Color Research and Application最新文献

{"title":"Individual color matching functions from cross-media color-matching experiment","authors":"Che Shen,&nbsp;Mark D. Fairchild","doi":"10.1002/col.22960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22960","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human color vision exhibits substantial variability, challenging the accurate measurement and reproduction of individual color appearances. This paper introduces a novel cross-media color-matching experiment that combines physical pigments and digital displays, providing a practical and efficient solution to measure individual color matching functions (CMFs). By using the Kubelka–Munk theory to synthesize broadband spectral pigments, optimized metameric pairs can be created to significantly differentiate categorical observers. Psychophysical experiment results reveal the superiority of specific CMFs for individual observers, surpassing standard models like the CIE 1931 2-degree CMFs. This study also underscores the significance of employing CMFs for personalized color reproduction and explores the potential benefits of using higher bit-depth displays, narrower-band displays, and increasing repetition counts to enhance the accuracy of the color matching process.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 2","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image enhancement for dichromatic vision by geometric approach in RGB color space","authors":"Tadahiro Azetsu,&nbsp;Ayaka Fujita,&nbsp;Noriaki Suetake","doi":"10.1002/col.22956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The goal of this study is to process digital images to facilitate color discrimination in dichromatic vision without changing their appearances in trichromatic vision as much as possible. Therefore, we propose a simple and effective image enhancement method using the geometric properties of the RGB color space. Concretely, a novel image representation that clarifies the relationship between dichromatic and trichromatic visions in the RGB color space, and an image enhancement method based on this representation are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments using several digital images.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 2","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: White balance for self-luminous highlights in images","authors":"Yuyang Liu,&nbsp;Shuwei Yue,&nbsp;Minchen Wei","doi":"10.1002/col.22957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22957","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An image is commonly white balanced using a white point that is considered to accurately characterize the scene illumination color (e.g., the white point estimated by the main camera on a smartphone, or the white point estimated by an ambient light sensor). Two recent studies, however, suggest that the perceived color appearance of self-luminous highlights is less affected by the ambient illumination color in a scene, with the color appearance judged using a white point between 5000 and 7000 K, especially when the stimulus luminance is much higher than the diffuse white luminance. Based on this, we hypothesized to use a D65 white point for white balancing the self-luminous highlights in images, regardless of the estimated white points. We captured a series of images containing self-luminous highlights, and processed them with three different white points (i.e., the white point estimated by the main camera, D50, and D65). The hypothesis was supported by the survey results collected from 73 observers, together with our observations, and believed to introduce better image color appearance, especially for images shown on high dynamic range displays.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 2","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From color naming to color perception: Cross-linguistic differences of the chromatic information processing in monolingual and bilingual speakers","authors":"Camilla Simoncelli,&nbsp;Philippe Gréa,&nbsp;Maria Kihlstedt","doi":"10.1002/col.22955","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been long running debate about the interaction of language and perception. In this context, bilingual people have often shown benefits, due to their double-active linguistic system, in cognitive functions, like inhibition, attention, and memory, which are central for visual perception. Color naming and categorization are domains for studying cross-linguistic effects, which arise from conceptual and perceptual variations across speakers of different languages. In this study, we compared the ‘blue’ lexicon of highly proficient French-Italian bilinguals to monolingual speakers of the corresponding languages. Prior studies have shown that Italian has two basic color terms for the blue area of color space: one denotes light blue hues (<i>azzurro</i>) and the other dark blue hues (<i>blu</i>), whilst French, with only one basic term <i>bleu</i>, lacks this distinction. We used a Stroop test to probe differences in perception and categorization of blue in bi- and monolingual speakers. We found that Italian monolinguals name the ink color more accurately and more rapidly when the word <i>blu</i> is rendered in dark blue ink (corresponding to the word <i>blu</i>) than when it is printed in light blue ink (corresponding to <i>azzurro</i>), since the latter represents an incongruent condition for them. This ‘category effect’ does not exist for French monolingual speakers. Our bilinguals' results demonstrate that, despite the emergence of a specific in-between perceptual behavior, bilinguals generally performed like Italian monolinguals. These outcomes confirm the hypothesis that their second language categories (Italian) dominate their native language (French), attesting that lexical distinctions influence perceptual faculties in general. However, the ratio of the interference effect (longer reaction times for incongruent stimuli compared to control stimuli) and the facilitation effect (shorter reaction times for congruent stimuli compared to control stimuli) is not the same for bilinguals and monolinguals. The highest magnitude in the facilitation effect was revealed for bilinguals, whereas the highest magnitude in the interference effect was revealed for Italian monolingual speakers. This phenomenon adds evidence to the existence of enhanced bilingual cognitive control abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 2","pages":"98-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile color formulation methods: A literature review","authors":"Sabrine Chaouch,&nbsp;Ali Moussa,&nbsp;Neji Ladhari","doi":"10.1002/col.22953","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22953","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Color has become an essential element in our communication and our judgment on products. In textile, the formulation of any color is an essential process to ensure color continuity from the master standard to all subsequent production batches. Indeed, the objective is to normalize its reproduction all along the color reproduction procedure. In the literature, researches concerning textile color formulation are important, so this review focuses on these different techniques and methods of color matching for dye mixtures and precolored fiber blends. This step involves determining the dyes or fibers to use (alone or in mixtures) and their appropriate proportions to reproduce the wanted colors. The main techniques used for dye mixtures are based on colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and artificial intelligence techniques. While for precolored fiber mixtures the used techniques are dived into theoretical and experimental models. In addition to the review of these different techniques, a quantitative analysis was carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"72-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the perceived brightness of chromatic stimuli with backgrounds of varying luminance","authors":"Andrea Avendano Martinez,&nbsp;Jake Zuena,&nbsp;Jaclyn Pytlarz","doi":"10.1002/col.22949","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22949","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reproducing near-gamut colors on an emissive display often causes them to appear brighter than an achromatic color of the same luminance. This phenomenon can be explained by the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch (H–K) effect, which describes an increase in perceived brightness when increasing the chroma of a stimulus. Although recent studies have attempted to incorporate the H–K effect into their modeling, none of these studies have directly explored how the perception of chromatic stimuli changes with background luminance. In this article, we present results from a psychophysical brightness-matching experiment conducted across different levels of background luminance. The experimental results show the magnitude of the H–K effect upon simultaneous lightness contrast for high chroma colors. We, then, compare our results to CAM16 and other published models that propose modifications to CAM16 to account for the H–K effect. The findings reveal that CAM16 overestimates the perceived rate of lightness change by more than double for highly saturated, low luminance colors with increasing background luminance levels. Despite the progress made in incorporating the H–K effect into models, our study indicates the need for further data to establish a more accurate and robust modeling of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"59-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative skin color in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation","authors":"Wakana Toya,&nbsp;Yuki Akizuki,&nbsp;Yohei Ohno,&nbsp;Tomoko Kutsuzawa","doi":"10.1002/col.22952","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may become pale during the early postoperative period. To clarify whether facial colors changed during the postoperative period, patients' skin color from before to 72 h after TAVI was measured spectrophotometrically. Factors associated with skin color were also investigated. Forehead skin color and vital signs were measured before TAVI and at 6, 18, and 72 h after TAVI in 11 patients scheduled for TAVI. Blood examinations were performed before and 18 and 72 h after TAVI. Skin color was assessed using a spectrophotometer and expressed as L* (lightness), a* (red/green), and b* (yellow/blue) according to the CIE1976L*a*b* color space. Skin lightness L* values increased at 6 and 18 h after TAVI and returned at 72 h after TAVI and a* values decreased at 6 h after TAVI. The b* values did not change perioperatively during TAVI. No associations were observed between the changes in skin color and changes in BP or laboratory data. The findings that the skin color became whitish and less reddish in the early postoperative period resembled that occurring during an acute inflammatory response. Observation of skin color is important to detect the possibility of postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"W and V shape features based on measured skin spectral reflectance","authors":"Meng Sun,&nbsp;Cheng Gao,&nbsp;Changjun Li","doi":"10.1002/col.22951","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22951","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research suggested that color vision evolved for the purpose of seeing skin color modulations signaling emotion or mood. Hence people want to find the connection of the cone sensitivities with the skin spectral reflectance. In this article the W and V shapes based on skin spectral reflectance measured at different positions and from different ethnic groups (Kurdish, Caucasian, Thai, Chinese) were investigated. First, it was found that the measured skin spectral reflectance from all body positions and ethnic groups have a V shape between 400 and 450 nm and a W shape between 520 and 610 nm. The W and V shapes from the measured skin spectral reflectance are clearly different from those from the spectral reflectance generated from the physical model. The V shape and W shape do not exist with spectral reflectances measured from artificial skin color. Second, it was found that the wavelengths where the left trough assumes for the W shape are different from the wavelength where the M cone peaks, and the wavelengths where the central peak of the W shape assumes are different from the wavelength where the L cone peaks, which are different from the results from literature. Third, it was found that the skin spectral reflectance varies with body positions and ethnic groups. The W shapes turn to be a “U” shape for the spectral reflectance measured at back of the hand and inner forearm positions. The spectral reflectance measured from Kurdish starts decreasing for each body positions for wavelength greater than 700 nm, which is clearly different from the spectral reflectance measured from the Chinese and Caucasian ethnic groups. The findings of this paper are valuable for improving the physical model for generating skin spectral reflectance, reconstructing skin spectral reflectance based on image, identifying human skin color from spectral imaging and rendering of human skin color in computer graphics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141934690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminance and chromaticity discrimination sensitivities right after an abrupt decrease in background luminance","authors":"Minwoo Son,&nbsp;Takehiro Nagai","doi":"10.1002/col.22950","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22950","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When we enter a dark place, such as a tunnel, from a bright exterior, our visual sensitivities take some time to adapt to lower light levels. However, there have been few reports on how quickly luminance and chromaticity discrimination sensitivities recover in this situation. This study aims to quantify the time course of discrimination sensitivity for luminance and chromaticity directions after an abrupt decrease in background luminance. In each trial, the background luminance was decreased from 100 to 1 cd/m². Subsequently, one target and three reference stimuli of different colors were presented under four stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) conditions. The participants discriminated the target stimulus from reference stimuli. The results showed that discrimination sensitivity was the lowest right after the background luminance changed and gradually improved with SOAs. The sensitivity decreases differed across color directions, with the greatest decrease in luminance, a moderate decrease in S−(L + M), and a negligible change in L−M. However, statistically significant differences were observed only between luminance and L−M, suggesting that the sensitivity decrease after the abrupt decrease in background luminance did not significantly differ between the chromaticity directions. We speculate that these results stem from the interaction between chromatic perception and luminance adaptation, and possibly from rod intrusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color analysis of ancient Egyptian paintings and its applications in modern digital visualization","authors":"Qiaoling Zeng","doi":"10.1002/col.22948","DOIUrl":"10.1002/col.22948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to identify the color preferences of ancient Egyptian paintings and their cultural and historical reasons through color analysis, and consequently introduce a color collection of ancient Egyptian painting colors for color matching of modern digital images. A total of 134 original and 168 replica/repair painting samples were selected from the digital repositories of various authoritative museum collections, focusing on painting patterns formed on object surfaces using coloring agents. The collected samples, spanning from the Ancient Kingdom of Egypt to the Greco-Roman period, encompass distinct types of ancient Egyptian paintings. The diversity and chronological distribution of these samples suggest that the color use in ancient Egyptian paintings is closely linked to the burial culture, coffin decoration, religious beliefs, and policy changes. Color analysis of the collected samples using the natural color system revealed that the predominant colors in ancient Egyptian paintings tend to be in the red and yellow spectrum, while the blue, green, and purple spectrum is relatively less prominent. This can be attributed to the historical development of colors, the scarcity of mineral resources, and the symbolic significance of colors in ancient Egyptian culture. Finally, a collection of ancient Egyptian painting colors was selected from extracted colors based on color differences to reflect the color characteristics of ancient Egyptian paintings. Furthermore, the construction method of color palettes with different thematic images and the practical application of these palettes in digital patterns using the proposed color collection were demonstrated to offer a reference for designers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":"50 1","pages":"4-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141739150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}