Clinical Oral Implants Research最新文献

{"title":"Immunohistological Evaluation of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Grafting Using a Porcine Dermal Matrix—A Human Histological Study","authors":"F. R. S. Michallek,&nbsp;M. Sluka,&nbsp;V. C. Landwehr,&nbsp;K. Vach,&nbsp;L. Larsson,&nbsp;K. Nelson,&nbsp;S. Nahles,&nbsp;F. Kernen,&nbsp;G. Iglhaut,&nbsp;T. Fretwurst","doi":"10.1111/clr.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim was the immunohistological evaluation of a porcine dermal matrix (PDM) in comparison to a non-augmented control group for peri-implant tissue thickening.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This human histological study involved the placement of PDM in the test group (20 patients) during implant placement, while the control group underwent implant placement without grafting (20 patients). Postoperative clinical evaluations were conducted, and biopsies were obtained after 3 months. Histomorphometric evaluation utilized H&amp;E staining. Immunohistological analysis included CD31, PSR, TE-7, CD3, CD20, CD138, and CD68.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 40 patients (17 females, 23 males; 60.62 years) were included. Though more frequent gingival redness occurred during wound healing in the PDM, the groups showed no significant differences in epithelial thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.63), rete ridges (<i>p</i> = 0.53), papilla density (<i>p</i> = 0.626), papilla complexity (<i>p</i> = 0.053), vascularization (<i>p</i> = 0.052), connective tissue morphology (<i>p</i> = 0.127), collagen differentiation (<i>p</i> = 0.41), and CD3⁺ (<i>p</i> = 0.85) and CD138⁺ cells (<i>p</i> = 0.33). The PDM group showed significantly more CD68⁺ cells (<i>p</i> = 0.049) and CD20⁺ cells (<i>p</i> = 0.046), which correlates with a potentially distinct immune response caused by the PDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PDM used in this study exhibited no significant differences regarding epithelial changes, vascularization, tissue morphology, and collagen differentiation compared to a healthy control sample 3 months after grafting. The PDM group demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of CD68⁺ and CD20⁺ cells. The noticeable interindividual variation in immunoprofiles and clinical relevance of these findings should be investigated in future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 4","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Year Analysis of Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Two-Piece Zirconia Compared to Titanium Implants: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Marc Balmer,&nbsp;Michael Payer,&nbsp;Anke Steinwender,&nbsp;Valentin Herber,&nbsp;Ronald E. Jung,&nbsp;Sebastian Kühl","doi":"10.1111/clr.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the clinical performance of two-piece zirconia implants with screw-retained abutments compared to titanium implants after 1 year of loading.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial, 61 two-piece zirconia and 61 titanium implants were placed and restored with single crowns. Evaluations were performed at implant placement, crown delivery, and 1-year post-loading. Peri-implant Marginal Bone Loss (MBL), survival rate, early wound healing index, and soft tissue parameters were assessed. Intergroup comparisons of continuous outcomes were performed using Linear Mixed-Effects Models accounting for center and potential confounders. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Significance was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No significant differences were found between the two implant types. Mean MBL from implantation to crown insertion was 1.10 ± 0.78 mm for titanium and 0.94 ± 0.67 mm for zirconia implants. No significant additional bone loss occurred over the subsequent year, with changes of 0.07 ± 0.55 mm and 0.08 ± 0.51 mm for titanium and zirconia, respectively. After 1 year, zirconia implants showed a 100% survival rate, while titanium implants showed 96.5% with two failures. At 1 year, differences in probing depths, plaque accumulation, and Papilla Bleeding Index were not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 1 year of loading, no statistically significant differences in MBL, implant survival, or peri-implant health were found between zirconia and titanium implants, indicating no clinical superiority. Zirconia implants may therefore be considered a viable alternative in single-tooth implant restorations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (No. DRKS 00013209) as well as at the Federal Office of Public Health's (FOPH) portal for human research in Switzerland (kofam.ch)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 4","pages":"496-508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Clinical, Radiographic and Esthetic Outcomes of Zirconia Dental Implants: A 10-Year Prospective Multicenter Study","authors":"S. Roehling,&nbsp;K. H. Bormann,&nbsp;M. M. Bornstein,&nbsp;S. Laval,&nbsp;F. Thieringer,&nbsp;M. Gahlert","doi":"10.1111/clr.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to prospectively investigate the long-term clinical performance of a commercially available one-piece zirconia dental implant system over 10 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multicenter, open-label study was conducted at three clinical centers in Germany. Forty-four patients with single-tooth gaps meeting specific inclusion criteria received 44 yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) implants featuring a sandblasted and acid-etched (ZLA) surface. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were performed at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years to assess implant survival, success, peri-implant bone levels, and esthetic outcomes using Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and White Esthetic Score (WES).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the 10-year follow-up, 35 patients with 35 implants were available for evaluation. The estimated 10-year survival rate was 97.7% (95% CI: 97.27–98.13). Three implants (8.6%) showed biological complications, including peri-implant mucositis in 2 implants (5.7%) and peri-implantitis in 1 implant (2.9%), leading to a success rate of 91.4% (95% CI: 76.9–97.8). Peri-implant bone loss was moderate, averaging 1.20 (±0.61) mm over 10 years, with stable bone levels observed after the initial remodeling phase. Esthetic outcomes revealed a slight increase in PES (7.4 to 7.8) and a minor decrease in WES (7.0 to 6.7) between years 5 and 10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zirconia implants demonstrated high long-term survival and success rates, moderate bone loss, and favorable esthetic outcomes. These findings support their use as a clinically reliable and esthetically acceptable long-term alternative to titanium implants. However, the limited sample size highlights the need for further confirmation in larger cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 4","pages":"439-452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Oral Hygiene Instructions in the Resolution of Peri-Implant Mucositis. A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Beatriz de Tapia,&nbsp;Álvaro Babiano,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Oreglia,&nbsp;Cristina Valles,&nbsp;Jose Nart","doi":"10.1111/clr.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine whether oral hygiene instructions (OHI) alone can be effective in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized clinical trial with 56 PM patients was conducted. Participants were assigned to OHI (<i>n</i> = 28) or OHI + Mechanical Instrumentation (MI) (<i>n</i> = 28). Clinical [modified bleeding index (mBI), disease resolution] and microbiological parameters were assessed at baseline (T1), 1 month (T2), and 3 months (T3). Standardized periapical radiographs were taken at T1 and T3. Outcomes were analyzed at patient- and implant-level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>48 patients with 118 implants were analyzed (52 in OHI; 66 in OHI + MI). At T3, success rates were 39.1% (OHI) and 56% (OHI + MI) at the patient level, and 36.4% (OHI) versus 67.3% (OHI + MI) at the implant level. Both groups showed a significant reduction in mBI (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Intergroup differences were not statistically significant, though greater divergence was noted at T3. At the patient level, higher FMPI/FMBI at 3 months predicted lower success (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas compliance improved outcomes (OR = 11.4, <i>p</i> = 0.004). At the implant level, failure was associated with OHI-only therapy, non-compliance, and higher mPI (all <i>p</i> = 0.001). History of periodontitis was a negative prognostic factor, linked to higher mBI at T3 (<i>p</i> = 0.010).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OHI achieved resolution of PM in a considerable proportion of patients, particularly among compliant individuals. However, a history of periodontitis and posterior implant location negatively influenced outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of patient adherence and implant accessibility, while reaffirming the critical adjunctive role of MI in optimizing therapeutic success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 4","pages":"509-522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rescue Therapy With Quad Zygoma After Failure of Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Study With a Mean Follow-Up of 8 Years","authors":"Shengchi Fan,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhou,&nbsp;Bilal Al-Nawas,&nbsp;Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón,&nbsp;Rubén Davó","doi":"10.1111/clr.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of quad zygomatic implants (ZIs) as a rescue therapy for patients with failed full-arch implant rehabilitation in the maxilla due to advanced peri-implantitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated with the Quad Zygoma Protocol. Primary outcomes included the ZI survival and success rates, and secondary outcomes, the prosthetic success rate and complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population included 28 consecutive patients who received 112 ZIs between 2006 and 2024, with a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 4.1 years. In 23 patients, a total of 113 failed conventional implants were removed, and 48 ZIs were immediately placed into the explantation sites. The ZI survival rate was 98.2%, with two ZIs requiring removal due to late complications. The implant success rate was 93.5%, and prosthetic success was achieved in 96.4% of cases. Sinusitis was diagnosed in 8 patients (28.5%) at a mean of 5.92 years postoperatively; all cases were successfully managed medically without implant loss. Soft tissue recession occurred in 9.8% of cases, while oroantral fistula and facial fistula were each observed in 0.9% of implants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Quad Zygoma Protocol may represent a reliable and predictable option for the rescue of failed maxillary full-arch implant rehabilitations. Despite a relatively high prevalence of sinusitis, favorable long-term clinical outcomes were achieved with appropriate management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 4","pages":"413-425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Buccal Gap Width on Alveolar Process Reduction Following Immediate Implant Placement: A Retrospective CBCT Study.","authors":"Maurício G Araújo,Debora R Dias,Ping Wang,Robert A Levine","doi":"10.1111/clr.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70106","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effect of the width of the buccal gap on the alveolar process reduction after immediate implant placement (IIP) at maxillary central incisor sites, compared to contralateral pristine tooth sites.MATERIAL AND METHODSTwenty-eight subjects who were treated with IIP to replace a maxillary central incisor and presented a pristine contralateral tooth site were included in this retrospective cohort study. The width of the gap between the implant and the inner walls of the socket was measured and grafted with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Subjects were divided into 2 groups: wide gap: > 2 mm (n = 14); Narrow gap: ≤ 2 mm (n = 14). CBCT scans were obtained after a mean follow-up of 6 (± 4) years and evaluated by a calibrated examiner. Dimensional measurements of the healed alveolar ridge (implant site) and alveolar process (tooth site) were compared between the two groups.RESULTSThe Narrow gap group showed significantly greater ridge resorption (41.1% ± 20.2%) in relation to the corresponding pristine tooth sites than the wide gap group (8.5% ± 11%). The width of the alveolar ridge at 3 and 5 mm below the crest and the height of the buccal wall were also significantly reduced in the narrow gap group.CONCLUSIONSA buccal gap > 2-mm wide grafted with DBBM after IIP may preserve more than 90% of the dimensions of the alveolar process. Conversely, a grafted narrow gap frequently results in significantly reduced ridge preservation.","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 5","pages":"630-642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148077475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Defect Morphology and Membrane Fixation on 3D Graft Material Displacement During Primary Wound Closure in Horizontal Bone Augmentation—An Ex Vivo Study","authors":"Clemens Raabe,&nbsp;Emilio A. Cafferata,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhou,&nbsp;Katharina M. Müller,&nbsp;Neelam Lingwal,&nbsp;Ausra Ramanauskaite,&nbsp;Frank Schwarz,&nbsp;Emilio Couso-Queiruga","doi":"10.1111/clr.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This preclinical study evaluated the influence of two defect morphologies on graft material displacement (GMD) during primary wound closure in horizontal bone augmentation (HBA). Secondary aims included assessing the effect of membrane stabilization and the role of local soft tissue characteristics on GMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Standardized HBA procedures following guided bone regeneration principles were performed on fresh pig hemimandibles. Each mandible received two sequential HBAs, randomized for defect morphology—partially contained (PCD) vs. contained (CD)—and membrane stabilization with (+Pins) or without (−Pins) four fixation pins. GMD was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanning by comparing graft dimensions before and after wound closure, at nine levels from the implant platform and across nine delimited sections, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty HBA procedures were analyzed. A notable GMD was observed for both PCD and CD, with no significant differences between them. In contrast, membrane stabilization significantly reduced three-dimensional GMD across all sections, with the most pronounced effect in the central-crestal section (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). At the implant platform level, GMD was −15.8% ± 25.6% with pins vs. −38.1% ± 27.4% without pins (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Across all groups, GMD occurred in an apico-lateral direction, with the greatest volume loss in the central-crestal, mesial, and distal crestal sections. Soft tissue phenotype did not affect GMD (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.240).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Defect morphology did not significantly influence the notable apico-lateral GMD. However, membrane stabilization using pins effectively reduced graft displacement, minimizing movement during primary wound closure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 3","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Biofilm Decontamination Methods on Implant-Abutment Surface Integrity: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies","authors":"Leoluca Valeriani,&nbsp;Arianna Giovannini,&nbsp;Nicola Marco Sforza,&nbsp;Luca Landi,&nbsp;Cristiano Tomasi,&nbsp;Marco Montevecchi","doi":"10.1111/clr.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To systematically analyze the impact of biofilm disruption and decontamination methods on the surface of dental implants and abutments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in September 2024. Only quantitative studies analyzing surface alterations caused by physical, mechanical, and chemical decontamination procedures were included. The risk of bias was assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-nine studies, all in vitro, were selected. Surface alterations were assessed using profilometer and microscope and were reported through Ra, Rz, and Sa roughness parameters. Differences in surface roughness between control and test groups were evaluated. For titanium machined surfaces, the surface roughness increases or decreases in 96% of cases for Ra and 100% for Sa and Rz, with no consistent pattern. Titanium modified surfaces generally show a reduction trend in roughness parameters following decontamination, though the extent and consistency of this reduction vary across studies. Few studies on zirconia reported minimal surface alteration, with Ra changes between −0.05 and 0.06 and Sa between 0.2 and 0.8 μm. Overall, due to methodological variability, no universally safe tool for maintaining surface integrity could be clearly identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inconclusive and heterogeneous nature of the findings suggests that surface alterations should be considered alongside other factors, rather than as a stand-alone determinant, when selecting implant surface decontamination methods. Clinical trials are suggested to assess the impact of these alterations on clinical outcomes, such as bacterial growth and biological complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 3","pages":"247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Dimensions Following Soft Tissue Contour Augmentation: A 3-Year Follow-Up of a Multi-Center RCT","authors":"Karin Jepsen,&nbsp;Søren Jepsen,&nbsp;Christoph H. F. Hämmerle,&nbsp;Leonardo Mancini,&nbsp;Franz J. Strauss,&nbsp;Malin Strasding,&nbsp;Stefan Hicklin,&nbsp;Mariano Sanz,&nbsp;Ignacio Sanz-Martin,&nbsp;Daniel S. Thoma,&nbsp;Irena Sailer","doi":"10.1111/clr.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/clr.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess 3-year changes of peri-implant tissues following previous soft tissue (volume) augmentation (STA) with a volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX) or connective tissue (SCTG) at single-implant restorations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a non-interventional follow-up observation, peri-implant tissues were evaluated with regard to buccal mucosal thickness (MT) and contour, peri-implant conditions: probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), mucosal margin level/crown height (CH), and clinician-reported esthetics (PE and PES). Patient- and clinician-reported satisfaction was recorded at 3 years (VAS). Mixed-effects models were used to compare the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-six patients (age: 48.0 ± 15.5 years) were followed. MT changes over time did not differ between groups [3.9 ± 1.4 mm to 2.6 ± 1.1 mm for VCMX; 3.8 ± 1.3 mm to 2.9 ± 1.2 mm for SCTG]. The estimated intergroup mean difference (VCMX–SCTG) was 0.2 mm (<i>p</i> = 0.587). Mucosal recession was minimal in both groups [0.2 ± 1.0 mm (VCMX) and 0.2 ± 0.6 mm (SCTG)]. At 3 years, intergroup differences in PE scores amounted to 0.5 at mesial (<i>p</i> = 0.06) and distal sites (<i>p</i> = 0.023) in favor of SCTG. PES scores were high in both groups (VCMX = 10.8; SCTG = 10.9) with no significant differences between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.580). Patient-reported satisfaction with overall esthetics was high (VAS: SCTG = 9.5; VCMX = 9.6) with no significant intergroup differences. Clinician-reported satisfaction was significantly higher for SCTG (VAS: 8.5) compared with VCMX (VAS: 7.4; <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both VCMX and SCTG maintained stable peri-implant soft tissues with minimal contour changes 3 years after implant loading. Clinician-reported outcome—esthetics overall—favored SCTG; however, patient-reported outcomes did not support this finding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10455,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oral Implants Research","volume":"37 3","pages":"345-356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/clr.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}