茶树(Camellia sinensis)和观赏茶树(Camellia japonica)的染色体分析

Kazumi Furukawa, S. Sugiyama, T. Ohta, N. Ohmido
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引用次数: 6

摘要

采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)和染色体图像分析系统IV (CHIAS IV)软件,对茶树(Camellia sinensis)进行染色体分析。茶树是世界上重要的饮料原料。以茶树的重要育种资源、观赏用木本植物日本花楸(C. japonica)为材料,与中国花楸(C. sinensis)进行染色体比较。中华和粳稻都有30条染色体。5S rDNA是一个基本的重复序列,是FISH的一个里程碑,用于山茶的核型分析。我们在两个物种的两条染色体上观察到一个5S rDNA位点,并证实了在粳稻和中华稻种间杂交的减数分裂细胞中存在双价体。这些结果表明,这两个物种具有同源染色体。利用CHIAS - IV对中华香椿染色体进行定量核型分析。这是首次利用FISH和CHIAS IV对日本茶树C. sinensis进行核型分析的报道,将加速细胞学和遗传连锁图谱分析在茶叶育种中的应用。
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Chromosome analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and ornamental camellia (Camellia japonica)
Chromosome analysis of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), an important commercial crop used to prepare beverages throughout the world, was conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome image analyzing system IV (CHIAS IV) software. Chromosomes of C. japonica, a popular woody plant used as an ornamental tree and an important breeding resource for tea plants, were used for comparison with C. sinensis. Both C. sinensis and C. japonica comprised 30 chromosomes. The 5S rDNA, a fundamental repeat sequence and a landmark for FISH, was used for Camellia karyotyping. We observed one 5S rDNA locus on two chromosomes in both the species and confirmed the presence of bivalents in the meiotic cells of interspecific hybrids between C. japonica and C. sinensis. These results suggest that the two species have homoeologous chromosomes. C. sinensis chromosomes were analyzed using CHIAS IV, which performs quantitative karyotyping. This is the first report on the karyotyping of the Japanese tea plant C. sinensis by FISH and quantitative image analysis using CHIAS IV. This report will accelerate the use of cytological and genetic linkage map analysis in tea breeding.
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