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EFFECT OF SULFENTRAZONE RATE AND APPLICATION METHOD ON WEED CONTROL AND STUNTING IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO 磺胺酮用量及施药方式对烤烟除草和发育不良的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.12
L. Fisher, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut
{"title":"EFFECT OF SULFENTRAZONE RATE AND APPLICATION METHOD ON WEED CONTROL AND STUNTING IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"L. Fisher, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research was conducted at five locations in 1998 and three locations in 1999 to evaluate the effects of labeled and below-label rates of sulfentrazone on weed control and phytotoxicity in ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72803863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION EQUIPMENT, APPLICATION METHOD, AND SOIL PLACEMENT OF SULFENTRAZONE ON INJURY TO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO 磺胺酮掺入设备、施用方式和土壤放置对烤烟危害的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.1
L. Fisher, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut
{"title":"EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION EQUIPMENT, APPLICATION METHOD, AND SOIL PLACEMENT OF SULFENTRAZONE ON INJURY TO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"L. Fisher, W. Smith, J. W. Wilcut","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research was conducted at one site in 1999 and three sites in 2000 to evaluate the influence of incorporation equipment and application method on flue-cured tobacco response to sulfentrazone. Sulfentrazone was applied at one (1X) and two (2X) times the recommended use rates with no incorporation, incorporation with a finishing disk or incorporation with a field cultivator prior to bedding. An application also was made to the soil surface prior to transplanting (PRE-T). At both the 1X and 2X rates of sulfentrazone, no differences in stunting were observed due to application method before bedding. At the 1X rate, the level of stunting was similar for no incorporation before bedding, incorporation with the field cultivator, and the PRE-T application. However, at the 2X rate, all incorporation treatments had greater stunting than the PRE-T application; stunting was never greater than 9% with PRE-T treatments. Stunting varied greatly across locations, making general conclusions on stunting based on me...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74325615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
PUFF-BY-PUFF DETERMINATION OF THE pH OF WATER-EXTRACTABLES FROM MAINSTREAM PARTICULATE PHASE AND WHOLE MAINSTREAM SMOKE OF REFERENCE AND COMMERCIAL CIGARETTES 参考卷烟和商品卷烟的主流颗粒相和整个主流烟中水萃取物pH值的逐次测定
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.8
C. Williard, E. Mcdaniel, R. M. Striegel, R. Walker, M. S. Sudholt
{"title":"PUFF-BY-PUFF DETERMINATION OF THE pH OF WATER-EXTRACTABLES FROM MAINSTREAM PARTICULATE PHASE AND WHOLE MAINSTREAM SMOKE OF REFERENCE AND COMMERCIAL CIGARETTES","authors":"C. Williard, E. Mcdaniel, R. M. Striegel, R. Walker, M. S. Sudholt","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two methods used for a puff-by-puff determination of the pH of water-extractables of cigarette smoke were compared. Particulate and whole smoke data for Kentucky Reference Cigarettes 1R3F, 1R4F, and 1R5F and for a commercial cigarette brand were collected. Mainstream particulate for each puff was collected separately on glass-fiber filter pads. The pads were extracted with deionized water (particulate method) or deionized water purged with exhaust from the smoking machine (whole smoke method) and the pH was measured. Particulate-method pH was inversely related to the amount of particulate collected, allowing for true comparisons between individual puffs from the same cigarette and between cigarette types. The whole smoke method lacked the sensitivity to distinguish between samples and is of little use as a comparative tool, probably because of the large contribution of carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83371041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Boron Deficiency and Chilling Injury Interactions in Tobacco Transplants Grown in the Float System 浮载系统中烟草移栽缺硼与冻害的相互作用
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.36
L. Overstreet
{"title":"Boron Deficiency and Chilling Injury Interactions in Tobacco Transplants Grown in the Float System","authors":"L. Overstreet","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Boron deficiency and chilling injury produce similar symptoms in young tobacco transplants. Mistaken identification of chilling injury as B deficiency has resulted in B toxicity when growe...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78376416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
EVALUATION OF LABOR REQUIREMENTS AND WORK RATES FOR CONVENTIONAL STRIPPING OF BURLEY TOBACCO1 传统白肋烟脱皮劳动要求和劳动率的评价
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.31
T. Bridges, L. Wells, M. Peters, W. Peterson
{"title":"EVALUATION OF LABOR REQUIREMENTS AND WORK RATES FOR CONVENTIONAL STRIPPING OF BURLEY TOBACCO1","authors":"T. Bridges, L. Wells, M. Peters, W. Peterson","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For the 1997 – 2004 crop years, labor records were kept for the burley tobacco stripping operation at the University of Kentucky Animal Research Center. Worker hours were recorded for the ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85007978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DURING ARTIFICIAL FERMENTATION OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO1 烤烟人工发酵过程中生物活性的变化
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.24
L. Qiu, M. Zhao, F. Li, W. Qi, W. Zhang, X. Yue, J. Cui
{"title":"CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DURING ARTIFICIAL FERMENTATION OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO1","authors":"L. Qiu, M. Zhao, F. Li, W. Qi, W. Zhang, X. Yue, J. Cui","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bacteria accounted for the majority of microorganisms on both artificially fermented and non-fermented tobacco leaves. Fermentation decreased the number of species present as well as the total number of microorganisms present on leaves of flue-cured tobacco compared to control leaves. After eight days of fermentation, populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi were reduced by 52.8%, 9.4%, 79.8%, respectively, and total microorganism counts were reduced 55.7% relative to non-fermented controls. After 18 days, counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, were reduced 37.0%, 100%, 68.5%, and total microorganism counts were 42.1% below non-fermented leaves. In contrast, the activities of the enzymes peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, proteinase, and α-amylase increased significantly during fermentation. On day eight, activities of these enzymes increased 197%, 31%, 232% and 164%, respectively, compared with non-fermented control leaves. At the end of the artificial fermentation, enzyme activities we...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81677858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
ASSESSING HOLDING ABILITY IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO CULTIVARS 烤烟品种持烟能力评价
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.28
D. Bowman
{"title":"ASSESSING HOLDING ABILITY IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO CULTIVARS","authors":"D. Bowman","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Leaves of flue-cured tobacco develop from immature to unripe to mature to ripe to overripe over a several week period beginning at the base of the plant. Leaf value improves through the ripe stage, then begins to decline as the leaves overripen. To harvest each leaf at its highest quality, plants are harvested several times during the season beginning with the lower leaves. Some leaves may be harvested after their peak quality. Growers prefer cultivars that retain their leaf value for as long as possible after optimum harvest time. The cultivar K326, which was released in the early 1980s, is well known for maintaining leaf quality and value over an extended time period, a trait now called “holding ability”. Each year since 1992 the Official Variety Testing Program at North Carolina State University has collected data on the holding ability of 10 or more cultivars at one or more locations. Value per hectare was chosen as the criterion for measuring this trait. Data from K 326 (the control cultivar...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80975774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE pH OF MAINSTREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE 两种测定主流香烟烟气pH值方法的比较
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.5
C. Williard, E. Mcdaniel, R. M. Striegel, R. Walker, M. S. Sudholt
{"title":"A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE pH OF MAINSTREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE","authors":"C. Williard, E. Mcdaniel, R. M. Striegel, R. Walker, M. S. Sudholt","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-46.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two methods used to determine the pH of mainstream cigarette smoke (MSCS) were compared to find the fastest and least complicated method. Both methods involved measuring the pH of only the water-soluble portion of the particulate fraction of MSCS. In method one, the pH of an aqueous extract of glass-fiber filter pads containing total particulate matter (TPM) was measured. In the second method, pH was measured directly from a glass fiber pad containing TPM that was moistened with 3 ml of degassed deionized water. Both methods were able to distinguish pH differences in the differently constructed reference cigarettes evaluated and were reproducible with relative standard deviations of less than 3%. Determination of smoke pH directly from a moistened glass fiber pad containing trapped TPM was found to be less complicated and quicker than determining pH of an aqueous extract due to the elimination of the extraction step.","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89212316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
EFFECT OF UNIFORMITY OF SEEDLING EMERGENCE ON THE PERCENTAGE OF USABLE TRANSPLANTS PRODUCED IN THE GREENHOUSE FLOAT SYSTEM 苗木出苗均匀性对温室浮法移栽成活率的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.1
M. Hartley, W. Smith, J. F. Spears, L. Fisher, J. R. Schultheis
{"title":"EFFECT OF UNIFORMITY OF SEEDLING EMERGENCE ON THE PERCENTAGE OF USABLE TRANSPLANTS PRODUCED IN THE GREENHOUSE FLOAT SYSTEM","authors":"M. Hartley, W. Smith, J. F. Spears, L. Fisher, J. R. Schultheis","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Experiments were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to investigate the effect of uniformity of seedling emergence on the percentage of usable tobacco transplants produced in a greenhouse float system. Uneven seedling emergence was facilitated by staggering seeding date in randomly selected cells within a 288-cell tray. Treatments included seeding all cells on day 1 (control) and seeding 75% of the cells on day 1 and 25% seeded on day 5, 7, or 12 (in 1999) and day 3 or 5 (in 2000); other staggered seeding combinations also were investigated. Seedling emergence was measured until maximum emergence was observed. Fifty days after initial seeding, total plant stand, number of usable transplants, stem length, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined. A sample of 10 seedlings, based upon the percentage of usable and non-usable transplants from an individual tray, was used to determine stem length, fresh weight, and dry weight measurements. In both years, delayed seeding resulted in slower and less uniform s...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
DIVERSITY OF ROOT BACTERIA FROM TOBACCO CROPPING SYSTEMS 烟草种植系统根细菌的多样性
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.15
J. H. Kim, H. Skipper, D. Gooden, K. Xiong
{"title":"DIVERSITY OF ROOT BACTERIA FROM TOBACCO CROPPING SYSTEMS","authors":"J. H. Kim, H. Skipper, D. Gooden, K. Xiong","doi":"10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/0082-4623-45.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known of the effects of various cropping systems on the rhizobacteria associated with tobacco. Our objective was to develop a database on the rhizobacteria present in continuous and rotational fields of tobacco by sampling in field plots over a 4-year period. Plots were established in a Norfolk soil near Florence, SC. For continuous culture plots, tobacco was planted in monoculture for four years. In rotational plots, tobacco, soybean, corn, and tobacco were planted during the 4-year test. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots of tobacco and rotation plants and identified by fatty acids composition using gas chromatography (GC/FAME). Arthrobacter and Bacillus were the primary genera recovered from non-rhizosphere soils. Four to seven genera of rhizobacteria accounted for the predominant organisms in both cropping systems; the total number of genera ranged from 17 to 22. Under monoculture tobacco, gram-negative rhizobacteria were dominant in July, whereas, gram-positive root bacteri...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76014403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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