PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)最新文献

{"title":"GPS III system operations concepts","authors":"O. Luba, L. Boyd, A. Gower, J. Crum","doi":"10.1109/MAES.2005.1396789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2005.1396789","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 3 years, the Lockheed Martin GPS III team has analyzed potential operational concepts for the Air Force. The completed tasks support the government's objective of a \"realizable and operationally feasible\" U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) concept of operations. This paper provides an overview of the operational improvements for command and control of satellites and the provision of safe, precise navigation and timing services to end-users. The GPS III system changes existing operational paradigms. Improved operator capabilities are enabled by a new high-speed uplink/downlink and crosslink communication architecture. Continuous connectivity allows operators a \"contact one satellite - contact all satellites\" concept enabling near-real time navigation updates and telemetry monitoring. This paper describes potential improvements for the following operations: Constellation Monitoring, Command and Control, Navigation Upload Monitoring, Global Service Monitoring, Global Service Prediction, Civilian Navigation (CNAV) Messaging, and Anomaly Detection and Resolution. This paper also describes future operational improvements as GPS applications continue to proliferate and the need for an improved infrastructure to effectively manage all the systems that affect GPS service grows.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114943990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in integrated gyroscopes","authors":"J. Geen","doi":"10.1109/MAES.2004.1365660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2004.1365660","url":null,"abstract":"Fully integrated gyroscopes have some unique advantages in low power, size, weight and cost. The progress in bringing an integrated gyroscope to mass production is described, together with some of the strategies employed to overcome difficulties with this class of device, in particular, the measures to produce shock and vibration immunity. A natural progression for future products is also outlined.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130820132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countermeasures of command and control (C2) capabilities in a hostile environment","authors":"P. Wang","doi":"10.1109/MAES.2004.1365663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2004.1365663","url":null,"abstract":"For a military airborne platform to survive in a hostile battlefield environment, the rapid detection and geo-location of an enemy (or terrorist) gunner is highly desirable. One approach is to develop an electronic countermeasure system against the gunner's command and communication (C2) capabilities, specifically the usage of modern wireless phones. Such countermeasure system would conduct a quick detection and geo-location of the targeted (hostile) mobile wireless subscriber, allows the airborne platform to make appropriate decisions: (1) to divert and avoid potential military conflicts, (2) to cue artillery supports and prepare for attack, or (3) to relay the coordinates of the potential threat to his own command and control units. In this paper, we will discuss the technical approach of the countermeasure system, especially in two design areas: (1) detection and tracking of enemy C2 signals and (2) geo-location of a targeted communication link.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124979495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of packaging for MEMS inertial sensors","authors":"R. Pryputniewicz, T. Marinis, J. W. Soucy, C. Furlong","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1308974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1308974","url":null,"abstract":"Development of MEMS inertial sensors and their packaging for high performance applications requires a balanced approach combining analyses with testing and measurements. There are too many unknown parameters, e.g., material properties, process conditions, and components/package interfaces, to rely solely on analyses during the development. Recent advances in optoelectronic laser interferometric microscope (OELIM) methodology offer a considerable promise for effective testing and measurements to facilitate optimization of packaging for advanced MEMS inertial sensors. Using OELIM methodology, sub-micron deformations of MEMS components and MEMS packages are readily measured with nanometer accuracy and very high spatial resolution over a range of operating conditions. This greatly facilitates characterization of dynamic and thermomechanical behavior of MEMS components, MEMS packages, and other complex material structures. in this paper, the OELIM methodology, which allows remote, noninvasive, full-field-of-view measurements of deformations in near real-time, is presented and its viability for the development of packaging for MEMS inertial sensors is discussed. These discussions are illustrated by representative results that have been obtained relating to improving the packaging for MEMS inertial sensors.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement for mental workload of Bridge Team on leaving/entering port","authors":"K. Murai, T. Okazaki, Y. Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309069","url":null,"abstract":"On entering and leaving ports, a captain needs so many operations of a rudder and engine control, that he/she gives orders for bridge teammates. Moreover, a ship's course control is difficult at a low speed as it is easily affected by wind and current. On entering/leaving port, the cooperation among bridge teammates is most important for safe navigation, and its importance is common knowledge in the world. However, its evaluation depends on a seafarer's experience, not a quantitative index. We need an evaluation method of teamwork and relations among teammates with the quantitative index in order to evaluate Bridge Team Management (BTM for short). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the mental workload of bridge team (BT for short) on entering and leaving ports with heart rate variability. The experiment is carried out at three ports in Japan. The bridge teammates are a Captain, a Deck officer and a Quartermaster. We calculate the SNS value (LF/HF) with frequency components of R-R intervals, and we use Projective Strain Ratio (PSR for short) value to make a base for each teammate. LF is 0.04 to 0.15 Hz and HF is 0.15 to 0.40 Hz. LF is reflected by the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system and H-F is reflected by the parasympathetic nervous system. This index is used to evaluate the mental workload of a car driver on transportation system. As the results, we show three points on BT evaluation. (1) The evaluation of bridge teammates' mental workload is possible with the SNS (PSR) value. (2) The mental workload is shared among BT-mates when the captain makes a decision to change course, and the deck officer and the quartermaster receive his/her orders. (3) The evaluation of mental workload of BT is possible with the SNS (PSR) value.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127528326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipath mitigation in the frequency domain","authors":"Yujie Zhang, C. Bartone","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309033","url":null,"abstract":"The GPS measurements can be modeled as true range plus other error sources such as orbit and clock biases, ionosphere, troposphere, multipath, and receiver noise. All of these errors have different frequency spectrum components. Ionosphere and troposphere errors are of low frequency, and the receiver noise has high frequency components. Orbit errors are typically bias terms, and multipath errors have low/medium frequency components. Since these errors have different frequency components, the methodology is presented whereby the multipath error can be mitigated through frequency domain processing. In this method, firstly, a validated multipath model provides the multipath frequency spectrum analysis, which is used to bound the frequency domain region for mitigation. Secondly, a code-minus-carrier (CmC) analysis provides the major code multipath error and its frequency spectrum; Thirdly, a code multipath correction is formed and applied to mitigate the multipath error in the GPS pseudorange measurement. Fourthly, a CmC analysis is performed on the multipath mitigated measurements to illustrate a reduction in the multipath error. Lastly, a compression ratio is defined which is used as a final metric to assess the net improvement in the standard deviation of the multipath mitigated CmC, as compared to the un-mitigated CmC, on a percentage basis. This technique does rely on an estimate of the peak frequency component of the multipath to be mitigated. Additionally, real test data shows the code multipath is mitigated without carrier phase aiding. Therefore, both the multipath mitigated pseudorange measurement and carrier phase measurement can be utilized for the user solution, which improves both accuracy and integrity.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115039200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A portable UWB to GPS emission simulator","authors":"P. Dafesh, P. Hanson, R. Yowell, T. Stansell, D. Alcocer","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309023","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the low power of GPS signals, GPS ranging applications are sensitive to any signals emitted in the GPS band. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) emitter devices, however, have been approved by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) to emit at specified, maximum noise-like and tone levels. These emissions are across the GPS band and are specified per UWB device rather than an aggregate effect. These levels were approved in a report and order in February 2002 for the use of UWB devices in commercial and federal bands. This report and order constitutes a modification to the Part 15 emission limits that places UWB technology in the same regulatory category as microwave ovens and computer monitors. Due to the great interest in UWB technology, there has been considerable interest in raising the allowable levels. However, an increase in the UWB emission level limit could further degrade GPS operation. There are many applications where the received GPS signal power level is significantly lower than the ambient GPS signal power level, such as indoors, behind foliage or operation during deep multipath fading in urban environments. Under such conditions, any interference can harmfully degrade the GPS service. In particular, the potential widespread proliferation of UWB devices will significantly raise the noise floor that a receiver sees which can severely degrade GPS operations critical to myriad applications such as E911, precision ranging and automobile navigation. In order to demonstrate the impact of UWB devices under a range of practical operating conditions, a portable UWB emission simulator has been designed, calibrated and demonstrated. This emitter transmits a calibrated, adjustable noise spectrum across the GPS band that conforms to the maximum, noise-like emission specification regulating UWB emitters in the FCC's Part 15 limit. The device thereby assesses the potential impact of UWB emitters below, at, or above this limit. The work describes the design and testing of this calibrated emitter and the implications of these results on the specification of maximum UWB signal levels in the GPS bands. In particular, the paper also describes the results of GPS receiver measurements in the presence of this noise-like UWB emission simulator, which can simulate the aggregate effect of multiple UWB emitters in the GPS band, through an effective aggregate UWB power level.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128717280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high resolution model for the satellite-to-indoor channel","authors":"F. Pérez-Fontán, B. Sanmartín, A. Steingass, A. Lehner, J. Selva, E. Kubista, B. Arbesser-Rastburg","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper measurements and modeling results obtained in the course of an European Space Agency, ESA, project (2002-2003) entitled \"Navigation signal measurement campaign for critical environments\" carried out by Joanneum Research (Austria) with subcontracts to DLR (Germany) and the University of Vigo (Spain), are presented.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123949209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GpsOne: A new solution to vehicle navigation","authors":"Wang Kedong, Y. Lei, Wen Hui, He Kai","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309015","url":null,"abstract":"GpsOne, which fuses GPS and wireless base station positioning signals, is a hybrid wireless assisted GPS technology proposed by Qualcomm Inc. It provides positioning service through wireless communication networks. Compared with GPS, gpsOne is more suitable for vehicle navigation due to its wider workable regions (urban, rural and even underground areas), higher positioning accuracy, lower price and no cold start. However, single gpsOne cannot be used for vehicle navigation due to its large positioning error (more than 100m) when GPS signals cannot be received completely. Therefore, gpsOne should be assisted with other positioning modes to promote the reliability, redundancy and fault-tolerance of vehicle navigation system.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128033908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPS attitude determination for a JPALS testbed: Integer initialization and testing","authors":"D. De Lorenzo, S. Alban, J. Gautier, P. Enge","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.2004.1309071","url":null,"abstract":"An attitude-based search algorithm was implemented for initial ambiguity resolution and integer determination, and then tested on a three-element equilateral array with baselines of 0.5m. Running the initialization algorithm at every epoch, it was found that the search algorithm gave efficient and reliable integer solutions for a static antenna array, but was sensitive to errors in a dynamic environment in the absence of multi-epoch filtering or solution checking procedures. Incorporating knowledge of allowable array orientation into the search greatly increased execution speed and reduced spurious integer estimates. This paper reviews the fundamentals of multi-antenna GPS-based attitude determination, develops in detail a simple and efficient 3-D search algorithm, discusses tradeoffs between execution speed (search spacing), signal phase noise, and estimate reliability, and presents results from static and in-motion automotive testing. Based on these findings, the utility of integration between GPS and inertial systems for robust attitude determination cannot be overstated.","PeriodicalId":102388,"journal":{"name":"PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134131380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}