Clinical Neuroradiology最新文献

{"title":"Detailed Anatomy of Bridging Veins Around the Foramen Magnum: a Multicenter Study Using Three-dimensional Angiography.","authors":"Masafumi Hiramatsu, Tomohiko Ozaki, Shuichi Tanoue, Katsuhiro Mizutani, Hajime Nakamura, Kohei Tokuyama, Hiroyuki Sakata, Yuji Matsumaru, Ichiro Nakahara, Yasunari Niimi, Toshiyuki Fujinaka, Hiro Kiyosue","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01327-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01327-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>There has been limited literature regarding the bridging veins (BVs) of the medulla oblongata around the foramen magnum (FM). The present study aims to analyze the normal angioarchitecture of the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images of three-dimensional (3D) angiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected 3D angiography data of posterior fossa veins and analyzed the BVs around the FM using slab MIP images. We analyzed the course, outlet, and number of BVs around the FM. We also examined the detection rate and mean diameter of each BV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 57 patients, 55 patients (96%) had any BV. The median number of BVs was two (range: 0-5). The BVs originate from the perimedullary veins and run anterolaterally to join the anterior condylar vein (ACV), inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, or jugular bulb, inferolaterally to join the suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS), laterally or posterolaterally to join the marginal sinus (MS), and posteriorly to join the MS or occipital sinus. We classified BVs into five subtypes according to the draining location: ACV, jugular foramen (JF), MS, SCS, and cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC). ACV, JF, MS, SCS, and CMC BVs were detected in 11 (19%), 18 (32%), 32 (56%), 20 (35%), and 16 (28%) patients, respectively. The mean diameter of the BVs other than CMC was 0.6 mm, and that of CMC BV was 0.8 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using venous data from 3D angiography, we detected FM BVs in most cases, and the BVs were connected in various directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10326499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Protection Combined Aspiration and Stentrievers Thrombectomy (DPCAS) Technique Treating for Giant Free-floating Carotid Artery Thrombus.","authors":"Kun-Xin Lin, Qian-Qian Lin, Ling Fang, Wei Wang, Ning Wang, Wen-Long Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01341-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01341-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"269-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic Air Embolisms During Endovascular Interventions: Impact of Origin and Number of Air Bubbles on Cerebral Infarctions.","authors":"Tabea C Schaefer, Svenja Greive, Stine Mencl, Sabine Heiland, Martin Kramer, Markus A Möhlenbruch, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Martin Bendszus, Dominik F Vollherbst","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01347-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01347-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cerebral infarctions caused by air embolisms (AE) are a feared risk in endovascular procedures; however, the relevance and pathophysiology of these AEs is still largely unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the origin (aorta, carotid artery or right atrium) and number of air bubbles on cerebral infarctions in an experimental in vivo model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 20 rats 1200 or 2000 highly calibrated micro air bubbles (MAB) with a size of 85 µm were injected at the aortic valve (group Ao), into the common carotid artery (group CA) or into the right atrium (group RA) using a microcatheter via a transfemoral access, resembling endovascular interventions in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 9.4T system was performed 1 h after MAB injection followed by finalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number (5.5 vs. 5.5 median) and embolic patterns of infarctions did not significantly differ between groups Ao and CA. The number of infarctions were significantly higher comparing 2000 and 1200 injected MABs (6 vs. 4.5; p < 0.001). The infarctions were significantly larger for group CA (median infarction volume: 0.41 mm³ vs. 0.19 mm³; p < 0.001). In group RA and in the control group no infarctions were detected. Histopathological analyses showed early signs of ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iatrogenic AEs originating at the ascending aorta cause a similar number and pattern of cerebral infarctions compared to those with origin at the carotid artery. These findings underline the relevance and potential risk of AE occurring during endovascular interventions at the aortic valve and ascending aorta.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10519923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Here to Stay: The Journey of \"Junge Neuroradiologie\" Has Only Just Begun.","authors":"Daniel P O Kaiser","doi":"10.1007/s00062-024-01387-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-024-01387-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139569371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographical Distribution of Neuroanatomical Abnormalities Following COVID-19 Invasion : A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Ceyda Kiyak, Ogochukwu Ann Ijezie, Joseph A Ackah, Matthew Armstrong, Jake Cowen, Deniz Cetinkaya, Hana Burianová, Theophilus N Akudjedu","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01344-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01344-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review is aimed at synthesising the literature base to date on the frequency and topographical distribution of neuroanatomical changes seen on imaging following COVID-19 invasion with a focus on both the acute and chronic phases of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 8 databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published from December 2019 to March 2022 and supplemented with a manual reference search. Data were extracted from the included studies and narrative synthesis was employed to integrate the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised 119,307 participants (including 31,073 acute and 143 long COVID-19 patients manifesting neurological alterations) and controls. Considerable variability in both the localisation and nature of neuroanatomical abnormalities are noted along the continuum with a wide range of neuropathologies relating to the cerebrovascular/neurovascular system, (sub)cortical structures (including deep grey and white matter structures), brainstem, and predominant regional and/or global alterations in the cerebellum with varying degrees of spinal involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Structural regional alterations on neuroimaging are frequently demonstrated in both the acute and chronic phases of SARS-CoV‑2 infection, particularly prevalent across subcortical, prefrontal/frontal and cortico-limbic brain areas as well as the cerebrovascular/neurovascular system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the acute and chronic effects of the virus on the nervous system and has the potential to provide information on acute and long-term treatment and neurorehabilitation decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"13-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Experience of Treatment of Multiple Shrapnel Traumatic Pseudoaneurysms During the War in Ukraine Using Tegus Telemedical System.","authors":"Dmytro Shchehlov, Mykola Vyval, Adnan H Siddiqui, Rene Chapot, Oleksandr Pastushyn, Oleksandr Hnelytsia, Jens Fiehler, Vladimir Kalousek, Anna A Kyselyova","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01319-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01319-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"263-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9699077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonenhanced Photon Counting CT of the Head : Impact of the keV Level, Iterative Reconstruction and Calvaria on Image Quality in Monoenergetic Images.","authors":"Arwed Elias Michael, Denise Schoenbeck, Matthias Michael Woeltjen, Jan Boriesosdick, Jan Robert Kroeger, Christoph Moenninghoff, Sebastian Horstmeier, Julius Henning Niehoff, Christoph Kabbasch, Lukas Goertz, Jan Borggrefe","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01331-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01331-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head is among the most commonly performed CT examinations. The spectral information acquired by photon counting CT (PCCT) allows generation of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). At the same time, image noise can be reduced using quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR). In this study, the image quality of VMI was evaluated depending on the keV level and the QIR level. Furthermore, the influence of the cranial calvaria was investigated to determine the optimal reconstruction for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 51 PCCT (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) of the head were retrospectively analyzed. In a quantitative analysis, gray and white matter ROIs were evaluated in different brain areas at all available keV levels and QIR levels with respect to signal, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The distance to the cranial calvaria of the ROIs was included in the analysis. This was followed by a qualitative reading by five radiologists including experienced neuroradiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In most ROIs, signal and noise varied significantly between keV levels (p < 0.0001). The CNR had a focal maximum at 66 keV and an absolute maximum at higher keV, slightly differently located depending on ROI and QIR level. With increasing QIR level, a significant reduction in noise was achieved (p < 0.0001) except just beneath the cranial calvaria. The cranial calvaria had a strong effect on the signal (p < 0.0001) but not on gray and white matter noise. In the qualitative reading, the 60 keV VMI was rated best.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In nonenhanced PCCT of the head the selected keV level of the VMI and the QIR level have a crucial influence on image quality in VMI. The 60 keV and 66 keV VMI with high QIR level provided optimal subjective and objective image quality for clinical use. The cranial calvaria has a significant influence on the visualization of the adjacent brain matter; currently, this substantially limits the use of low keV VMIs (< 60 keV).</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Neurovascular Imaging Using Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography Angiography.","authors":"Felix A Ucar, Marius Frenzel, Andrea Kronfeld, Sebastian Altmann, Antoine P Sanner, Mario Alberto Abello Mercado, Timo Uphaus, Marc A Brockmann, Ahmed E Othman","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01348-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01348-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate diagnostic image quality of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography angiography (UHR-CTA) in neurovascular imaging as compared to normal resolution CT-angiography (NR-CTA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective single-center study brain and neck CT-angiography was performed using an ultra-high-resolution computed tomography scanner (n = 82) or a normal resolution CT scanner (NR-CTA; n = 73). Ultra-high-resolution images were reconstructed with a 1024 × 1024 matrix and a slice thickness of 0.25 mm, whereas NR-CT images were reconstructed with a 512 × 512 matrix and a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. Three blinded neuroradiologists assessed overall image quality, artifacts, image noise, overall contrast and diagnostic confidence using a 4-point Likert scale. Furthermore, the visualization and delineation of supra-aortic arteries with an emphasis on the visualization of small intracerebral vessels was assessed using a cerebral vascular score, also utilizing a 4-point Likert scale. Quantitative analyses included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), noise and the steepness of gray value transition. Radiation exposure was determined by comparison of computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and mean effective dose. Interrater agreement was evaluated via determining Fleiss-Kappa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ultra-high-resolution CT-angiography (UHR-CTA) yielded excellent image quality with superior quantitative (SNR: p < 0.001, CNR: p < 0.001, steepness of gray value transition: p < 0.001) and qualitative results (overall image quality: 4 (Inter quartile range (IQR) = 4-4); p < 0.001, diagnostic confidence: 4 (IQR = 4-4); p < 0.001) compared to NR-CT (overall image quality: 3 (IQR = 3-3), diagnostic confidence: 3 (IQR = 3-4)). Furthermore, UHR-CT enabled significantly superior delineation and visualization of all vascular segments, from proximal extracranial vessels to the smallest peripheral cerebral branches (e.g.</p><p><strong>, uhr-cta pica: </strong>4 (3-4) vs. NR-CTA PICA: 3 (2-3); UHR-CTA P4: 4 (IQR = 3-4) vs. NR-CTA P4: 2 (IQR = 2-3); UHR-CTA M4: 4 (IQR = 4-4) vs. NR-CTA M4: 3 (IQR = 2-3); UHR-CTA A4: 4 (IQR = 3-4) vs. NR-CTA A4: 2 (IQR = 2-3); all p < 0.001). Noteworthy, a reduced mean effective dose was observed when applying UHR-CT (NR-CTA: 1.8 ± 0.3 mSv; UHR-CTA: 1.5 ± 0.5 mSv; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultra-high-resolution CT-angiography improves image quality in neurovascular imaging allowing the depiction and evaluation of small peripheral cerebral arteries. It may thus improve the detection of pathologies in small cerebrovascular lesions and the resulting diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41193602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of New Cerebral Microbleeds After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhenxiang Zhan, Fangwang Fu, Wenyuan Zhang, Zicheng Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01357-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01357-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are common in the elderly population, and are associated with an increased risk of stroke and dementia. An acute ischemic stroke event can make CMBs develop rapidly. However, the progression of CMBs after intravenous thrombolysis is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a previously registered protocol, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched to identify relevant literature up to August 2022. Cohort studies that reported new CMBs in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intravenous thrombolysis were included. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies with 1079 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled new CMBs prevalence was 7.6% (95% CI 3.9-14.3%) and 63.6% new CMBs were located in the cerebral lobes. Compared with patients without new CMBs, those with new CMBs were older, had a higher proportion of hypertension, and had higher systolic blood pressure and baseline CMBs burden. The presence of new CMBs increased the likelihood of remote intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 28.75, 95% CI 8.58-96.38) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 15.49, 95% CI 3.21-74.73) but was not related to functional outcomes or hemorrhagic transformation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of new CMBs after intravenous thrombolysis was approximately 7.6%. The presence of new CMBs is associated with remote and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis. Considering the potential long-term adverse effects of CMBs progression, patients at a high risk of developing new CMBs should be identified based on potential risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49674985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients According to Advanced Imaging Characteristics.","authors":"Morin Beyeler, Fabienne Pohle, Loris Weber, Madlaine Mueller, Christoph C Kurmann, Adnan Mujanovic, Leander Clénin, Eike Immo Piechowiak, Thomas Raphael Meinel, Philipp Bücke, Simon Jung, David Seiffge, Sara M Pilgram-Pastor, Tomas Dobrocky, Marcel Arnold, Jan Gralla, Urs Fischer, Pasquale Mordasini, Johannes Kaesmacher","doi":"10.1007/s00062-023-01337-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00062-023-01337-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Data on long-term effect of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large ischemic cores (≥ 70 ml) are scarce. Our study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes in MT-patients according to baseline advanced imaging parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study of stroke patients receiving MT between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. We assessed baseline imaging to determine core and mismatch volumes and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (with low ratio reflecting good collateral status) using RAPID automated post-processing software. Main outcomes were cross-sectional long-term mortality, functional outcome and quality of life by May 2020. Analysis were stratified by the final reperfusion status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 519 patients were included of whom 288 (55.5%) have deceased at follow-up (median follow-up time 28 months, interquartile range 1-55). Successful reperfusion was associated with lower long-term mortality in patients with ischemic core volumes ≥ 70 ml (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.10-0.44) and ≥ 100 ml (aHR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08-0.87). The effect of successful reperfusion on long-term mortality was significant only in the presence of relevant mismatch (aHR 0.17; 95% CI 0.01-0.44). Increasing reperfusion grade was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcomes (mRS 0-3) also in patients with ischemic core volume ≥ 70 ml (aOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.64-7.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated a sustainable benefit of better reperfusion status in patients with large ischemic core volumes. Our results suggest that patient deselection based on large ischemic cores alone is not advisable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10391,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuroradiology","volume":" ","pages":"105-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10881753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10109406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}