attributable end-organ disease). Immunodepression was significantly more frequent in HHV-6 disease patients (100% vs. 48%, p < 0.001). Eleven (65%) HHV-6 disease patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). End-organ diseases were encephalitis (n = 10) and pneumonia (n = 7). The ICU mortality was 32% (n = 53). In multivariate analysis, HHV-6 disease remained independently associated with ICU (OR 4.90) and 90-day (HR 2.25) mortality. Mortality remained significantly higher in the HHV-6 disease group (OR 4.30) when compared to matched ICU patients without HHV-6 DNAemia. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that HHV-6 disease develops in 10% of patients with HHV-6 detection in the ICU, mostly in the setting of allogeneic HSCT and is independently associated with ICU and 90-day mortality.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term mortality trends among individuals with tuberculosis: a retrospective cohort study of individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in Brazil","authors":"Sun Kim, Daniele M Pelissari, Luiza O Harada, Mauro Sanchez, Patricia Bartholomay Oliveira, Fernanda D C Johansen, Ethel L N Maciel, Ted Cohen, Marcia C Castro, Nicolas A Menzies","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206","url":null,"abstract":"Background Even after successful treatment, individuals surviving tuberculosis (TB) disease experience elevated mortality rates. However, there is limited evidence on how these risks vary over time and by individual characteristics. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals diagnosed with TB in Brazil, using national TB notifications and linked mortality records for 2007-2016. We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and cumulative mortality by year since TB diagnosis, compared to general population mortality matched on age, sex, year, and state. We identified clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with elevated post-TB mortality, and compared the distribution of causes of death to the general population. Results The study sample included 834,594 individuals, with 4.1 million person-years of follow-up (average: 4.9 years). The TB cohort had elevated mortality compared to the general population, particularly in the first year post-diagnosis (MRR 11.28, 95%CI: 11.18–11.37). Post-TB MRRs declined from 3.59 (3.53–3.64) in year 2 to 1.46 (1.34–1.59) in year 10. Cumulative excess mortality was 6.12% (6.07–6.17) after 1 year and 9.90% (9.58–10.24) after 10 years. MRRs were highest for individuals 30-44 years-old at diagnosis. Relapse, loss to follow-up, and co-prevalent conditions like HIV and alcohol use disorder were strongly associated with higher MRRs. Over time, major causes of death in the TB cohort shifted from TB and HIV to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and non-TB respiratory diseases. Conclusions Individuals developing TB disease face elevated mortality up to 10 years after diagnosis. These excess risks vary across demographic and clinical characteristics.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifying targeted antibiotic treatment options for spinal implant infections.","authors":"Konstantin Tanida,Flaminia Olearo","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Implant Infections: Revisiting Antibiotic Choices and Dosing Strategies.","authors":"Don Bambino Geno Tai,Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of statin initiation among people with and without HIV in the US: a prospective observational study","authors":"Tiffany L Breger, Daniel J Westreich, Andrew Edmonds, Jessie K Edwards, Stephen R Cole, Catalina Ramirez, Alicia E Diggs, Igho Ofotokun, Seble G Kassaye, Todd T Brown, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Frank J Palella, Sarah Krier, Deborah L Jones, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Mardge H Cohen, Phyllis C Tien, Tonya N Taylor, Kathryn Anastos, Alan L Hinderliter, Joseph J Eron, M Bradley Drummond, Michelle A Floris-Moore","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf207","url":null,"abstract":"Background To reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among US people living with HIV (PLWH), it is critical to assess shortfalls in statin initiation. We aimed to describe patterns in clinically-indicated statin initiation among demographically similar people with, or at increased vulnerability to, HIV. Methods Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study, we followed 842 men and 852 women with an indication for statin use based on 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for statin initiation between January 2014–March 2020. We estimated two-year incidence of statin initiation stratified by demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics and compared estimates using incidence differences. Results Within two years of clinical indication for statin therapy, 20% of participants reported statin use. Initiation of statin therapy did not differ significantly by HIV status. However, initiation was lower among Black versus non-Black persons, especially among men (14.0% versus 22.3%; Difference: -8.3%; 95% CI: -13.8%, -2.8%). Compared to initiation among persons indicated based only on ≥7.5% 10-year predicted ASCVD risk (Incidence, men: 14.2%; women: 15.2%), initiation was higher among those with existing ASCVD (Incidence, men: 32.9%; women: 22.0%) or diabetes (Incidence, men: 26.4%; women: 24.5%). Initiation was lower among current versus non-current smokers and higher among those with comorbidities such as obesity. Conclusions Guideline-driven statin initiation was low, with large inequities by race. With indications for statin use expanding for PLWH, redressing barriers to guideline implementation will be crucial to achieve improved outcomes through uptake of these evidence-based therapies.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngeal microbiota in South African infants with lower respiratory tract infection: a nested case-control study of the Drakenstein Child Health Study","authors":"Shantelle Claassen-Weitz, Yao Xia, Luke Hannan, Sugnet Gardner-Lubbe, Kilaza S Mwaikono, Stephanie Harris Mounaud, William C Nierman, Lesley Workman, Felix S Dube, Samantha Africa, Fadheela Patel, Veronica Allen, Lemese Ah Tow Edries, Heather J Zar, Mark P Nicol","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf184","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants are commonly caused by viral and bacterial infections, alone or in combination. We investigated associations between LRTI and infant nasopharyngeal (NP) viruses and bacteria in South African infants. Methods In a case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort, LRTI cases were identified prospectively and age-matched with controls. NP swabs were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We calculated adjusted Conditional Odds Ratios (aORs) and used mixed effects models to identify differentially abundant taxa and explore viral-bacterial interactions. Results Samples from a total of 444 LRTI episodes and 444 matched control timepoints were tested. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) [aOR: 5.69, 95%CI 3.03-10.69], human rhinovirus (HRV) [1.47, 1.03-2.09], parainfluenza virus [3.46, 1.64-7.26], adenovirus [1.99, 1.08-3.68], enterovirus [2.32, 1.20-4.46], Haemophilus influenzae [1.72, 1.25-2.37], Klebsiella pneumoniae [2.66, 1.59-4.46], and high-density Streptococcus pneumoniae [1.53, 1.01-2.32] were associated with LRTI. LRTI was associated with decreased relative abundance of Dolosigranulum (q=0.001), Corynebacterium (q=0.091) and Neisseria (q=0.004). In samples positive for RSV, Staphylococcus and Alloprevotella relative abundance was higher in controls compared to cases. In samples positive for parainfluenza virus or HRV, Haemophilus relative abundance was higher in cases. Detection of CMV in controls was associated with reduced Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum and Staphylococcus. Conclusions The associations between bacterial taxa and viruses and LRTI are similar to those from high-income countries. Haemophilus is a major bacterial driver of LRTI, acting synergistically with viruses. Dolosigranulum and Corynebacteria may reduce LRTI risk, while Staphylococcus may reduce the risk of RSV-related LRTI. CMV infection is associated with a dysbiotic nasopharyngeal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}