Chinese Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"Volumetric flow rate in a pulsatile electroosmotic flow of shear-thinning fluids in parallel-flat plates microchannels","authors":"J. Muñoz ,&nbsp;R. Baños ,&nbsp;J. Arcos ,&nbsp;F. Méndez ,&nbsp;O. Bautista","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we have theoretically determined the flow enhancement (<span><math><mi>I</mi></math></span>) caused by a pulsatile electro-osmotic flow (PEOF) of a shear-thinning fluid in a parallel flat plate microchannel in comparison with that produced by an electroosmotic flow with a constant electric field. We assume that the electrolyte’s viscosity obeys the Carreau model. In this regard, the volumetric flow rate (<span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>) is determined asymptotically and numerically by solving the governing equations in the limit of small and intermediate values of the Carreau number (<span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span>), defined as <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mover><mi>λ</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>ζ</mi><mi>ϵ</mi><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>λ</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>ϵ</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> represent the inverse of a characteristic shear rate at which shear thinning becomes important, the zeta potential, the dielectric permittivity, the strength of the external electric field, the zero-shear rate viscosity, and the microchannel half-height, respectively. Thus, by deriving the relationship <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>−</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></span>, our results show that a PEOF of a fluid whose viscosity obeys the Carreau model leads to notable flow enhancement without requiring a variation in the electric field strength, which could generate Joule heating. Additionally, flow enhancement is influenced by both rheological and electrokinetic parameters. Particularly, it is found that <span><math><mi>I</mi></math></span> increases for decreasing values of the ratio of infinite shear viscosity to zero-shear viscosity, as well as the degree of shear thinning; moreover, the degree of shear thinning leads to a flow enhancement of up to <span><math><mrow><mn>46</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> for the parameters used in this analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1218-1232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillatory Brinkman-micropolar electroosmosis in cylindrical microannuli","authors":"Shreen El-Sapa ,&nbsp;M.S. Faltas ,&nbsp;Kareem E. Ragab","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analytical investigation of unsteady, time-periodic flow in a hydrogel medium confined within a cylindrical microannulus, driven by both a pressure gradient and an externally applied electric field. The hydrogel is modeled as a Brinkman porous matrix saturated with a micropolar fluid. By coupling the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation (Debye-Hückel approximation) with the Brinkman-micropolar momentum equations, closed-form expressions are derived for the axial velocity and microrotation as functions of radial position, time, and key dimensionless parameters. The flow is shown to comprise two independent contributions: a pressure-driven component and an electroosmotic component, each influenced by specific physical mechanisms. Quantitatively, increasing the permeability resistance parameter (<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>) from 0 to 10 reduces the volume flow rate by 89.64 %, the streaming function by 83.63 %, while increasing microrotation strength by 62.05 %. Raising the micropolar coupling number (<span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span>) from 0.1 to 0.9 leads to a 38.20 % decrease in flow rate, a 165.55 % increase in the streaming function, and a 28.43 % rise in microrotation. Frequency effects are especially pronounced: increasing the forcing frequency parameter (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>) from 0.5 to 50 results in a 99.98 % drop in flow rate, a 100 % increase in the streaming function, and a 99.9997 % rise in microrotation. The electrokinetic width (<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>) is a dominant tuning parameter-doubling <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> from 10 to 20 leads to a 581.94 % increase in flow rate, and 315.86 % in the streaming function. The analysis also reveals how zeta potential asymmetry (<span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>≠</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) enables precise flow control, including reversal. All classical limiting cases-Newtonian, purely pressure-driven, and steady electroosmotic-are exactly recovered, validating the model. These findings provide quantitative guidelines for the design of hydrogel-based microfluidic systems where electrokinetic and microstructural effects critically influence transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1464-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing trajectory-based determinism via probability distributions","authors":"Matheus V. Scherer ,&nbsp;Alexandre D. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Renato M. Angelo","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is notorious that quantum mechanics cannot predict well-defined values for all physical quantities. Less well-known, however, is the fact that quantum mechanics is unable to furnish—without additional assumptions—probabilistic predictions even in emblematic scenarios such as the double-slit experiment. In contrast, trajectory-equipped theories naturally have more predictive power. This work formalizes the aforementioned assertions and illustrates them through three case studies: (i) free particle, (ii) free fall under a uniform gravitational field, and (iii) the double-slit experiment. Specifically, we introduce a prescription for constructing an arrival-time probability distribution within generic trajectory-equipped theories and then derive a conditional probability distribution that is unreachable by quantum mechanics. Our results can, in principle, be tested experimentally, thereby assessing the validity of trajectory-based determinism without the need for experiments involving the direct measurement of arrival time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1199-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring nonlinear dynamics and soliton structures in the spin reduced Hirota-Maxwell-Bloch system via Atangana’s conformable operator","authors":"Sonia Akram ,&nbsp;Mati Ur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we analyze the integrable reduced spin Hirota-Maxwell-Bloch (rsHMB) equation, which is an essential model for femtosecond pulse propagation in vector-soliton interactions, magnetization-reversal phenomena, and erbium-doped fibers, along with Atangana’s conformable derivative, thereby incorporating memory effects into the spin-field coupling. Two analytic techniques are used to construct exact, closed-form solutions: (i) the complete discriminant system method (CDSM) of polynomials, which produces dark, bright, and mixed soliton families together with periodic wave packets, and (ii) a generalized Arnous method that yields novel multi-peak and W-shaped solitary patterns. A subsequent bifurcation analysis reveals a rich hierarchy of dynamical regimes; specifically, elastic-medium stiffness and rippling amplitude emerge as the primary control parameters driving nonlinear free vibration. To chart the transition from order to chaos, we employ a comprehensive set of nonlinear-dynamics diagnostics. Time-series traces, phase portraits, multistability tests, Poincaré sections, and strange-attractor reconstructions expose multiple coexisting attractors and sensitive dependence on distinct initial conditions. Quantitatively, a Lyapunov-exponent spectrum verifies the existence of at least one positive exponent, while power-spectrum densities and return maps exhibit broadband signatures consistent with deterministic chaos. A dedicated sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the butterfly effect, showing that infinitesimal perturbations precipitate markedly various long-term results. These results expand the solution space of the rsHMB system in the context of conformable fractional calculus, identify key mechanical parameters influencing its nonlinear oscillatory structure, and offer clear experimental indicators like bifurcation thresholds, chaotic bandwidths, and fractal attractor patterns for the control and detection of ultrafast spin-photon dynamics in magnetic media and optical fiber applications. The study thus provides both theoretical insight and practical guidelines for the development of high-speed, soliton-based spintronic and photonic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1514-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid direct growth of large–area graphene on quartz via LPCVD for ultrasonic sensing","authors":"Huizhen Hou ,&nbsp;Yingfei Wen ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Songshi Xu ,&nbsp;Qiqian Gao ,&nbsp;Zongwen Li ,&nbsp;Yonghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct and rapid growth of graphene on insulating substrates holds immense significance for various applications, such as optoelectronics and sensors. Here, we report the low–pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) growth of large–area, high–quality graphene on quartz using isopropanol as carbon source. The technique facilitates the rapid deposition of graphene onto transparent quartz substrates, thereby favouring their application in optoelectronic devices. The deposition time for a monolayer graphene film covering the substrate surface is approximately one minute. The prepared graphene films exhibit exceptional surface uniformity, high light transmission and polarization–depedent absorption properties. Moreover, the polarisation absorption properties of graphene have been utilized in sensitive ultrasonic detection. Ultrasonic waves induce changes in the refractive index of the liquid medium, leading to disturbances in the polarisation state and reflected light power from the liquid–quartz interface. This work offers a simple method for large–area graphene growth, explores its use in ultrasonic detection, and will advances graphene’s application in cutting–edge technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1110-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function empirical model considering diffuse reflection polarization","authors":"Pengfei Yang,&nbsp;Yanhui Li,&nbsp;Zhensen Wu,&nbsp;Lu Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) with polarization can comprehensively describe surface scattering phenomena. Empirical models excel at simulating complex light scattering phenomena, but existing polarimetric BRDF (pBRDF) empirical models are relatively scarce. This paper proposes an innovative empirical pBRDF model, which is based on the existing five–parameter semi–empirical BRDF framework and incorporates the Mueller matrix to describe polarization scattering characteristics. The Mueller matrix is closely related to the material's complex refractive index (n, k), but its physical properties conflict with the assumptions of pure empirical models. To resolve this contradiction, this paper derives an empirical expression for the Mueller matrix and validates its effectiveness through experiments. The study finds that this expression can successfully simulate the Mueller matrix. During the construction of the polarization model, the traditional view holds that diffuse reflection light does not have polarization. However, this study finds through experiments that diffuse reflection light actually has polarization characteristics. Based on this, the Mueller matrix for diffuse reflection is derived, and a corresponding empirical model is proposed. By comparing the results of this pBRDF model with experimental data from various materials, it is shown that the model's inversion results align well with the experimental data, providing a new reference for the extraction and recognition of target polarization characteristics in the future. It is expected that this model will have wide applications in various fields. Future research will further optimize and expand the model to adapt to a broader range of scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1135-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear absorption properties of two-dimensional PtSe2 and PtTe2 nanosheets","authors":"QianHou Liu,&nbsp;Shuangjie Li,&nbsp;ZiHan Ren,&nbsp;Fei Xing,&nbsp;Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), PtSe₂ and PtTe₂ exhibit promising nonlinear optical (NLO) properties but lack systematic studies on their nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties. Given that PtSe₂ and PtTe₂ possess an identical hexagonal crystal structure. In this study, we systematically evaluate their NLO properties using open-aperture (OA) Z-scan technique performed at wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. Both materials showed significant two-photon absorption (TPA), with their TPA cross-sections (σ_TPA) increasing trend as decreasing wavelength. The σ_TPA of two-dimensional (2D) PtTe₂ exhibited around one order of magnitude larger than that of 2D PtSe₂ in the ultraviolet (UV) band (355 nm), particularly, indicating a stronger optical limiting (OL) effect. Considering that the structural difference between the two materials primarily arises from anion substitution, we further investigated the superior OL performance of 2D PtTe₂ from the perspective of band structure. This analysis elucidates the underlying physical mechanism associated with band splitting induced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. This study not only advances TMDCs as promising candidates for high-power laser protection, OL devices, and UV photodetection in the NLO field. It also offers valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1121-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometry effects on a micropolar fluid flow in a wavy curved channel","authors":"Nnamdi Fidelis Okechi","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of geometry on the steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with rigid microparticles. The flow is confined within a curved channel characterized by sinusoids defined by amplitude, wavelength and phase shift. Homogeneous boundary conditions are used to express the behaviours of the fluid and particle velocity vectors at the prescribed boundaries. Through the analytical solutions of the flow model, the modification in the flow field due to the effects of the geometric parameters as well as the physical parameters is elucidated. The results notably indicate that, for small relative amplitude and arbitrary wavelength, the presence of boundary waviness can induce an additional component of angular velocity, consequently, the flow is subjected to the influence of more than one length scale parameter. However, for long wavelength and arbitrary amplitude, the mentioned angular velocity component does not exist, and the flow becomes influenced by a single length scale parameter. Furthermore, the presence of microparticles in the fluid reduces its flow when compared to the flow of a Newtonian fluid. Nevertheless, the tendency of the micropolar flow enhancement is observed, depending on the parameters characterizing the rheology of the fluid and geometry of the boundaries of the flow domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1423-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of permeable boundaries and temperature-dependent viscosity on thermal instability in a dusty ferrofluid-saturated porous layer","authors":"Pankaj Kumar,&nbsp;Awneesh Kumar,&nbsp;Mandeep Kaur,&nbsp;Abhishek Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of permeable boundaries on thermal convection in a dusty ferrofluid-saturated porous layer with temperature-dependent viscosity, considering three distinct viscosity variation laws: linear, exponential, and inverse. The incorporation of permeable boundaries and temperature-dependent viscosity introduces a novel theoretical extension to the study of thermal convection in porous dusty ferrofluid systems. A linear stability analysis is performed, and Pellew and Southwell’s technique is employed to validate the principle of exchange of stabilities, confirming that instability occurs via a stationary convection mode. The eigenvalue problem for stationary convection is solved using a single-term Galerkin method. The study investigates the influence of various parameters on the onset of convection under different hydrodynamic conditions, providing key insights into system stability. It is observed that parameters governing boundary permeability (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>k</mi><mn>0</mn><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup></msubsup><mo>,</mo><msubsup><mi>k</mi><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup></msubsup></mrow></math></span>), as well as those characterizing the porous medium (<span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) and the Brinkman number (<span><math><mstyle><mi>Λ</mi></mstyle></math></span>), delay the onset of convection, thereby exerting a stabilizing effect. In contrast, the non-linearity of the magnetization parameter (<span><math><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>) and the dust particles parameter (<span><math><msup><mi>h</mi><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup></msup></math></span>) promote convection, leading to the opposite effect. The temperature-dependent viscosity variation parameter (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>) enhances stability for linear and exponential variations but induces destabilization under inverse variation. Additionally, the influence of these parameters on convection cell size is analyzed. The findings of previous studies are retrieved as special cases within the framework of this analysis, reinforcing the validity of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1328-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility anisotropy and absence of ferroelectric order in the Kitaev spin liquid candidate Na2Co2TeO6","authors":"C. Dhanasekhar ,&nbsp;Monika Jawale ,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar ,&nbsp;D. Chandrasekhar Kakarla ,&nbsp;Sagar Mahapatra ,&nbsp;S.D. Kaushik ,&nbsp;P.D. Babu ,&nbsp;Mitch M.C. Chou ,&nbsp;A. Sundaresan ,&nbsp;H.D. Yang ,&nbsp;A.V. Mahajan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the magnetic, magnetodielectric, and electric polarization properties of single crystals of the Co-based Kitaev Spin Liquid (KSL) candidate Na<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>Co<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>TeO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></math></span> (NCTO). The sample shows magnetic transitions at 26 K, 16 K, and 5 K, consistent with the literature. The magnetic measurements along and perpendicular to the Co-honeycomb planes show a strong anisotropy in susceptibility and in Curie-Weiss (C - W) temperatures. The experimental anisotropic C-W temperatures of NCTO qualitatively match with the theoretical C-W temperatures, calculated by using the HK<span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Γ</mi></mstyle><msup><mstyle><mi>Γ</mi></mstyle><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> model. We find from our temperature and field dependent dielectric and pyroelectric (<span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span>) current studies (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>|</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>⊥</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>) that our single crystal NCTO samples do not have a finite electric polarization below 100 K. These <span><math><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></math></span> studies confirm the absence of a magneto-electric coupling and electric polarization properties in the title compound and suggest that the zig-zag AFM structure is more favorable than the triple-Q structure with AFM Kitaev interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}