Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics最新文献_第3页

Malfunction in GABA and Glutamate as Pathways to Depression: A Review of the Evidence: GABA和谷氨酸的功能障碍是抑郁症的途径:证据综述

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-15 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S3481

C. Sharpley

引用次数: 4

A Review on the Use of Eltrombopag in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease 晚期肝病患者使用依曲巴格的研究进展

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-13 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2267

E. Giannini, A. Greco, V. Savarino

{"title":"A Review on the Use of Eltrombopag in Patients with Advanced Liver Disease","authors":"E. Giannini, A. Greco, V. Savarino","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S2267","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality in patients with chronic, advanced liver disease. In these patients, the presence of severe thrombocytopenia is an obstacle to the performance of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and the current standard treatment for these patients is platelet transfusions, a remedy whose characteristics are far from being ideal. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection may render the patients ineligible to antiviral treatment or may limit its efficacy because of premature discontinuation. Although the cause of thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease is likely multi-factorial, decreased thrombopoietin production by the liver undoubtedly plays a significant role. In this regard, eltrombopag, a non-peptide, orally bioavailable thrombopoietin receptor agonist has been shown to safely increase platelet count in a dose-dependent fashion in both healthy subjects and thrombocytopenic patients with chronic hepatitis C. Furthermore, in this latter group of patients, it has been shown to be superior to placebo in counteracting the myelosuppressive effect of short-term pegylated interferon treatment.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80791087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pitavastatin in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia 匹伐他汀治疗高胆固醇血症

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-13 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2690

S. Nomura

引用次数: 4

Treatment of Anemia Associated with chronic Kidney Disease with Methoxy polyethylene Glycol- epoetin Beta 甲氧基聚乙二醇-促生成素治疗慢性肾病相关性贫血

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-09 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S3339

T. Patel, Ajay K. Singh

{"title":"Treatment of Anemia Associated with chronic Kidney Disease with Methoxy polyethylene Glycol- epoetin Beta","authors":"T. Patel, Ajay K. Singh","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S3339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S3339","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia resulting from a relative deficiency of erythropoietin commonly complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). With the introduction of recombinant erythropoietin two decades ago, there has been a dramatic reduction in the need for blood transfusions in CKD patients. Epoetin alpha is a first generation erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) that needs to be administered frequently because of its short half-life. Methoxy ethylene glycol-epoetin beta is a longer acting ESA that acts as a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator and is given once every 2 to 4 weeks. In short term clinical studies, Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta has been observed to be comparable with other ESAs with regard to safety and efficacy in maintaining hemoglobin levels in the target range. However, hemoglobin is no longer a clinically valid surrogate for safety i.e. correction of anemia does not translate into better clinical outcome. Long term studies evaluating hard end-points such as death and cardiovascular events are lacking. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta has been approved for use in the European Union since 2007 while its use in the United States is prohibited on legal grounds.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89701967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cinacalcet HCl Treatment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–4 盐酸昔那卡塞治疗慢性肾病3-4期患者

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-09 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S3211

Y. Tominaga

引用次数: 2

ciclesonide in the Management of Asthma 环奈德在哮喘治疗中的应用

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-08 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2133

D. Gonzalez, H. Derendorf

{"title":"ciclesonide in the Management of Asthma","authors":"D. Gonzalez, H. Derendorf","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S2133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S2133","url":null,"abstract":"Ciclesonide is a novel inhaled corticosteroid (ICSs) approved in most countries for the management of persistent asthma. Although inhaled corticosteroids are first-line therapy in the treatment of asthma, long term use and high-doses of these products may result in significant side effects. When developing a new ICSs, the goal is to identify a drug with comparable (or superior) efficacy to active comparators, and an improved safety profile. Ciclesonide is a prodrug which is administered through a hydrofluoroalkane- propellant metered dose inhaler (HFA-MDI). Once it reaches the lungs, the parent compound is metabolized by esterases to des- isobutyryl ciclesonide (des-CIC), an active metabolite with a 100-fold greater affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. Ciclesonide has a unique pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile which confers an improved therapeutic ratio. Several clinical trials have shown that its efficacy is superior to placebo and similar to several active comparators. However, its high pulmonary deposition and on-site activation minimizes the risk for local side effects. Also, its low oral bioavailability, high hepatic clearance, and extensive plasma protein binding, among other factors, decrease the risk for systemic side effects. Doses of ciclesonide as high as 1280 µg/day (ex-actuator) result in minimal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, a measure commonly used to assess systemic bioavailability for an ICSs. This review will provide a summary of ciclesonide’s role in the management of asthma, including a discussion of relevant clinical trials designed to evaluate its efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89904469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pamidronate and Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone 帕米膦酸钠与唑来膦酸治疗骨佩吉特病

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-08 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S3310

M. Colina, G. Ciancìo, F. Trotta

引用次数: 0

Ibandronate in the Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 依班膦酸盐治疗绝经后骨质疏松症

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-06 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2354

J. Reginster, M. Hiligsmann, V. Rabenda, B. Zegels, A. Neuprez, O. Bruyère

引用次数: 3

A Review of Multimatrix System (MMX) Mesalazine in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis 多基质系统(MMX)美沙拉嗪治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-06 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S38

A. Hawthorne

{"title":"A Review of Multimatrix System (MMX) Mesalazine in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis","authors":"A. Hawthorne","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S38","url":null,"abstract":"MMXTM mesalazine is a novel delayed release mesalazine formulation with a high-strength 1.2 g tablet for the treatment of active mild to moderate colitis and maintenance of remission. In vitro and in vivo studies show initiation of drug release in the terminal ileum and caecum with gradual release of 5-ASA as the tablet passes through the colon. Pharmacokinetic data are comparable to other 5-ASA formulations with low systemic absorption and high levels in feces and in mucosal biopsies in the left colon. Clinical trials have shown high rates of clinical and endoscopic remission in active mild to moderate colitis over 8 weeks with a 2.4 g once daily dose. There do not appear to be higher remission rates with the 4.8 g dose. Prolongation of treatment with a further 8 weeks of 2.4 g twice daily can induce remission in those failing the initial 8 weeks of therapy. A maintenance study enrolling patients who achieved remission in the acute studies showed high rates of remission maintained at one year with 1.2 g twice daily (68.5%) and 2.4 g once daily (64.4%) using the strict definition of remission (including mucosal healing) that was used in the active treatment trials. The drug is safe and effective in colitis. The high tablet strength, and once-daily dosage make this formulation a welcome addition to therapy options for patients with colitis.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74468381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections: A Review of the Use of Posaconazole 侵袭性真菌感染的预防:泊沙康唑的应用综述

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-10-02 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S1948

C. Collins, Jeannina A Smith, D. Kaul

{"title":"Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections: A Review of the Use of Posaconazole","authors":"C. Collins, Jeannina A Smith, D. Kaul","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S1948","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) cause significant morbidity, mortality, and increased cost of care in patients with hematological malignancies, prolonged (i.e. >7–10 days) treatment induced neutropenia, and other disease states causing underlying immunosuppression. One strategy often used to combat the development of invasive infections is the use of antifungal agents as prophylaxis in at risk patients. Posaconazole is an oral triazole with a useful spectrum of activity against many fungal pathogens of concern in patients at risk for the development of IFIs. Posaconazole is only available in oral formulation and therapeutic drug monitoring may provide value due to variable absorption and serum concentrations. Clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic data have demonstrated the utility of posaconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and for prophylaxis in patients at risk for development of IFIs. Several organizations or expert groups involved in developing guidelines for the management of IFIs recommend posaconazole anti-fungal prophylaxis in patients with AML or MDS and chemotherapy induced neutropenia or significant GVHD. In addition, nonrandomized studies (largely of salvage therapy) and case series suggest that posaconazole may be effective as treatment for invasive aspergillosis, zygomycosis, and coccidiomycosis. Further, small case series or individual case reports suggest activity against other less commonly encountered filamentous fungi and Histoplasma.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0