Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine最新文献_第4页

Update on Tuberculosis Treatment and Drug Regimens. 结核病治疗和药物方案的最新情况。

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041826

Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Giovanni Battista Migliori

{"title":"Update on Tuberculosis Treatment and Drug Regimens.","authors":"Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Giovanni Battista Migliori","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041826","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041826","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease treated with combination therapeutic regimens. Adherence to long-term antituberculosis therapy is crucial to maintain adequate blood drug level. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is mainly favored by the inadequate medical management of patients. The therapeutic approach for drug-resistant tuberculosis is cumbersome, because of the poor, expensive, less effective, and toxic alternatives to the first-line drugs. New antituberculosis regimens have been recently approved by the health authorities shortening the duration of treatment for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis drugs, including new drugs such as bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid. Unfortunately, they cannot represent the definitive solution to the clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis forms, particularly in intermediate economy settings where the prevalence of drug-resistance is high (China, India, and Former Soviet Union countries among others). Last but not least, new evidence on the burden of posttuberculosis lung disease calls for effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of this form of disease. New research and development activities are urgently needed. Public health policies are required to preserve the new and old therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T Cell Differentiation in Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes. 自身免疫性1型糖尿病的T细胞分化

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041592

Andrea Schietinger, Ian T McBain, Katrina M Hawley, Svetlana Miakicheva

引用次数: 0

Type 1 Diabetes: Advances in Understanding and Treatment 100 Years after the Discovery of Insulin. 1型糖尿病：胰岛素发现100年后的认识和治疗进展。

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041843

Jeffrey A Bluestone, Kevan C Herold, Lori Sussel

引用次数: 0

Pediatric Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Disease Spectrum, Diagnosis, and Management. 儿童结核病：流行病学、疾病谱系、诊断和管理。

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041805

Ben J Marais, H Simon Schaaf

引用次数: 0

The Mouse Model of Tuberculosis: Uses and Abuses. 结核小鼠模型：应用与滥用。

IF 10.1 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041820

Andrea M Cooper, John E Pearl

引用次数: 0

The Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Burden, Trends, and Determinants. 全球结核病流行病学：负担、趋势和决定因素。

IF 10.1 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041982

Gerhard Walzl, Delia Goletti, Alimuddin Zumla

{"title":"The Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis: Burden, Trends, and Determinants.","authors":"Gerhard Walzl, Delia Goletti, Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041982","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide despite availability of effective treatment. In 2024, an estimated 10.7 million people developed TB disease, including 5.8 million men, 3.7 million women, and 1.2 million children. An estimated 1.23 million people died of TB, including 150,000 deaths among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). TB occurs in all regions of the world but is highly concentrated in a number of countries and populations, reflecting persistent social, economic, and health-system inequalities. Approximately one-fifth of the world's population has TB infection. TB burden varies markedly by age, sex, geography, and risk profile. TB/HIV coinfection remains a major driver of TB mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Children and adolescents account for a substantial and underrecognized share of the global burden. Drug-resistant TB remains a major threat, driven by ongoing transmission and gaps in access to timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Global TB incidence declined between 2000 and 2019 but stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case detection and mortality have partially recovered since 2022. Currently, 131 cases per 100,000 population and funding cuts highlight the fragility of TB control efforts. Sustained reductions in TB burden and achieving WHO End TB goals will require strong political and funder commitments in early diagnosis, expanded prevention, universal access to effective treatment for all forms of TB, strengthened surveillance, and action on the social and structural determinants that drive transmission and disease.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Assays for TB Disease and Drug Resistance Detection-Advances and Latest WHO Recommendations. 结核病诊断分析和耐药性检测——进展和世卫组织最新建议。

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041850

Paolo Miotto, Francesca Saluzzo, Andrea M Cabibbe, Daniela M Cirillo

{"title":"Diagnostic Assays for TB Disease and Drug Resistance Detection-Advances and Latest WHO Recommendations.","authors":"Paolo Miotto, Francesca Saluzzo, Andrea M Cabibbe, Daniela M Cirillo","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041850","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041850","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and timely diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) and its drug-resistant forms are essential for effective patient care and global TB disease control. This paper summarizes the latest advances in TB disease diagnostics. We describe mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including both well-characterized and emerging pathways. Approaches for the initial detection of active TB disease are discussed, highlighting the key role of nucleic acid amplification tests of varying complexity across pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens. Follow-on drug resistance testing using rapid molecular assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the early identification of resistance to first- and second-line drugs. Traditional culture-based and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing remain crucial for comprehensive profiling, particularly for drugs with limited molecular markers. These topics are discussed in the context of World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also outline future directions, emphasizing the integration of molecular and phenotypic methods, expansion of NGS applications, and standardization of diagnostic algorithms. This synthesis provides a concise overview of contemporary diagnostic tools to guide therapy and policy decisions in TB disease management.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunodominant Tuberculosis Antigens Recognized by Human CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T Cells. 人类CD4+和CD8+ T细胞识别的免疫优势结核抗原。

IF 4.9 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041816

Deborah A Lewinsohn, Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, David M Lewinsohn

{"title":"Immunodominant Tuberculosis Antigens Recognized by Human CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells.","authors":"Deborah A Lewinsohn, Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, David M Lewinsohn","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041816","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041816","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide for which an improved vaccine and immunodiagnostics are urgently needed. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in host defense to TB. Definition of the immunodominant antigens recognized by these T cells is critical for improved understanding of the immunobiology of TB and for development of vaccines and diagnostics. Herein, we review antigens and epitopes recognized by classically human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I- and class II-restricted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in humans infected with MTB, as defined using either targeted or genome-wide approaches. We address the extent to which these antigens have been defined as immunodominant, protective, and/or specific to disease stages in humans and, with particular relevance to CD8+ T-cell recognition, whether these antigens are displayed by MTB-infected cells.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Host Biomarkers in Tuberculosis. 结核中的宿主生物标志物。

IF 10.1 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041833

Jane A Shaw, Gerhard Walzl

{"title":"Host Biomarkers in Tuberculosis.","authors":"Jane A Shaw, Gerhard Walzl","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041833","url":null,"abstract":"Host-derived biomarkers are high-priority targets for development and could play important roles in diagnosis of various states of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and disease, prediction of outcomes, and might guide vaccine and drug regimen evaluation. We discuss the need for priority tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers, including markers of immune sensitization, prediction of progression, diagnosis of asymptomatic and symptomatic TB, including extrapulmonary TB, and treatment monitoring. The focus of the review is on ex vivo transcriptomic and proteomic markers as these are amenable to the development of field-near test formats, which are the most appropriate tests for future incorporation into TB management programs in resource-scarce settings, where the need for new tools is the greatest. The performance of candidate markers is measured against World Health Organization (Target Product Profiles for Tuberculosis Screening Tests, www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240113572)-devised target product profiles, and challenges for harmonized research approaches to secure strong clinical data, coupled with sample repositories, and biomedical resources are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cell-Autonomous Defense against Tuberculosis. 抗结核细胞自主防御。

IF 10.1 2区医学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041818

Carl Nathan, John MacMicking

{"title":"Cell-Autonomous Defense against Tuberculosis.","authors":"Carl Nathan, John MacMicking","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041818","url":null,"abstract":"Our ability to cope with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires activated macrophages to help confer host defense. The extent to which these cells directly eliminate or restrain Mtb varies not only within different human populations but also within a given individual at different times following infection and in different lesions. Genetic studies of susceptible people reveal macrophage-activating cytokines like interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are key determinants of protective immunity against tuberculosis. Both cytokines mobilize macrophage effector programs to kill or restrict the bacterium. Among the downstream agents responsible for this inhibition are reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS); lysosomal and autophagic defense; and antimicrobial peptides, metabolites, and metal ion-binding proteins. Together these cell-autonomous effector pathways furnish toxic products or withhold essential micronutrients. It is a testament to the evolutionary fitness of Mtb that immune sterilization is often incomplete, although sufficient to ensure that most people infected with this airborne pathogen remain disease-free.","PeriodicalId":10452,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0