Chromosome science最新文献_第2页

Chromosome analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and ornamental camellia (Camellia japonica) 茶树(Camellia sinensis)和观赏茶树(Camellia japonica)的染色体分析

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.20.9

Kazumi Furukawa, S. Sugiyama, T. Ohta, N. Ohmido

{"title":"Chromosome analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and ornamental camellia (Camellia japonica)","authors":"Kazumi Furukawa, S. Sugiyama, T. Ohta, N. Ohmido","doi":"10.11352/SCR.20.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.20.9","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosome analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), an important commercial crop used to prepare beverages throughout the world, was conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome image analyzing system IV (CHIAS IV) software. Chromosomes of C. japonica, a popular woody plant used as an ornamental tree and an important breeding resource for tea plants, were used for comparison with C. sinensis. Both C. sinensis and C. japonica comprised 30 chromosomes. The 5S rDNA, a fundamental repeat sequence and a landmark for FISH, was used for Camellia karyotyping. We observed one 5S rDNA locus on two chromosomes in both the species and confirmed the presence of bivalents in the meiotic cells of interspecific hybrids between C. japonica and C. sinensis. These results suggest that the two species have homoeologous chromosomes. C. sinensis chromosomes were analyzed using CHIAS IV, which performs quantitative karyotyping. This is the first report on the karyotyping of the Japanese tea plant C. sinensis by FISH and quantitative image analysis using CHIAS IV. This report will accelerate the use of cytological and genetic linkage map analysis in tea breeding.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82226500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

New karyotypes of an interspecific hybrid of Torenia fournieri and Torenia baillonii and its progenies 富氏托伦与巴氏托伦种间杂交种及其后代的新核型

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.37

Buntarika Nuntha, S. Kikuchi, T. Taychasinpitak, H. Sassa, T. Koba

引用次数: 2

Scaling relationship between intra-nuclear DNA density and chromosomal condensation in metazoan and plant 后生动物和植物核内DNA密度与染色体凝聚的比例关系

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.43

Yuki Hara, Kenta Adachi, Shunsuke Kagohashi, K. Yamagata, H. Tanabe, S. Kikuchi, S. Okumura, A. Kimura

{"title":"Scaling relationship between intra-nuclear DNA density and chromosomal condensation in metazoan and plant","authors":"Yuki Hara, Kenta Adachi, Shunsuke Kagohashi, K. Yamagata, H. Tanabe, S. Kikuchi, S. Okumura, A. Kimura","doi":"10.11352/SCR.19.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.19.43","url":null,"abstract":"Across species, eukaryotic chromosomes share common features at the molecular level. However, common features at the cellular level are not well investigated. A correlation has been suggested between the linear packing ratio of mitotic chromosomes and the intra-nuclear DNA density, by comparing these values in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, these values were measured and compared among several metazoan and plant species. The obtained values corroborated the correlation proposed in the previous study, supporting the theory that intra-nuclear DNA density is a common regulator of chromosome condensation. Moreover, the comparison among different species suggested a correlation between the length of a mitotic chromosome and the nuclear volume to the power of 2/3. Given this observation, we speculate that: (i) a rate-limiting component defines the length of a mitotic chromosome that is proportional to the nuclear surface area, and (ii) such regulation of the mitotic chromosomal length may play a role in maintaining the ratio between the cell size and the metaphase plate.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78068634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A history of chromosome identification in Bombyx mori 家蚕染色体鉴定的历史

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.3

K. Sahara, A. Yoshido, Y. Yasukochi

引用次数: 0

Contribution of nanotechnology to chromosome science 纳米技术对染色体科学的贡献

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.51

K. Fukui

引用次数: 7

Preferential demethylation of DNA cytosine on the chromosomes restricted to germ cells in the spermatocytes but not the spermatogonia in the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri 近岸盲鳗(Eptatretus burgeri)精母细胞中染色体上DNA胞嘧啶的优先去甲基化仅限于生殖细胞，而非精原细胞

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.11

Y. Goto, Daiki Osawa, Souichirou Kubota

{"title":"Preferential demethylation of DNA cytosine on the chromosomes restricted to germ cells in the spermatocytes but not the spermatogonia in the inshore hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri","authors":"Y. Goto, Daiki Osawa, Souichirou Kubota","doi":"10.11352/SCR.19.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.19.11","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosome elimination and chromatin diminution occur in various species including single-cell ciliates and several multicellular animals. DNA methylcytosine (5mC) and histone modifications have been identified as markers of the eliminated DNA and chromatins in ciliate and finch. Here we examined the levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC; an intermediate of active DNA demethylation) in the male testicular cells of the inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri and simultaneously detected germline-restricted repetitive sequences (EEEb1) to identify the chromosomes restricted to germ cells (E-chromosomes). We detected 5mC and 5hmC signals at all chromosomes in the spermatogonia and in all of the interphase nuclei whereas 5mC signals were selectively located on the chromosomes without EEEb1 signals in the spermatocytes’ metaphase, suggesting no 5mC signal on the E-chromosomes. No significant difference in 5hmC levels between the E-chromosomes and the other chromosomes, was detected in the spermatocytes. This chromosome-specific hypomethylation has never been detected in mouse or zebrafish germ cells. These results therefore suggest that the DNA methylation pattern of the E-chromosomes, namely those presumptively eliminated in somatic differentiation, are altered just before or during meiosis. This exclusive alteration of the methylation pattern may play a key role in the chromosome elimination in hagfish species’ embryogenesis.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81752961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A manual for ant chromosome preparations (an improved air-drying method) and Giemsa staining 蚂蚁染色体制备(改进的风干法)和吉姆萨染色手册

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.57

H. Imai

{"title":"A manual for ant chromosome preparations (an improved air-drying method) and Giemsa staining","authors":"H. Imai","doi":"10.11352/SCR.19.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.19.57","url":null,"abstract":"I. CHEMICALS (1) Colchicine stock solution (1mg/ml, 0.1% solution) (a) 50 mg colchicine (b) 50 ml distilled water (D.W.) * Store in a brown bottle and keep in a refrigerator. (2) Hypotonic solution (1% Sodium citrate solution) (a) 1 g Trisodium citrate dihydrate (b) 100 ml D.W. (3) Colchicine-hypotonic solution (* freshly prepared) 10 ml Hypotonic solution with 0.005 % colchicine (a) 0.5 ml Colchicine stock solution (b) 9.5 ml Hypotonic solution (4) Fixative I (* freshly prepared) 60% 1:1 Acetic-ethanol (a) Glacial acetic acid 3 ml (b) Ethanol (>99.5%) 3 ml (c) D.W. 4 ml * Don’t store Fixative I overnight, because it turns rapidly into ethyl acetate, which is deleterious to mitotic cells. * Don’t use old glacial acetic acid and ethanol that are near the bottom of a stock bottle or that have been left for several months. Both chemicals tend to absorb moisture from the air and chromosomes will be damaged by the contamination of water. (5) Fixative II (* freshly prepared) 4 ml Absolute 1:1 Acetic-ethanol (a) Glacial acetic acid 2 ml (b) Ethanol (>99.5%) 2 ml (6) Fixative III 2ml Glacial acetic acid (GAA) II. APPARATUS (Fig. 1) (1) A transmitted stereomicroscope (x20-x40) for dissecting out organs (Fig. 1a). (2) A pair of dissecting needles (Fig. 1b). (3) Four Pasteur pipettes each with a rubber nipple (Fig. 1c). (4) Centrifugation tube (Spits tube) (Fig. 1d). (5) Depression slides (hole slides) (Fig. 1e). (6) Slide glasses (Fig. 1f). * Store slides in 80% ethanol and dry with washed clean gauze as necessary. * If slides are oily, add a drop of fixative I on the slide, and clear with paper or washed clean gauze. (7) Test tube stand (Fig. 1g). (8) Filter paper (blotting paper) (Fig. 1h). (9) Rolled filter paper or paper towel (Fig. 1i). (10) Fingerstalls for the thumb and the forefinger (Fig. 1j). * To protect fingers from fixative. * Cut the tip of fingers of a vinyl glove for right hand. (11) Washed cotton gauze or tissue paper (Fig. 1k). (12) A glass engraving pen for label (Fig. 1l). (13) Forceps to open cocoons (Fig. 1m).","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76397801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Detection of ribosomal RNA genes in apple (Malus × domestica) using fluorescence in situ hybridization 荧光原位杂交技术检测苹果核糖体RNA基因

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.33

Masashi Yamamoto, S. Moriya, Toshiya Yamamoto

引用次数: 1

The effect of magnesium ions on chromosome structure as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) tomography 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)断层扫描观察镁离子对染色体结构的影响

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.19

A. Dwiranti, H. Takata, S. Uchiyama, K. Fukui

引用次数: 6

Structural analysis of human chromosome by FIB/SEM 人类染色体的FIB/SEM结构分析

Chromosome science Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11352/SCR.19.25

Soma Sasakura, Akiyo Yoshida, T. Wako, Kohei Kaneyoshi, Rawin Poonperm, Shinichi Ogawa, Jun Kato, Y. Otsuka, H. Takata, S. Uchiyama, K. Fukui

{"title":"Structural analysis of human chromosome by FIB/SEM","authors":"Soma Sasakura, Akiyo Yoshida, T. Wako, Kohei Kaneyoshi, Rawin Poonperm, Shinichi Ogawa, Jun Kato, Y. Otsuka, H. Takata, S. Uchiyama, K. Fukui","doi":"10.11352/SCR.19.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.19.25","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the efforts of numerous researchers over the years, inner structure of a chromosome is still controversial, although several models have been proposed to date. It is now well known that there are two important structural components to the chromosome, the chromosome scaffold and chromatin fibers. The chromosome scaffold, which is mainly composed of four different proteins, is a protein axis extending longitudinally in both chromatids. The chromatin fiber, which is composed of a DNA strand with histone proteins, is also packed in each chromatid. We used focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) to elucidate these two structural components using human chromosomes. FIB/SEM effectively cuts the human chromosomes by its focused Ga ion beam and the cross-sections were visualized by the resolution of scanning electron microscope. As a result, the chromosome scaffold has been confirmed to be located in the central region of each chromatid. The distribution of chromatin fiber in the chromosome’s inner space was also detected. It seems to be distributed more or less randomly within a chromosome. These results strongly indicated that the nanotechnology afforded by FIB/SEM is an effective method to reveal the chromosome’s inner structure in detail.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74193983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4