Chronobiology International最新文献

{"title":"A machine learning-based analysis of chronotype and sleep quality as predictors of mental distress in university students.","authors":"Ecenur Özkul Erdoğan, Hatice Tuğçe Berberoğlu, Fatma Çiftci, Nazlı Nur Aslan Çin, Banu Bayram","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2693220","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2693220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the combined effects of chronotype, Mediterranean diet adherence, and sleep quality on mental distress in university students, and to identify key predictors through advanced statistical modelling and machine learning approaches. A total of 659 undergraduate students aged 18-30 y in Konya, Türkiye, participated in the study. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Mediterranean diet adherence with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and mental distress with the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ). Pearson correlation analyses, hierarchical regression, and path analysis were conducted to examine associations and potential mediation pathways. Additionally, an explainable XGBoost model with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values was applied to identify the most influential predictors of mental distress. Poorer sleep quality and evening chronotype were significantly associated with higher mental distress. Morning chronotype was positively associated with MEDAS but not with Body Mass Index (BMI). Hierarchical regression indicated that PSQI was the strongest predictor of mental distress, followed by chronotype. Path analysis further revealed that sleep quality significantly mediated the relationship between chronotype and mental distress, whereas Mediterranean diet adherence did not show a mediating effect. The XGBoost model demonstrated robust predictive performance, and SHAP analysis confirmed chronotype and sleep quality as the most influential variables in predicting mental distress. Evening chronotype and poorer sleep quality were associated with higher levels of mental distress in university students, while dietary quality did not show a significant independent association with mental distress in this sample. These findings highlight the importance of interventions focusing on circadian alignment and sleep hygiene to support mental well-being in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1876-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian rhythms in the wild: Skin temperature versus actimetry for short-term field assessment in varying sleep conditions.","authors":"Vaida Verhoef, Karin Smolders, Geert Peeters, Sebastiaan Overeem, Yvonne de Kort","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2696432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2696432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimating circadian rhythms often relies on intrusive and costly methods like melatonin sampling, misfitting in longitudinal field studies. Alternatively, ambulatory activity monitoring is frequently used, yet requires week-long data and signals fitting poorly with cosinor models. Ambulatory skin temperature monitoring is promising, but its feasibility, reliability, and robustness to homeostatic sleep pressure remain understudied. We collected sensor data in a randomized crossover field study manipulating sleep duration (8 h vs. 4 h time-in-bed, three consecutive nights) among 17 healthy participants (19-32 years old). Activity and skin temperatures (distal, proximal, distal-proximal gradient) were continuously monitored across conditions. Cosinor analysis estimated rhythm parameters (amplitude, mesor, acrophase) and goodness of fit. Non-parametric tests and linear mixed-effect models assessed difference and stability across sleep conditions. Cosinor models fitted better on skin temperature than activity-based data. Sleep restriction affected activity rhythms (reduced amplitude, delayed acrophase, increased mesor). Beside a reduced distal temperature amplitude in sleep restriction, skin temperature rhythm showed no statistically significant moderations by sleep. Rhythm parameters between data types did not significantly correlate. Skin temperature showed promising feasibility for in-field circadian rhythm estimation after only three days, potentially facilitating research on circadian rhythms and health. Validation against core body temperature and melatonin sampling is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1924-1938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective temperament, impulsivity and biological rhythms in bipolar disorder: A case-sibling-control study.","authors":"Neriman Fidanlı, Işık Batuhan Çakmak, Nihan Büyüklüoğlu, Hasan Kaya, Erol Göka","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2687811","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2687811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationships between affective temperaments, impulsivity, and sleep-related biological rhythm disturbances in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD), their unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. The sample included 82 patients with BD type I, 57 siblings, and 70 healthy controls. Participants completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Group comparisons, correlation analyses, hierarchical regression, and mediation analyses were performed. Patients with BD showed higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores than siblings and controls, while hyperthymic temperament did not differ between groups. Siblings displayed intermediate temperament and impulsivity profiles without significant sleep-related rhythm disturbance. Patients also exhibited higher total and attentional impulsivity scores and greater sleep-related rhythm disturbance than healthy controls. Regression analyses indicated that anxious temperament and impulsivity were positively associated with sleep-related rhythm disturbance. Mediation analyses revealed that impulsivity fully mediated the relationship between irritable temperament and sleep-related rhythm disturbance and partially mediated the effect of anxious temperament. Hyperthymic temperament was associated with lower impulsivity and rhythm disturbance measures. These findings suggest that anxious and irritable temperaments are linked to sleep-related rhythm disturbances in BD partly through increased impulsivity, highlighting impulsivity as a potential target for rhythm-focused interventions..</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1796-1808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-latitude environmental regularity supports circadian organisation in blind adults.","authors":"Karen C Pugliane, Lucas G S França, Mario Leocadio-Miguel, John F Araújo","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2688906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2688906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The light-dark cycle shaped by Earth's rotation provided the evolutionary conditions under which circadian rhythms emerged. Consistent with this, previous studies indicate that less than 40% of total blind individuals, who lack photic input, entrain to the 24-h cycle, further evidencing the critical role of light as the dominant zeitgeber for circadian alignment. However, this assumption has been tested almost exclusively in temperate, high-latitude regions, where environmental cues vary seasonally. Near the equator, by contrast, photoperiod and temperature cycles remain exceptionally stable. This highlights a fundamental gap: can circadian rhythms in humans remain synchronised without light when environmental temporal cues are highly regular? We addressed this question in 58 blind adults (21-77 years; 43.1% female) living near the equator in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (~5°S), who wore wrist actigraphy continuously for 4 weeks. Light sensitivity was assessed through the pupillary light reflex (PLR; 22 PLR-reactive, 36 non-reactive). Applying a semi-supervised machine learning approach to uncover multidimensional patterns without prior categorisation, we identified two distinct phenotypes: a Higher Circadian Stability (HCS; 72%, <i>n</i> = 42) and a Lower Circadian Stability group (LCS; 28%, <i>n</i> = 16). Notably, 64% of PLR-non-reactive individuals (23 of 36) were classified within the HCS group, a proportion approximately 1.6 times higher than previously reported for blind cohorts. These findings demonstrate that, under exceptionally regular equatorial conditions, non-photic cues can sustain a robust circadian entrainment even in the absence of photic input. We propose that environmental regularity promotes the synergy of non-photic timing signals, underscoring ecological context as a relevant component of human circadian temporal organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1809-1826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal depressive symptoms are not linked to infant rest-activity patterns at six months.","authors":"Júlia Fernandes da Silva, Rebeca Buest de Mesquita Silva, Vitor Lacerda, Bruno Jacson Martynhak, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares, Fernando Mazzilli Louzada","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2693224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2693224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postnatal maternal depression has been associated with changes in infant sleep/wake cycles, but the literature presents inconsistent results, especially when different assessment methods are used. This study investigated the association between postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and rest-activity rhythms in early childhood. Data from 179 mother-infant dyads were analysed, with maternal depressive symptoms assessed with the EPDS at postpartum and with the PHQ-9 when infants were six months of age, and infants` rest-activity rhythms measured through actigraphy using nonparametric variables (L5, M10 and RA). Multiple linear regression models were estimated, adjusting for infant sex, maternal age, socioeconomic level, maternal race/ethnicity, and gestational age. No statistically significant associations were found between both maternal depressive symptom scores and infant rest-activity rhythm variables after adjustment for covariates. These findings are consistent with studies suggesting that maternal depression may affect the perception of infant sleep more than its objective quality, reinforcing the importance of objective measures and the need for longitudinal studies using combined methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1905-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype and bedtime procrastination: The role of problematic generative artificial intelligence use and gender.","authors":"Kağan Kırcaburun, Hasan Çalışkan","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2692532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2692532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual differences in circadian preference have been increasingly linked to maladaptive technology-related behaviors; however, their role in problematic generative artificial intelligence use (PGAIU) remains underexplored. Moreover, while the negative outcomes of PGAIU have received growing attention, its potential adverse effects on sleep-related variables remain insufficiently understood. The present study examined the associations among morningness-eveningness, PGAIU, and bedtime procrastination, as well as potential gender differences in these relationships. Data were collected from 410 adult generative artificial intelligence (GAI) users via an online survey (51.5% women; <i>M</i>_age = 41.27). Structural equation modeling indicated that higher morningness was consistently associated with lower levels of bedtime procrastination in the total sample as well as among both men and women. Morningness was positively and significantly related to PGAIU only among men, suggesting a gender-specific pattern in the chronotype-GAI use relationship. Furthermore, PGAIU was positively associated with bedtime procrastination in the total sample and among women, whereas this association was not significant among men. Although morningness and PGAIU were associated with bedtime procrastination, PGAIU did not emerge as a significant mediator between morningness and bedtime procrastination. Overall, the present study represents one of the first empirical investigations examining the associations between PGAIU and sleep-related variables, particularly bedtime procrastination, within a circadian framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1850-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian rhythm disruption and multiple sclerosis: The role of affective symptoms and temperamental traits.","authors":"Gianmarco Cinesi, Silvia Sperandei, Ludovica Quattrucci, Agnese Sciolto, Edoardo Emiliano, Francesca Scopetta, Elena Di Sabatino, Andrea Mancini, Lorenzo Gaetani, Lucilla Parnetti, Alfonso Tortorella, Massimiliano Di Filippo, Giulia Menculini","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2703128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2703128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are common clinical features in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and related demyelinating conditions. Affective symptoms may shape vulnerability to circadian dysregulation. This pilot cross-sectional study examined how affective symptoms and underlying temperamental dispositions relate to circadian rhythm instability in a population of newly diagnosed PwMS and related demyelinating conditions, defined as patients evaluated within 30 days after discharge from the index hospitalization during which the diagnosis was established. Measures included Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Biological Rhythm Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and brief Temperament Evaluation of Pisa, Memphis, and San Diego. Pearson correlations explored associations among circadian, affective, and temperament dimensions. A multiple linear regression tested independent psychopathological variables associated with BRIAN total scores. In our sample (<i>n</i> = 77; mean age 33 y; 71% women; 81.8% relapsing-remitting MS), clinically relevant depressive symptoms were present in 22%, and state/trait anxiety in 46% and 41% PwMS, respectively. Circadian dysregulation (BRIAN ≥ 40) showed a prevalence of 13.7%. BRIAN scores correlated with BDI-II (<i>r</i> = .68), STAI-Y1/Y2 (<i>r</i> = .55-.60), and depressive/cyclothymic/anxious/irritable temperaments (<i>r</i> = .37-.42). In the regression model (adjusted <i>R²</i> = .521), depressive symptom severity displayed the strongest association with circadian disruption (<i>β</i> = .562, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a smaller contribution of depressive temperament (<i>β</i> =-.385, <i>p</i> = 0.017). Both current affective symptoms and underlying temperamental traits may contribute to circadian rhythm instability in MS. Systematic assessment of mood and circadian rhythms may offer a more comprehensive framework for identifying clinically relevant chronobiological disruption in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1970-1976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weekday and weekend sleep duration in relation to anxiety symptoms in Chinese (Pre)adolescents.","authors":"Lili Nie, Donghong Jiang, Saizheng Weng, Feng Chen, Liping Xiao, Yuanyuan Xu, Huasheng Duan, Fang Wu, Guodong Wang","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2697967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2697967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient sleep has been linked to anxiety in (pre)adolescents, but the distinct associations of weekday and weekend sleep remain unclear. We analyzed data from 3,686 students (ages 9-15) on their typical weekday and weekend sleep durations over the past six months and their anxiety symptoms in the past week. A total of 31.6% of participants reported sleeping less than 8 hours on weekdays, compared to only 7.5% on weekends. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 57.6%. Shorter weekday sleep duration was associated with increased anxiety risk in a dose-response pattern, particularly among females, middle school students, and only children. In contrast, weekend sleep duration, weekday-weekend sleep compensation, and their interaction were not significantly associated with anxiety risk. These findings do not support a protective role of weekend sleep compensation for anxiety risk; instead, they highlight the necessity of maintaining adequate sleep throughout the weekday for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1948-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is self-reported daylight exposure reliable? A validation study with actigraphy in urban environments.","authors":"Fernanda S Bonatto, Pedro de O Macedo, Rogério B Borges, Kiara Skalnes, Luísa K Pilz, Ricardo R B Correia, Fernanda G Amaral, Maria Paz Hidalgo","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2691091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2691091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daylight exposure is an environmental determinant of human health, yet measuring real-world exposure at scale remains a major challenge. Large population studies frequently rely on self-reported time spent outdoors as a proxy for daylight exposure, although the validity of this measure remains uncertain. We evaluated the agreement between daily self-reported outdoor daylight exposure and objective light measurements obtained from wearable sensors and investigated whether depressive symptoms influence this agreement. A total of 172 adults living in two Brazilian metropolitan regions were monitored for up to 44 consecutive days, yielding over 5,800 matched days of subjective and objective exposure data. Objective measures included device output illuminance, photopic illuminance, and melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI). Agreement was assessed across the light exposure thresholds and durations using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and ROC analyses. Moderate agreement was observed between self-reported and actigraphy-based daylight exposure. The highest concordance occurred at light levels consistent with outdoor daylight (>1000 l× for photopic illuminance and melanopic EDI; >750 l× for device illuminance). A minimum of 30 min of outdoor daylight exposure was the duration most accurately self-reported. Depressive symptoms did not affect these agreement patterns. These findings support the use of simple self-report questionnaires to estimate outdoor daylight exposure in clinical applications and in studies examining how environmental factors shape health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1841-1849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced light-dark modulation of cardiovascular function in SPAK knock-in mice.","authors":"Venastra Ridhuan Mringo, Aleksandar Jovanovic","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2688453","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2688453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-dark cycles and behavioural activity influence daily regulation of cardiovascular function. To avoid overinterpretation, the present study specifically examined day-night variation under a 12:12 h light-dark schedule rather than endogenous circadian rhythmicity. The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) is a key regulator of ion transport and blood pressure, but its association with day-night cardiovascular variation remains unclear. Using radiotelemetry, we assessed the effects of light-dark phase, activity state, and recording cycle on cardiovascular parameters in SPAK knock-in (KI) and wild-type (WT) mice. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressure were recorded across three consecutive day-night cycles. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed using animal as the unit of analysis. In WT mice, phase effects were not statistically significant for most parameters, although some effect-size estimates were notable. In contrast, KI mice showed significant light-dark variation across cardiovascular parameters in both mean and area-under-the-curve analyses (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Activity state strongly influenced heart rate and blood pressure in both genotypes, whereas pulse pressure was less consistently affected. Cycle effects were generally not significant, suggesting no clear evidence of systematic drift across recording windows. However, interpretation is limited by the exploratory nature of the study and the small sample size (<i>n</i> = 3/group), which increases the risk of both Type I and Type II statistical errors. These findings suggest that the SPAK knock-in genotype is associated with enhanced day-night modulation of cardiovascular function under a 12:12 h light-dark protocol, while activity state remains a major determinant of cardiovascular variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1769-1778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}