Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers Among Dentistry Students' in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Questionnaire-Based Study.","authors":"Mohammad Haris Taheri,&nbsp;Ali Maisam Eshraqi,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Anwari,&nbsp;Ahmad Milad Stanikzai","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S378171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S378171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the mouth's most common and painful inflammatory ulcerative condition, also called aphthae or canker sores. Its prevalence is about 20% and predisposition factors involve genetics, environmental factors, and immune dysfunctions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reviewing the literature and no study was found to show the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent aphthous ulceration in the context of Afghanistan. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence and associated factors of recurrent aphthous ulceration among dentistry students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 223 dentistry students. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed to find the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of (RAS) in our sample group was 30%. (68.7%) of participants had one or more family members who experienced aphthous ulcers and the association was found to be significant (<i>X</i> ² = 134.940; p < 0, 05). (81%) of participants experienced the condition to eating certain types of food (<i>X</i> ² = 165.906; p < 0, 05) and (53.7%) of them reported the same about trauma (<i>X</i> ² = 99.958; p < 0, 05). Regarding stress the difference was also statistically significant (<i>X</i> ² = 56.830; p < 0, 05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that a considerable proportion of the study sample had experienced recurrent aphthous ulceration. Family history, stress, trauma, and dietary factors have an impact on the occurrence of RAS with no association with gender and smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/a8/ccide-14-275.PMC9482951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33466222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silanizing Effectiveness on the Bond Strength of Aged Bulk-Fill Composite Repaired After Sandblasting or Bur Abrasion Treatments: An in vitro Study.","authors":"Huda Hashim,&nbsp;Manal Hussain Abd-Alla","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S381235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S381235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of an aged bulk-fill composite after different mechanical (diamond bur vs sandblasting) and chemical (universal adhesive with or without a previous silanization) surface treatments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE) was used to construct seventy-two specimens aged through 10,000 thermal cycles. The specimens were allocated into two groups (n = 36 each) according to the mechanical roughening: Db, treated with a diamond bur, and Sb, treated by sandblasting. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 12 each) according to the chemical conditioning: Db-only and Sb-only, unconditioned specimens; Db-U and Sb-U, specimens were conditioned with silane-containing universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal adhesive, 3M ESPE); and Db-S-U and Sb-S-U, specimens were conditioned with a silane agent (Prosil, FGM) before employing the universal adhesive. The same composite material was used for repair. An additional reference group was constructed to measure the cohesive strengths of the bulk-fill composite. SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the failure modes were evaluated by stereomicroscope. The surface topography of resin composite after roughening was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. SBS data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and independent <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significantly highest SBS was recorded in the reference group (P ≤ 0.05). Sb-only obtained significantly higher SBS than Db-only (P < 0.001). No significant difference in SBS was noted between Db-U and Sb-U or Db-S-U and Sb-S-U. Likewise, no significant difference was observed between the subgroups treated with or without silane (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sandblasted specimens demonstrated a higher repair SBS than the diamond bur-treated specimens. The use of an additional silanizing step before applying silane-containing universal adhesive did not enhance the SBS of the repaired composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/e4/ccide-14-265.PMC9462518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Social Media Usage by Dental Practitioners of Pakistan for Professional Purposes - A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Dinaz Ghandhi,&nbsp;Nikita Bodani,&nbsp;Abhishek Lal,&nbsp;Afsheen Maqsood,&nbsp;Naseer Ahmed,&nbsp;Sakeenabi Basha,&nbsp;Ali A Assiry,&nbsp;Artak Heboyan,&nbsp;Mohmed Isaqali Karobari","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S374111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S374111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past couple of years, the use of social media has been on a tremendous rise with greater attention in the field of healthcare, including dentistry. The use of social media for professional purposes is emphasized as unprofessional use can be detrimental. This study aims to evaluate the use of social media by dentists for professional purposes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2021 and March 2022. An online questionnaire was formulated using Google Forms and distributed to the dental professionals through various social media platforms such as Twitter©, Facebook©, Instagram©, Snapchat©, WhatsApp©, and Email©. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and questions about the use of social media for professional purposes. For data analysis, SPSS version 25.0 was used, where a multiple linear regression test was used to compare the responses of the participants with their demographic characteristics. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 404 dentists participated in this study with a response rate of 89.7%. The majority of the 276 (68.3%) dentists believed to have a professional account to use social media for professional purposes. Most of the 280 (69.3%) dentists agreed social media improved knowledge and communication skills with the patients. About 248 (61.4%) dentists considered the use of social media for general purposes during clinical hours led to wastage of time. About 160 (39.6%) dentists considered connecting with patients on social media to be inappropriate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of social media is on the rise at a tremendous rate in different fields of work, including dentistry. Social media is a great tool for dentists to help expand and grow their clinical practice. However, the professional use and ethics whilst using social media should be considered by the dentists.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/a9/ccide-14-245.PMC9375972.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40617287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins: Knoop Microhardness, Diametral Tensile Strength and Degree of Conversion.","authors":"Bruna Scarcello Strini, Joyce Figueiredo de Lima Marques, Renata Pereira, Danielle Ferreira Sobral-Souza, Vanessa Gallego Arias Pecorari, Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S376195","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCIDE.S376195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bulk-fill composite resins were developed to reduce time and facilitate the restorative procedure. However, considering their recent introduction on the market and the new formulations, their performance still requires evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate Knoop microhardness (KHN), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and degree of conversion (DC) of three Bulk-Fill composite resins and a conventional one.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty samples (n = 15; 8 mm ø x 4 mm height) were confectioned using a mold. Filtek Bulk-Fill (FBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TNC) and SonicFill 2 (SF2) were placed in 4 mm increments, and Filtek Z350 (FZ350) was placed in 2 mm increments. The KHN of top and bottom surfaces were tested using Knoop Hardness tester at 10 gf/10s. The DTS was tested under compressive load at 1.0 mm/min. The DC was measured by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differences in DTS and DC were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. For KHN, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were performed at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Top surfaces of all composite resins had higher KHN than bottom surfaces. At top and bottom surfaces, FZ350 showed higher KHN than TNC and SF2. The highest DTS was obtained by FBF, followed by FZ350 and SF2. The highest DC was obtained by SF2, the lowest one was obtained by FBF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From Bulk-Fill composite resins, FBF presented the best KHN and DTS results. The SF2 showed the best DC. Further studies are required to ensure whether these differences can negatively influence the behavior of in vivo restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f9/e2/ccide-14-225.PMC9359371.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40622621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Oral Health Knowledge and Practices Among Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mona T Rajeh","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S379171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S379171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the knowledge and practices of adults regarding oral health and to determine the associated gender differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and a total of 1330 adults participated. Data were collected using self-administered validated questionnaire to gather information about sociodemographic data, oral health knowledge and practices. The scores of the oral health knowledge were calculated. Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate and compare the oral health knowledge and practices between males and females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females had a significantly higher mean oral health knowledge score (8.5 ± 1.5) than males (8.1 ± 1.7). Regarding oral health practices, female participants reported a higher frequency of tooth brushing and mouthwash use than males (p = 0.001). The percentage of females who visited the dentist for check-ups and cleaning was significantly higher compared to males (41.5% and 35.2%, respectively). Participants with a university-level education showed a significantly higher knowledge score (coefficient = 0.27; 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.46). Respondents who were less than 40 years old brushed their teeth more than twice a day compared to older individuals (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.13). Nonsmokers had better knowledge, and brushing their teeth twice daily was more likely among them (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the adult population, females were more knowledgeable about their oral health and exhibited better practices than males.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/64/ccide-14-235.PMC9359402.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40622620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Affects Quality of Life. A Case-Control Study.","authors":"César Rivera,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Muñoz-Pastén,&nbsp;Esteban Núñez-Muñoz,&nbsp;Romina Hernández-Olivos","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S369481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S369481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the impact of recurrent aphthous stomatitis on quality of life related to oral health, and then to determine the relationship between the observed impact and lesions characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective case-control study (n=62), patients were divided into a healthy group (people with no history of ulcers) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (people who had an active ulcer at study entry). The latter were also evaluated when the lesion disappeared (remission stage). We record the quality of life in all groups using the impact profile of oral health in its abbreviated Spanish version (OHIP-14SP). Finally, we correlate the clinical characteristics of the lesions with the levels of quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the lesions were of the minor morphological type. Most of the lesions were located on the lining mucosa, primarily on the lips. Patients report a lower quality of life during ulcer episodes compared to ulcer-free periods, and this impact is positively related to the number and size of lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that recurrent aphthous stomatitis increased the negative effects of oral health on the quality of life of patients. The number and size of ulcers are responsible for this impact. Our results suggest that, if intervened locally, general relief of the condition could be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/1d/ccide-14-217.PMC9341334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunnel Restoration: A Minimally Invasive Dentistry Practice.","authors":"Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami,&nbsp;Conson Yeung,&nbsp;Iris Xiaoxue Yin,&nbsp;Amy Wai Yee Wong,&nbsp;Chun Hung Chu,&nbsp;Ollie Yiru Yu","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S372165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S372165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advances in technology, dentists nowadays manage dental caries with the philosophy of minimally invasive dentistry. Dental restoration is now performed most conservatively with minimal destruction of tooth structure when operative dentistry is indicated. Some operative dentists suggested using tunnel restoration for treating proximal caries as a conservative alternative to the conventional box preparation. The main advantage of tunnel restoration over the conventional box or slot preparation includes being more conservative and increasing tooth integrity and strength by preserving the marginal ridge. However, tunnel restoration is technique sensitive and requires advanced operative skills. Tunnel restoration can be an option to restore proximal caries if the dentist selects the proper case and pays attention to the details of the restorative procedures. With the dentist's advanced training, advanced light-emitting diode handpieces, magnifying loupes, precise digital imaging and new generation restorative materials, good results can be obtained in selected cases. This study reviews the literature on tunnel restoration and provides updated techniques and clinical data that can be used in tunnel restoration to oversee its limitations and the perspective on restorative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/2c/ccide-14-207.PMC9296866.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphangioma Circumscriptum - A Rare Cause of Gingival Enlargement: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Arun Sadasivan, Roshni Ramesh","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S367281","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCIDE.S367281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymphangiomas or microcystic lymphatic malformations (MLM) are hamartomatous formations that occur due to the proliferation of lymphatic vessels. They commonly manifest in the head and neck region with only a few cases reported within the oral cavity. Lymphangioma circumscriptum in the gingiva is a rare condition which presents as asymptomatic pebbly gingival enlargement. They are characterized by lesions that are microscopic thin-walled cysts. Histopathologically, they show multiple dilated lymphatic channels which are lined by endothelial cells. The lumen is filled with lymphatic fluid, red blood cells, and other inflammatory cells. These are dispersed within connective tissue stroma. Multiple modalities of treatment have been reported, including surgical excision, laser therapy, and sclerotherapy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This paper reports a rare case of multiple lymphangiomas of the gingiva in a 21-year-old female patient. The clinical picture, surgical treatment, histologic features, and immunohistochemistry [IHC] findings are presented. The histologic findings of lymphangioma were confirmed with IHC being positive for lymphatic marker D2-40. The patient was followed up for a period of 2 years, with no recurrence noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lymphangiomas or microcystic lymphatic malformations presenting as a gingival enlargement are a rare occurrence. Therefore, lymphangiomas may also be considered in the differential diagnosis of gingival enlargements.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/84/ccide-14-199.PMC9285531.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40601791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Affected Molars in a Pediatric Patient Including Endodontic Treatment, Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Jawza H Alfarraj,&nbsp;AbdulAziz A Alsaeed","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S371122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S371122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical manifestation of enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin affecting one or more permanent first molars and incisors. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the management of two mandibular molars with hypomineralization and to emphasize endodontic treatment for pediatric patients. An 8-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric dental clinic for restorations of multiple carious teeth. Upon clinical examination, based on the pattern of enamel hypomineralization and posteruptive breakdown presented, the diagnosis of MIH was established. As a part of the comprehensive treatment, one molar was restored with resin-based composite restorations. The other was endodontically involved and was treated with apexification and then covered with a stainless-steel crown. A two-year recall appointment revealed both molars to be free from signs and symptoms of inflammation. Management of MIH-affected molars should follow a conservative approach and endodontic treatment should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/19/ccide-14-183.PMC9250347.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of Dickkopf-Related Protein-1 in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Periodontitis: A Prospective Comparative Study.","authors":"Ehab Azab,&nbsp;Alaa Attia,&nbsp;Wael Yaghmoor,&nbsp;Salwa Aldahlawi,&nbsp;Abdel-Rahman Youssef","doi":"10.2147/CCIDE.S362801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S362801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK1) serum levels and periodontal clinical parameters of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis at baseline and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A prospective comparative study was conducted among 24 patients with periodontitis who were divided according to the smoking habits into two groups: nonsmokers (G1) and smokers (G2). All the participants were assessed clinically by recording the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI), and immunologically by measuring the DKK1 serum levels at baseline and six weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups showed a significant decrease in PI, BI, and CAL after periodontal therapy (p < 0.05), while PD was significantly reduced in G1 (p = 0.005). The PI mean value was significantly higher at the baseline in G2 versus G1 (p = 0.050), while PD, BI, and CAL values were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.056, p = 0.241, and p = 0.381, respectively). For DKK1 serum levels, there was a statistically significant decrease after treatment compared to the baseline for both groups (G1: p < 0.001; G2: p < 0.001) but no significant difference before (p = 0.131) and six weeks after treatment (p = 0.334) between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although nonsurgical periodontal treatment effectively improved periodontal clinical parameters and reduced DKK1 serum levels, there were no significant differences in the DKK1 serum levels among the smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10445,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/57/ccide-14-191.PMC9250341.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}