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Obesity and Diabetes: A Complex Connection. 肥胖和糖尿病：一个复杂的联系。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001017
Suchitra Chandrasekaran
{"title":"Obesity and Diabetes: A Complex Connection.","authors":"Suchitra Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001017","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are closely interconnected global epidemics driven by shared metabolic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Excess adiposity promotes insulin resistance through adipose tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and ectopic fat deposition, ultimately contributing to β-cell failure and hyperglycemia. Pregnancy represents a unique metabolic state in which physiological insulin resistance may unmask underlying metabolic vulnerability, increasing risks of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal obesity and diabetes also contribute to long-term cardiometabolic risk and the intergenerational transmission of metabolic disease. Integrated strategies emphasizing preconception care, lifestyle interventions, optimized glycemic management, and coordinated postpartum cardiometabolic follow-up are critical to improving maternal and offspring health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors: Vulvar Disease. 贡献者：外阴疾病。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1097/01.grf.0001193512.24831.11
{"title":"Contributors: Vulvar Disease.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/01.grf.0001193512.24831.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.grf.0001193512.24831.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"69 2","pages":"v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovative Prenatal Care for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Integrating Technology, Education, and Care Models. 妊娠期糖尿病创新产前护理：整合技术、教育和护理模式。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000991
Easha Patel, Cara Dolin, Stacey Ehrenberg
{"title":"Innovative Prenatal Care for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Integrating Technology, Education, and Care Models.","authors":"Easha Patel, Cara Dolin, Stacey Ehrenberg","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000991","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy has increased significantly necessitating innovative methods to optimize care for patients. Group prenatal care has emerged as a promising model in response to rising health care costs and declining patient satisfaction with traditional care approaches. Although traditionally used for low-risk patients, group prenatal care has expanded to pregnant patients with diabetes. The role of technology for diabetes in pregnancy has also expanded to include continuous glucose monitors, electronic data repositories, and remote glycemic monitoring. This review aims to examine existing literature on innovative prenatal care in the context of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Pregnant Patients With Gestational Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. 妊娠期糖尿病和2型糖尿病孕妇的持续血糖监测。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001010
Ashley N Battarbee
{"title":"Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Pregnant Patients With Gestational Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Ashley N Battarbee","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001010","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucose monitoring is arguably one of the most important components of diabetes management in pregnancy. In this review, the application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in managing diabetes during pregnancy is explored with a focus on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It highlights the expanding applications of CGM technology, starting with evidence from the landmark CONCEPTT trial. The review examines normative CGM data in uncomplicated pregnancies and emphasizes the emerging evidence for CGM in GDM management. Finally, it addresses the limited but growing data on CGM in T2D pregnancies. Although CGM offers promising new opportunities to overcome the limitations of traditional SMBG testing, knowledge gaps persist. Further research is needed to determine how to effectively use this novel technology in pregnant patients with GDM and T2D to maximize maternal glycemic control and optimize pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"185-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intrapartum Management of Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy. 妊娠期糖尿病及糖尿病酮症酸中毒的产时处理。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001012
Annie Dude
{"title":"Intrapartum Management of Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy.","authors":"Annie Dude","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001012","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of intrapartum management of diabetes is to keep maternal blood glucose within a certain range in order to reduce the risk of maternal complications as well as decrease the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Several protocols are available for intrapartum management and focus on using insulin drips and glucose-containing fluids to keep maternal blood glucose within a certain range. Similarly, there are many protocols for treating diabetic ketoacidosis, all of which address volume depletion, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances with isotonic intravenous fluids, insulin, electrolyte replacement, and treatment of the underlying cause of ketosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"192-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Determinants of Health, Diabetes, and Pregnancy. 健康、糖尿病和怀孕的社会决定因素。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001005
Christine Field, Kartik K Venkatesh
{"title":"Social Determinants of Health, Diabetes, and Pregnancy.","authors":"Christine Field, Kartik K Venkatesh","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001005","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social determinants of health (SDOH) or non-medical social needs are the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, work, live, and age. SDOH can explain, perpetuate, and exacerbate disparities in health outcomes and can be measured at both individual and neighborhood levels. Increasing evidence in pregnancy demonstrate that SDOH are associated with diabetes, glycemic management, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further research is needed to characterize the relationships between SDOH and pregnancy outcomes with diabetes, and to determine whether interventions that mitigate adverse SDOH can result in improved glycemic and pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women living with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HPV-related Vulvar Disease. hpv相关的外阴疾病。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000999
Sumeetha Swaminathan, Jessica Forman, Mary Gail Mercurio
{"title":"HPV-related Vulvar Disease.","authors":"Sumeetha Swaminathan, Jessica Forman, Mary Gail Mercurio","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000999","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide and can play a role in vulvar disease. This review provides a clinically relevant summary of our current understanding of the virology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of HPV along with diagnosis and management strategies of condyloma acuminata, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Formal screening and management guidelines for vulvar disease, especially cancer, remain limited, highlighting the need for more robust evidence and consensus. Early recognition, appropriate intervention, integrating close follow-up, and prevention strategies (ie, vaccination) can greatly impact the burden of HPV-associated vulvar diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Practical Tips for Managing Automated Insulin Delivery Systems. 妊娠期1型糖尿病：管理自动胰岛素输送系统的实用技巧。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000993
Nasim C Sobhani, Kelly Engle, Emily A Rosenberg
{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Practical Tips for Managing Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.","authors":"Nasim C Sobhani, Kelly Engle, Emily A Rosenberg","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000993","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000000993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes management has been revolutionized by automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, which are now the preferred method of insulin therapy for nonpregnant people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This chapter provides detailed information regarding AID systems to assist clinicians in supporting the growing population of gravidas with T1D who elect for off-label use of AID systems in pregnancy. First, we review the details of the 5 AID systems that are currently available for use in the United States, including unique features of each system and how they vary with regards to delivery of basal, prandial, and correctional insulin. Second, we summarize the evidence from observational and interventional studies examining the use of these systems in the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. Finally, we provide practical tips regarding use of AID systems in pregnancy, with a focus on assistive techniques that can support the unique demands of gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"The Lichens". “地衣”。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001002
Leah McAleer, Sydney Rivera Dixon, Melissa M Mauskar
{"title":"\"The Lichens\".","authors":"Leah McAleer, Sydney Rivera Dixon, Melissa M Mauskar","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001002","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) and lichen planus (LP) are chronic inflammatory dermatoses that significantly impair quality of life through pruritus, pain, sexual dysfunction, and risk of scarring or malignancy. Although they share lichenoid histopathologic features, LS primarily affects keratinized skin, while LP commonly involves mucosal surfaces and may present with erosive, papulosquamous, or hypertrophic variants. Disease underrecognition often delays diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, and management of vulvar LS and LP, highlighting distinguishing features, areas of diagnostic overlap, and best practices to optimize outcomes and prevent long-term complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutrition Considerations for Diabetes Management in Pregnancy. 妊娠期糖尿病管理的营养考虑。
IF 1.4 4区 医学
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000001016
Wendy Tian, Amy M Valent
{"title":"Nutrition Considerations for Diabetes Management in Pregnancy.","authors":"Wendy Tian, Amy M Valent","doi":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001016","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GRF.0000000000001016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional health is the foundation of effective diabetes management. Historically and continuing into current practice, dietary interventions have focused on reducing overall carbohydrate intake to achieve glycemic targets. While this approach can support glycemic control, it may inadvertently lead to reduced energy intake and an increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence-based dietary patterns such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean approaches have demonstrated positive effects on perinatal outcomes and offer safe, balanced frameworks that promote adequate macronutrient and micronutrient intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":10415,"journal":{"name":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","volume":" ","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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