Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2385536
Laura Mérida-Herrera, Isabel Cabrera, Inés García-Batalloso, Laura Gallego-Alberto, Javier Olazarán, Andrés Losada-Baltar, María Márquez-González
{"title":"Ambivalent Feelings and Relationship Quality in Dementia Family Caregivers: Associations with Depressive Symptomatology.","authors":"Laura Mérida-Herrera, Isabel Cabrera, Inés García-Batalloso, Laura Gallego-Alberto, Javier Olazarán, Andrés Losada-Baltar, María Márquez-González","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2024.2385536","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2024.2385536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ambivalent feelings in dementia family caregivers have been found to be related to caregivers´ stress associated with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD-related stress), and depressive symptoms. Ambivalent feelings may also affect caregivers´ perceived quality of the relationship with the person living with dementia (PLwD), but this variable has been scarcely studied. This study analyzes the role of ambivalent feelings in the association between caregivers' BPSD-related stress, perceived quality of the relationship with the PLwD, and depressive symptomatology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A theoretical model was developed and tested in a sample of 390 family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained tested model had an excellent fit to the data, explaining 24% of the variance of depressive symptomatology. A significant association was found between caregivers' BPSD-related stress, ambivalent feelings, and depressive symptomatology. Also, an indirect effect in the association between ambivalent feelings and depressive symptomatology was found through the perceived quality of the relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ambivalent feelings in dementia family caregivers are associated with caregivers' BPSD-related stress, perception of a lower relationship quality, and higher depressive symptomatology.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Targeting caregivers' ambivalent feelings and the quality of the relationship in interventions for dementia family caregivers may decrease their distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1216-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2025.2580569
Hrafnhildur Eymundsdóttir, Sigurveig H Sigurðardóttir, Alfons Ramel, Pálmi V Jónsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Lenore Launer, Milan Chang
{"title":"Social Support/Network and Depressive Symptoms Among Community- Dwelling Older Adults During 5 Years of Follow-Up.","authors":"Hrafnhildur Eymundsdóttir, Sigurveig H Sigurðardóttir, Alfons Ramel, Pálmi V Jónsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Lenore Launer, Milan Chang","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2580569","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2580569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Examine different sources of social support/network depending on depressive symptoms among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from two waves of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility - Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik): Wave I (2002-2006, <i>N</i> = 5.764) and Wave II (2007-2011, <i>N</i> = 3.316). Seven questions (meet with friends/children feeling close to family/friends telephone children/friends living alone were used as: single question (social support)/social network score (SNS). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) screened for depressive symptoms, recoded as: low score (GDS score < 6) and high score (GDS score ≥6). Longitudinal linear regression assessed associations between social questions and GDS score at follow-up among low and high depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among low depressive symptoms (mean age 77) decrease in depressive symptoms was found for those meeting with children (β: -0.439, <i>p</i> = .007); friends (β: -0.288, <i>p</i> = .002); feeling close to family (β: -0.232, <i>p</i> ≤ .001) and friends (β: -0.217, <i>p</i> = .009). Among high depressive symptoms (mean age 78) decrease in depressive symptoms was when telephoning children (β: -4.679, <i>p</i> = .002); meeting with children (β: -2.725, <i>p</i> = .018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In older community-dwelling adults regular social support decreases depressive symptoms with most meaningful support arriving from children and friends.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Incorporating social network assessments into routine geriatric evaluations could help identify individuals at higher risk of developing or sustaining depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1411-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Paradox of Filial Piety: A Review of Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults.","authors":"Josily Achamma Mathew, Vijayalaya Srinivas Thiagarajan","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2664050","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2664050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Modern society is witnessing socio-cultural shifts that challenge traditional familial virtues and intergenerational relationships. A similar Confucian family virtue is Filial piety, which emphasizes care, respect, and obedience toward older parents. However, changing family dynamics have led to filial discrepancies - the gap between expected and actual support from children, which may have significant psychological implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and SpringerLink were searched for relevant publications within the last 15-year period (2011-2025). The articles were collected using Zotero, and the rigor of the selected articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies highlighted a strong association of filial discrepancies with late-life depressive symptomology and loneliness. Across studies, the quality of parent-child relations has been observed to outweigh physical proximity. Perceived inadequacy of support from children was linked to intense psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Filial discrepancies and their psychological interpretations appear to be associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness among older adults. Relational reciprocity and emotionally meaningful intergenerational bonds are of utmost importance.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>The findings suggest that filial piety may represent an important factor for clinicians to consider when working with older adults in Confucian cultural contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1115-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy and Acceptability of the Empowered Caregiver Program on Caregivers of People Living with Dementia.","authors":"Katherine Judge, Claire Grant, Lauren Stratton, Ilya Yaroslavsky, Monica Moreno, Karen Elliott, Sam Fazio","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2684972","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2684972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a two-session online program, The Empowered Caregiver, for caregivers of people living with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial (RCT) research design was used to examine efficacy with caregivers randomly assigned to the program (<i>n</i> = 219) or wait-list control (<i>n</i> = 219) conditions. Self-reported data were collected at three timepoints: baseline, after program completion, and 45 days post-completion. Program content areas included: caregiving supports, independence, communication, and dementia behaviors. Acceptability data was collected by program participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements after completing the program and short-term maintenance 45 days post-program completion were found for self-efficacy, emotional health strain, role captivity, mastery, personal gain, unmet needs distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, behavioral intentions and actions. The majority of participants (55%) attended both sessions; 74% attended one session; and 26% did not attend either session. Participants evaluated the program as highly acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicated that The Empowered Caregiver was efficacious in improving outcomes along with short-term maintenance across outcomes and was viewed as a very acceptable approach.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>The two-session protocol delivered online by volunteer community educators serves as a model for developing and implementing pragmatic and scalable educational and skill-building programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-29DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2025.2526629
Fang Chen, Shihua Pan, Jing Mei, Xiaomin Ding, Huimin Sun
{"title":"Profiles of Family Caregivers for Patients with Dementia in China: Implications for Tailored Intervention Development.","authors":"Fang Chen, Shihua Pan, Jing Mei, Xiaomin Ding, Huimin Sun","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2526629","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2526629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify psychological profiles of Chinese dementia caregivers and examine how socio-demographic factors influence high-risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 209 primary family caregivers were assessed using validated scales measuring caregiver stress, negative emotions, and cognitive/affective empathy. Latent profile analysis classified caregivers based on these measures, and multinomial logistic regression identified predictors of profile group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four profiles emerged: (1) Rational (7%: low stress/negative emotions, high cognitive empathy); (2) Adaptive (36%: moderate stress, balanced empathy); (3) Substantial Stress - High Affective Empathy (45%: near-clinical stress (CPSS = 29.59), high affective empathy); and (4) High Stress - Low Cognitive Empathy (12%: extreme stress (CPSS = 37.24), lowest cognitive empathy). Lack of caregiving assistance increased odds of high-risk profiles (OR = 6.09 and 4.84, <i>p</i> <.05). Low income strongly predicted membership in High Stress-Low Cognitive Empathy group (OR = 8.03, <i>p</i> = .006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over half of the caregivers (57%) fall into high-risk profiles characterized by dominance affective empathy, with systemic factors (e.g. lack of assistance and low income) exacerbating vulnerability. Cultural norms (e.g. filial piety) may contribute to these psychological patterns.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Targeted cognitive empathy training for high-affective-empathy profile, income-based subsidies and respite care and culturally adapted interventions (e.g. reframing filial responsibility as shared duty) are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1262-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2025.2577681
Chun Wang, Jiashuang Xu, Yiqun Dong, Ge Tian, Jing An, Yue Zhang, Lin Zhang, Leilei Guo
{"title":"The Influence of Trait Anxiety on Sleep Disorders in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Mediating Roles of Self-Perceived Aging and Loneliness.","authors":"Chun Wang, Jiashuang Xu, Yiqun Dong, Ge Tian, Jing An, Yue Zhang, Lin Zhang, Leilei Guo","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2577681","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2025.2577681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the impact of trait anxiety on sleep disorders within a community-dwelling older adult population, examining the mediating effects of self-perceived aging and loneliness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 374 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 73.30 ± 7.56 years; 179 males, 47.9%; 195 females, 52.1%), residing in Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China, were recruited. A battery of assessments, including a demographic questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, was administered to the cohort. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0 and PROCESS version 4.0 macro, enabling the computation of descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, and multiple mediation models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found a statistically significant positive correlation between trait anxiety and sleep disorders in older adults. Moreover, the mediating roles of self-perceived aging and loneliness in the relationship between trait anxiety and sleep disorders were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults with trait anxiety have relatively poor sleep conditions. Negative self-perceived aging and feelings of loneliness are key mediating factors.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>To improve the sleep health of older adults in the community, intervention measures should focus on their psychological state, such as alleviating trait anxiety and reducing self-perceived aging and feelings of loneliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1478-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Moderating Effect of Aging Attitudes on the Cross-Lagged Relationship Between Depression and Loneliness: A RI-CLPM Study.","authors":"Ruike Sheng, Xingzhe Wu, Tianyi Wu, Zh Yeng Chong, Wei Xu","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2624431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2624431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Loneliness and depression are prevalent, mutually reinforcing mental health concerns in older adults. Identifying psychological resources, such as aging attitudes, that may moderate loneliness--depression relationships is crucial. This study investigated this relationship in older adults and the moderating effects of aging attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This one-year, three-wave longitudinal study of 437 older adults was analyzed using a Bayesian random intercept cross-lagged panel model to examine the relationships between loneliness and depression, with aging attitude as a stable moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random intercept cross-lagged analysis revealed that, at the between-person level, positive aging attitudes were associated with lower trait-level loneliness and depression. At the within-person level, depression exhibited a significant negative auto-regression effect, whereas loneliness did not. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that increases in depression significantly predicted decreases in subsequent loneliness. Conclusions: Aging attitudes played a complex moderating role. Instead of buffering the consequences of depression, positive attitudes toward aging strengthened the link between within-person fluctuations in depression and subsequent loneliness, a relationship that was absent among individuals with negative attitudes.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Clinicians should assess aging attitudes to tailor interventions, treating loneliness and depression as coupled symptoms in those with positive views, while using targeted strategies for those with negative attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1433-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-04-04DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2026.2655427
Namkee G Choi, C Nathan Marti
{"title":"Types of Social Participation and Self-Reported Loneliness Among Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations.","authors":"Namkee G Choi, C Nathan Marti","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2655427","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2655427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the associations of loneliness with nine types of social participation: social network site visits; video calls with family/friends; in-person visits with family/friends; caregiving; religious service attendance; club meetings; outings for enjoyment; work; and volunteering.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the 2023 and 2024 National Health and Aging Trend Study (<i>N</i> = 7,547 in 2023 [T1], mean age = 75 [<i>SE</i> = 0.11], 55% female, and <i>N</i> = 6,543 in 2024 [T2], mean age = 76 [<i>SE</i> = 0.12]). We fitted linear regression models to examine the research questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Work and volunteering were cross-sectionally associated with lower loneliness at T1, whereas social network site visits were associated with higher loneliness. Continued volunteering over two years and newly initiated video calls with family/friends were associated with lower loneliness at T2, controlling for T1 loneliness and other covariates. The number of social participations was negatively associated with T2 loneliness. In-person visits with family/friends, going out for enjoyment, caregiving, attending religious services, and participating in club meetings were not significantly associated with loneliness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underscore the importance of formal social participation, especially volunteering, and informal social connections, especially video calls with family/friends, in alleviating loneliness.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Opportunities and support for volunteering should be provided to lonely older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1348-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-08-12DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2026.2716157
Burcu Pınar Bulut, Özlem Bozo, Hurigül Bayram Gülaçtı
{"title":"Challenges of Older Adults: The Role of Loneliness Types on Mental Health.","authors":"Burcu Pınar Bulut, Özlem Bozo, Hurigül Bayram Gülaçtı","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2716157","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2716157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Loneliness represents a global concern, particularly in late adulthood. As a multifaceted construct-encompassing social, emotional, and existential dimensions-it has been linked to mental health among older individuals. In the current study, the associations of three loneliness types with depression and anxiety were examined in individuals aged 65 and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred thirty-seven participants who were aged 65 and older (Mean Age = 70.87, <i>SD</i> = 5.55) were included in the analyses. Two hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate which type(s) of loneliness are associated with depression and anxiety after controlling for demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that existential, social, and emotional loneliness were significantly related to depression. Specifically, existential loneliness showed the strongest association with depression. Moreover, only existential loneliness was significantly associated with anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of the current study added substantially to our understanding of differential influences of loneliness types on depression and anxiety in older individuals.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Findings implicated that all loneliness types-but first existential loneliness-should be addressed while working with older adults experiencing depressive symptoms. However, in cases where the primary mental health concern is anxiety, targeted intervention on existential loneliness is especially recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1422-1432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical GerontologistPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-07-15DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2026.2703686
Miho Nakajima
{"title":"Caring for Aging Parents After Childhood Maltreatment: A Qualitative Study of Japanese Adult-Child Caregivers.","authors":"Miho Nakajima","doi":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2703686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07317115.2026.2703686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Research on adult-child caregivers with childhood maltreatment (CM) histories has been conducted predominantly in North America. This qualitative study examined the psychological conflicts and protective factors among Japanese adult-child caregivers with CM histories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Japanese adult-child caregivers (5 men, 5 women; mean age = 60.40, SD = 6.13). Data were analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregiving often reactivated negative childhood emotions, suggesting that unresolved trauma may also be reactivated in East Asian contexts. Even among caregivers with CM histories, those with emotionally responsive childhood memories, rather than material provision alone, maintained positive feelings toward parents that supported caregiving. When such emotional bonds were absent, external social support helped sustain caregiving; however, caregivers without either resource, relying solely on self-demanding beliefs, faced serious health risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reactivation of unresolved childhood experiences during caregiving may occur across cultural contexts, while emotionally responsive childhood memories and external social support are key protective factors enabling continued caregiving.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Healthcare and welfare professionals should recognize that caregivers with CM histories may face hidden vulnerabilities and benefit from proactive, outreach-oriented, and trauma-informed support.</p>","PeriodicalId":10376,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Gerontologist","volume":" ","pages":"1288-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}