Color Research and Application最新文献

{"title":"Research on Visual Aesthetic Emotion of Different Color Schemes Based on Event-Related Potential Technology: A Case Study of Miao Embroidery","authors":"Yunjia Zhu,&nbsp;Changliang Xu,&nbsp;Jie Yuan,&nbsp;Lin Lou","doi":"10.1002/col.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visual stimuli of different color schemes often evoked different aesthetic emotions. To explore the neural perception mechanism underlying the generation of different aesthetic emotions in humans under different color vision stimuli, ERP technology was employed in conjunction with subjective behavioral experiments to record the electroencephalogram signals and aesthetic preferences of 15 healthy subjects while they passively viewed visual stimuli of five classic color schemes (red, yellow, teal, black, and white) of Miao embroidery patterns. Miao embroidery was an intangible cultural heritage of China, known for its distinctive color combinations and rich ethnic aesthetic emotions. The behavioral scoring showed that white and yellow Miao embroidery color schemes obtained the highest visual aesthetic evaluation, followed by the red scheme, whereas black and teal color schemes showed the lowest aesthetic preference. ERP data indicated significant main effects of color on the N1 component in the frontal and central regions, as well as the central P3 component. High-aesthetic color schemes (white and yellow) elicited larger N1 amplitudes than low-aesthetic color schemes (teal and black), reflecting stronger early visual attention allocation to perceptual features such as color. Meanwhile, the white scheme induced significantly higher central P3 amplitude than the black scheme, which was closely associated with positive emotional arousal, visual novelty perception and color contrast processing. Correlation analysis demonstrated that N1 amplitudes at left central electrodes were positively correlated with subjective aesthetic evaluation, revealing obvious hemispheric asymmetry in visual aesthetic processing. The frontal brain region participated in aesthetic judgment and emotional regulation, while the central cortex was involved in aesthetic decision-making and cognitive-motor integration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Simultaneous Contrast of Colors to the Understanding of Atmosphere in Architecture","authors":"Eivind Kasa","doi":"10.1002/col.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concept of atmosphere has been a discussed topic in architecture in recent years. However, it seems difficult to define unambiguously. Even more challenging is describing a rational method to produce atmosphere. Compared to the study of other aesthetic dimensions in architecture, the study of colors has resulted in concrete, practical knowledge about colors and their interactions. This article puts forward the question of whether the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul's seminal scientific study of the simultaneous contrast of colors describes phenomena that help explain why it is difficult to define the atmosphere of colors and the atmosphere in general, as well as why it is difficult to describe a rational method of producing atmosphere. A positive conclusion has been reached in both regards. These findings demonstrate how the competence of architects differs from that of the natural sciences, technology, and industry, yet it can still be described as a specific competence rather than as subjective willfulness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Empirical Formulae for CIE Daylight Illuminants","authors":"Cheng Gao,&nbsp;Chenxi Yang,&nbsp;Kaida Xiao,&nbsp;Michael Pointer,&nbsp;Changjun Li","doi":"10.1002/col.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Daylight illuminants are widely used in the lighting industry as reference illuminants for evaluating test light sources using the color rendering index (<i>R</i>_a) or the color fidelity index (<i>R</i>_f). In both metrics, the test source is compared with a reference illuminant that has the same correlated color temperature (CCT). The spectral power distribution (SPD) of the CIE daylight illuminants (the D-Series) is constructed from three basis functions, <i>S</i>₀, <i>S</i>₁, and <i>S</i>₂, derived by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) from empirical measurements of natural daylight. The combination coefficients for these basis functions depend on the specified CCT. It has been observed, however, that the CCT of the resulting daylight SPD often differs from the intended CCT, with the discrepancy increasing as the specified CCT becomes higher. This paper introduces a new method for computing the combination coefficients used to generate daylight SPDs. With the proposed coefficients, the generated SPD attains the exact CCT specified. This improved method has practical applications in assessing light-source quality using both the color rendering index (<i>R</i>_a) and the color fidelity index (<i>R</i>_f).</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Short-Term Ambient Music Modify Perceptual and Cognitive Effects of Lighting Hue? A Brightness-Controlled Study","authors":"Jumanah Alawadhi,&nbsp;Dorukalp Durmus","doi":"10.1002/col.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental factors, such as lighting color and music, can shape cognition, visual perception, and emotional evaluation of interior environments. It is suggested that music can be a supportive or disruptive influence for cognitive processes. Although previous studies have explored psychological responses to colored illumination and multisensory conditions, comparisons across hues are often confounded by differences in chromatic brightness, limiting attribution of effects to chromaticity itself. Here, it is hypothesized that a classical piece without lyrics can improve cognitive performance and subjective evaluations, and that lighting hue will have cross-modal influences. To this end, a laboratory study was conducted to examine short-term perceptual, emotional, and cognitive responses to lighting hue under matched chromatic brightness and tested whether concurrent ambient music modifies these responses. Using a within-subjects design, 29 participants completed two counterbalanced sessions with and without music (d major, 74 bpm) under white, blue, red, or green lighting. After a brief adaptation period, participants rated the visual appearance (clarity, brightness, complexity, pleasantness, and interest) of an office and their emotional state (happiness, alertness, arousal, focus, and comfort) using nine-point scales, followed by a 1-min Raven progressive matrices task. Linear mixed-effects analyses indicated robust effects of lighting hue. Specifically, white lighting yielded the highest ratings for visual clarity, brightness, happiness, and focus; red was rated most visually complex; and white and blue were rated most comfortable and pleasant. Crucially, no significant interactions between hue and music were observed, and cognitive performance did not differ across lighting or music conditions within the brief task window. These results suggest that, under controlled chromatic brightness, hue plays a primary role in shaping immediate perceptual and affective evaluations, whereas the tested music condition exerts minimal influence. The findings are limited to short-term laboratory exposure and a single auditory stimulus. Therefore, future research should investigate longer adaptation, broader auditory conditions, additional spectral variables, and more ecologically valid tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Turkish Color Names Through Crowdsourcing","authors":"Begüm Ulusoy,&nbsp;Lewis D. Griffin,&nbsp;Dimitris Mylonas","doi":"10.1002/col.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored common Turkish color names and their denotative meanings to facilitate color communication within and across languages. An internet-based psycholinguistic experiment was conducted (available at: colornaming.net) using an unconstrained color-naming method with the following objectives: (a) to collect Turkish color names in wide cultural use and determine their corresponding color ranges; (b) to estimate color coordinates of centroids of 11 Turkish basic color terms (BCTs), as well as of an emerging BCT <i>lacivert</i> ‘navy blue’, and compare them to the 11 English BCTs estimated earlier using the same web-based psycholinguistic experiment; and (c) to establish an “indispensable” set of Turkish color terms required for complete coverage of the color gamut. Native speakers of Turkish, recruited as volunteers from crowdsourcing (<i>N</i> = 637), named freely a sequence of randomly selected colors from 606 samples approximately uniformly distributed in CIELAB color space. Results showed a large color lexicon of unique 268 color descriptors, each offered by more than one observer. The centroids of the 11 Turkish BCTs showed high correspondence with their English counterparts (mean ΔE₀₀ &lt; 3) except for <i>mavi</i> ‘blue’, which differed more substantially from <i>blue</i> (ΔE₀₀ = 8.5), while the difference between <i>lacivert</i> and <i>blue</i> was even greater (ΔE₀₀ = 21.2). Frequency, naming consensus, and denotative certainty of <i>lacivert</i> support its classification as a 12th BCT in Turkish. An analysis for identifying the minimal set of color terms (CTs) that can name all colors across the full color gamut revealed, in total, 30 Turkish indispensable lexical color categories that enable efficient inter-language communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camera Spectral Response Function Estimation and Color Calibration Based on Raw Response Prediction","authors":"Yifan Li,&nbsp;Xin Hu,&nbsp;Hang Luo,&nbsp;Xinrong Hu,&nbsp;Kaida Xiao,&nbsp;Jinxing Liang","doi":"10.1002/col.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spectral response function (SRF) is a critical parameter in digital camera imaging, with extensive applications in computational imaging and color science. This paper proposes a method for estimating the SRF based on camera raw response prediction. At first, the initial SRF is estimated via principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the least-square algorithm. Then, the theoretical imaging model is employed to predict the raw response values of a color chart, and the color difference between the predicted and camera-captured raw responses is calculated. And using the color difference and <i>μ-factor</i> (color quality factor) as the objective function, the initial SRF is further optimized through interior-point algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the improvement of the proposed method in predicting camera raw responses and illustrate its advantages in color calibration under different testing conditions. The proposed method offers an alternative solution for camera SRF estimation and optimization toward raw response prediction and color calibration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Dynamics of Color and Brightness Adaptation in Reported Non–Ocular Visual Experiences: A Case Study","authors":"Ján Morovič,&nbsp;Peter Morovič","doi":"10.1002/col.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vision science has established precedent for examining unusual visual experiences, including hypnosis-induced color perception, synesthetic phenomena, and meditative states. Such cases can provide insights into post-retinal visual processing mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a phenomenological analysis of visual experiences reported in the writings of Chiara Lubich (1920–2008) during mystical experiences in 1949. A taxonomy of visual events was developed to categorize 198 paragraphs of her account, distinguishing between experiences attributed to “physical eyes” versus “eyes of the soul,” metaphorical imagery, and future expectations. Temporal patterns of visual adaptation were reconstructed from her descriptions and compared with known mechanisms of biological vision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The account covers 9 days (16–24 July 1949) and reveals an adaptation process extending over approximately 8 days, characterized by: (1) initial perception of overwhelming brightness without accompanying discomfort; (2) gradual emergence of spatial detail and scale discrimination while maintaining predominantly monochromatic (gold/flame) perception; (3) sudden onset of full polychromatic vision on day 9; and (4) reported co-existence of sequential perceptual states. This progression differs markedly from biological light adaptation in both timescale (days vs. minutes) and sequence (decoupled brightness and color adaptation).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reported experiences suggest visual adaptation proceeding through more discrete stages than observed in typical oculocerebral vision, with characteristics partially resembling infant visual development. These observations generate testable hypotheses about post-retinal adaptation mechanisms and the potential effects of direct stimulation of later stages in the visual pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Pseudo-Isochromatic Plates Based Testing Through Adaptive Spatial and Chromatic Modulation","authors":"Peter Nussbaum,&nbsp;Marius Pedersen,&nbsp;Phil Green,&nbsp;Anders Lunde Hagen","doi":"10.1002/col.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pseudo-isochromatic plates (PIPs) are widely used for screening color vision deficiency (CVD), yet their fixed design limits both diagnostic sensitivity and adaptability to individual perceptual thresholds. This work presents an interactive, digitally rendered PIP system in which seven spatial and chromatic parameters can be systematically varied to modulate task difficulty. Stimuli were generated along three evenly spaced confusion lines for protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia, derived from updated copunctal points following Smith–Pokorny fundamentals. Eighty observers completed an adaptive test procedure, and performance was analyzed using chi-square tests, generalized linear modeling, and response-time measures. Four parameters—Noise, Color Noise, Dot Size, and Relative Luminance Level—demonstrated significant influence on correct identification rates, whereas Border, Background, and Dot Shape produced negligible effects within the tested ranges. A subgroup of eight observers exhibited performance patterns consistent with CVD, showing reduced accuracy and increased response times, particularly across specific confusion-line positions. Motif-related errors showed substantial shape-driven confusions, independent of chromaticity. The results demonstrate that dynamic modulation of PIP parameters provides a controlled framework for testing chromatic discrimination and offers a practical foundation for more precise, adaptive, and perceptually informed color vision assessments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromaticity Points of Real Spectra Outside the CIE Chromaticity Diagram","authors":"B. Kránicz,&nbsp;B. V. Nagy,&nbsp;Zs. Sávoli","doi":"10.1002/col.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When an expert in colorimetry is asked whether the chromaticity point of a real spectrum can fall outside the CIE <i>xy</i> chromaticity diagram, the immediate answer will probably be something like “No! That is not possible!” Comprehensive investigations revealed that the concept of convexity is violated in several specific regions of the chromaticity diagram. Given that the deviations are only visible at the 5th decimal place, the results do not influence most calculations or practical measurements. However, since a fundamental property—convexity—of the chromaticity diagram relevant to the theory of colorimetry has been disproved, the color matching functions must be revised to maintain theoretical integrity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based White Balance Correction Using Spectrum Estimation From Multispectral Imaging","authors":"Geunho Jung,&nbsp;Alex Borgoo,&nbsp;Dongjun Choi,&nbsp;Sangwook Yoo","doi":"10.1002/col.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maintaining color consistency across different illuminants is a long-standing problem in digital imaging. In this context, color consistency refers to a system's ability to map a given surface to the same output color regardless of the capture illuminant. Residual color errors can persist under spectrally complex illumination. RGB inputs provide limited spectral information to separate illuminants with similar appearance but different spectra. In this study, we propose a three-stage white balance correction framework that combines multispectral imaging (MSI) with deep learning. The framework integrates illuminant classification, class-specific spectral regression, and an imaging pipeline informed by the predicted spectral power distribution (SPD). To address class imbalance, class-weighted learning is employed during classification, and both shared and class-specific architectures are evaluated for SPD prediction. The proposed method is compared against two baselines: direct SPD regression without classification and uncorrected RGB images converted to sRGB. Experiments on real-world data show that the classification-guided framework significantly reduces color error relative to the spectroradiometric reference, with <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mn>00</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {E}_{00} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> decreasing from 14.1 to 4.6 under LED lighting and from 4.9 to 1.5 under fluorescent conditions. The model also achieves improved stability (lower <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>E</mi>\u0000 <mn>00</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ Delta {E}_{00} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> variance) and spectral prediction accuracy using class-specific architectures. While limitations remain, such as dataset imbalance and the lack of value-level augmentation, these results demonstrate the feasibility of MSI-based white balance correction and underscore its potential to enhance perceptual color fidelity in consumer imaging.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}