{"title":"A tightly coupled finite field arithmetic hardware in an FPGA-based embedded processor core for elliptic curve cryptography","authors":"M. Khalil-Hani, Arif Irwansyah, Y. Hau","doi":"10.1504/IJICT.2009.026430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJICT.2009.026430","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the implementation of a tightly-coupled hardware architectural enhancement to the Altera FPGA-based Nios II embedded processor. The goal is to accelerate finite field arithmetic operations in the binary fields of F2 163 and F2 193, for application in a high-performance embedded system implementing elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC). The concept is to augment the embedded processor with a few custom instructions for fast finite field arithmetic operations. Instead of a co-processor, hardware acceleration of the arithmetic operation is provided by custom logic tightly coupled to the processor core and directly controlled by the instruction stream. This concept, which may be considered as a hardware-software codesign approach, is evaluated by prototyping an elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) on an Altera Stratix FPGA development board. Experimental results show that for the point multiplication operation, which is the core operation in an ECC computation, the implementation with custom instructions and tightly-coupled hardware is about 50% faster than the coprocessor based hardware.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132589541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and implementation of Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks for ECG home health monitoring","authors":"R. Rashid, M. Rahim, M. Sarijari, N. Mahalin","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786688","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor network, in the form of wireless biomedical sensor network (WBSN), composed of a number of biomedical sensor nodes and multihop networking capability that can be deployed for long term and continuous healthcare monitoring. Physiological signals (ECG, EEG etc) will be measured by the biosensors that provide alerts immediately when abnormalities in a patient's physiological condition are detected. Development of wearable biomedical sensors within a wireless infrastructure opens up possibilities for smart home care by providing ubiquitous monitoring of patients under their physiological states even when they move, leading to better quality of patient care. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of wireless biomedical sensor network (WBSN) node platform featuring a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller, an IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver and a compact ECG sensor that does not require skin preparation, gels, or adhesives. The developed platform is cost-effective and allows easy customization, energy-efficient computation and communication.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125733624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model reference adaptive control with Adaptive Parametric Black Box Controller","authors":"N. Ahmed, M. Y. Mashor, A. H. Adom","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786738","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method for adapting conventional controller are used to adapt an adaptive parametric black box controller (APBB). The APBB controller will be adapted such that the plant should follow a desired trajectory which is given by a reference model. The parameters of APBB controller are estimated by using recursive least square method. The estimation goal is for the parameters to converge to ideal values that cause the plant response to match the response of the reference model. The output of the system is compared to a desired response from a reference model. The control parameters are update based on this error. Simulation results discover that APBB controller is adequate to control both linear dependent and independent structure with unpredictable conditions and disturbances.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mahdiraji, A. M. Mohammadi, A. Abas, M. Mokhtar, M. Abdullah
{"title":"A novel economical duty cycle division multiplexing with electrical multiplexer and demultiplexer for optical communication systems","authors":"G. Mahdiraji, A. M. Mohammadi, A. Abas, M. Mokhtar, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.1504/IJICT.2009.026427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJICT.2009.026427","url":null,"abstract":"A duty cycle division multiplexing (DCDM) is proposed as an alternative multiplexing technique. It can be applied in either wired or wireless communication systems, although the focus in this paper is in optical fiber communications. The channel multiplexing and demultiplexing is performed electrically at single user bit rate which is very economic. In this paper, we examine 3 channels each operating at 10 Gb/s over a single optical carrier. The performance comparison is made against return-to-zero (RZ) transmitted pulses. Back-to-back receiver sensitivity and required optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of this system are examined and compared with 10 Gb/s RZ pulses. Effect of the chromatic dispersion is tested for DCDM channels and compared with 30 Gb/s RZ coding at the same transmission power. Also, the launched power of these two techniques is measured against system dispersion at BER of 10-9. The results show that, DCDM can support higher amount of chromatic dispersion than that RZ technique. In the end, receiver sensitivity and OSNR of 3-channel DCDM is tested at different bit rate of 2.5, 10, 25 and 40 Gb/s. A receiver sensitivity and OSNR of -16.8 dBm and 34.6 dB is required for the worst DCDM user when the system running at 3 times 40 Gb/s respectively.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A parametric study of broadband Planar Inverted F antenna (PIFA) for WLAN application","authors":"A. Azremi, N. A. Saidatul, R. Ahmad, P. Soh","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786690","url":null,"abstract":"A novel of comprehensive study and useful information for the design of broadband planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is proposed. The antenna including the ground plane has a total dimension 6 mm times 70 mm times 30 mm has been optimized to be operating within WLAN application standards. The size of this antenna makes it ideally suitable for handheld wireless communicators. The physical parameters of the antenna, including shorting plate width, antenna height and ground plane dimensions, are studied. The influence of various parameters on antenna characteristics has been investigated using simulation software tool. By understanding the effect of each parameter, a novel comprehensive study for a better design of broadband PIFA is proposed. These results are very useful in the design of PIFA.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of 12-bit, 1.8V current steering digital-to-analog converter","authors":"B. Naik, R. Rao, P. Chandrasekhar","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786676","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a 12-bit, 100-MSample/s current-steering CMOS D/A converter for wireless communication terminals is presented. Current steering DAC is used since, it is inherently fast and can drive the resistive load without using an output buffer. A segmented architecture is proposed to attain the required speed and accuracy. The INL and DNL of the DAC is less than 1LSB and is around 0.6 and 0.2 LSB respectively. The main objective is to reduce the effects of voltage drops (IR drops) along power supplies, which cause random errors in the design of current source. To reduce these effects of IR drops a 3-dimensional, H-shaped wiring is proposed which provides equal distribution of voltages to each current source. The DAC is implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS technology, and operates at a low supply voltage of 1.8 V.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117214535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Embedded System for Grid Handtop Computing (ESGHC)","authors":"L. Yong, Wongok Lee, M. A. Osman, C. Yong","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786756","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design of the embedded system for grid handtop computing (ESGHC), the implementation and the methods used in ESGHC. ESGHC applies the grid computing technology which is built under a grid environment for handtop devices. By having ESGHC, sharing of handtop devices in terms of computational power and storage are virtually possible. Besides, grid services can be accessed everywhere at any time through handtop devices. This research aims at applying the mobile grid technology to the medical line.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124372512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sazali Yaacob, H. Desa, Wan Mohd Ridzuan Wan Ab Majid
{"title":"Extraction of head and hand gesture features for recognition of sign language","authors":"Sazali Yaacob, H. Desa, Wan Mohd Ridzuan Wan Ab Majid","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786633","url":null,"abstract":"Sign language is the primary communication method that impaired hearing people used in their daily life. Sign language recognition has gained a lot of attention recently by researchers in computer vision. Sign language recognition systems in general require the knowledge of the hand's position, shape, motion, orientation and facial expression. In this paper we present a simple method for converting sign language into voice signals using features obtained from head and hand gestures which can be used by hearing impaired person to communicate with an ordinary person. A simple feature extraction method based on the area of the objects in a binary image and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is proposed for extracting the features from the video sign language. A simple neural network models is developed for the recognition of gestures using the features computed from the video stream. An audio system is installed to play the particular word corresponding to the gestures. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed neural network models is about 91%.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Venugopalachary, V. Vireen, G. Seetharaman, B. Venkataramani
{"title":"ASIC implementation of self tuned wave-pipelined circuits","authors":"N. Venugopalachary, V. Vireen, G. Seetharaman, B. Venkataramani","doi":"10.1109/ICED.2008.4786695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICED.2008.4786695","url":null,"abstract":"Wave-pipelining is a technique used in digital systems to achieve maximal rate operation. Higher operating frequencies can be achieved in wave-pipelined digital circuits, by adjusting the clock periods and clock skews so as to latch the output of combinational logic circuits at the stable periods. In the literature, only trial and error and manual procedures are adopted for the choice of the optimum value of the clock frequency and clock skew between input and output registers of the wave-pipelined circuits. The major contribution of this paper is the proposal for automating the above procedure for the ASIC implementation of wave-pipelined circuits. For the purpose of verification, filters using the distributed arithmetic algorithm are implemented. To test the efficacy of the proposed scheme, filters with different taps are implemented by adopting three schemes: wave-pipelining, pipelining and non-pipelining. From the implementation results, it is observed that the wave-pipelined circuits are 21-29% faster compared to non-pipelined circuits. The pipelined circuits are 22-48% faster compared to wave-pipelined circuits but at the cost of about 18-28% increase in area. At normalized frequency, the pipelined circuits are found to be dissipating 3% more power than the wave-pipelined circuits.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experiments on data processing algorithms: Energy efficiency of wireless and untethered Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based embedded systems","authors":"P. Czapski, A. Sluzek","doi":"10.1504/IJICT.2009.026425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJICT.2009.026425","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present preliminary results regarding data processing approach to energy efficiency of wireless and untethered field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based embedded systems. Re-configurability of FPGA allows for significant flexibility in its applications to embedded systems. However, high power consumption (caused by such flexibility) influences the designing process significantly. Moreover, radio communication adds additional power consumption to the overall energy budget. We present few ideas (addressing local data processing versus communicating processed data) that are envisaged to decrease the total energy spent on communicating data bits. Energy efficiency is addressed on the high-level of the designing process (the system-level). It is envisaged that results of our experiments can be also applied to other embedded systems applications, not limited to FPGA-based only.","PeriodicalId":103889,"journal":{"name":"2008 International Conference on Electronic Design","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115022757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}