Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Review of Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Evidence of Some Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment.","authors":"Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse,&nbsp;Mulugeta Molla Zeleke,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Dagnew","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S384395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S384395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A peptic ulcer is described as the rupture of the mucosal integrity of the stomach, the duodenum, and, in certain cases, the lower esophagus as a result of contact with chloridopeptic secretions. The two most common kinds of peptic ulcer disorders are referred to as \"gastric ulcer\" and \"duodenal ulcer.\" The name is derived from the location of the ulceration. Despite the promise of a wide range of antiulcer treatments, these therapies are associated with several adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, impotence, gynecomastia, galactorrhea, hematological abnormalities, and kidney disease, which are intolerable for many patients. Nowadays, there is a lot of emphasis on finding new and innovative agents. As a result, herbal medicines are commonly utilized in circumstances when drugs are used for long periods and are also cost-efficient, effective, and readily available. In this review paper, a total of 82 medicinal plants have been identified and reported for their use in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The majority of these medicinal plants are widely used throughout Ethiopia. However, only the safety and efficacy of <i>Plantago lanceolata, Osyris quadripartita, Rumex nepalensis, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachyus</i>, and <i>Urtica simensis</i> have been scientifically studied in animal models. Despite this, many medicinal plants' pharmacological effects and chemistry have not been well studied scientifically. As a result, further bioactive compound characterization, efficacy, mechanism of action evaluation, and toxicity evaluation of medicinal plants should be carried out. A study that can improve the documentation of indigenous knowledge and contribute to drug development and future self-reliance is also recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/c4/ceg-15-171.PMC9517940.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40391878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Perspectives on Indications for Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Older Patients.","authors":"Brandon M Shore,&nbsp;Bharati Kochar,&nbsp;Hans H Herfarth,&nbsp;Edward L Barnes","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S340338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S340338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The population of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades, which necessitates and improved understanding of the critical issues faced by patients in this population. Although restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA remains the surgical procedure of choice for the majority of patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and UC-related dysplasia, the evidence surrounding surgery for older patients UC remains sparse. In particular, comparisons of outcomes among older and younger patients undergoing IPAA and comparisons between older patients undergoing IPAA and those undergoing proctocolectomy with end ileostomy remain an understudied and important issue, as evidence in this area will be used to guide patient-centered surgical choices among older patients who require colectomy for UC. In this narrative review, we review the available literature regarding IPAA for older patients, as well as the pre-, peri-, and postoperative factors that may influence outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/6f/ceg-15-163.PMC9514131.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Esophageal Food Impaction in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Patients: The Role of Clinical and Socioeconomic Factors.","authors":"Tarik Alhmoud,&nbsp;Sami Ghazaleh,&nbsp;Marcel Ghanim,&nbsp;Roberta E Redfern","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S364994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S364994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients present with dysphagia and often suffer from esophageal food impaction (EFI). EFI can lead to life-threatening perforation, and requires emergent endoscopic intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for EFI in EoE patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study performed at a tertiary health-care system. Medical records and endoscopy images of EoE cases were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes including EFIs were documented. We used Zip-code median household income as a surrogate for patients' socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 291 EoE cases were included, mean age was 42 years. Most patients (65%) had classic EoE endoscopic findings including linear furrows and/or concentric rings; however, a significant proportion (47%) had findings suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as the presence of erosive-esophagitis, a hiatal hernia or Schatzki's ring. Forty-eight patients (16%) developed one or more esophageal food impaction (EFI). The risk of EFI was less likely in the absence of furrows and/or rings; odds ratio (OR) = 0.28, 95% CI (0.11, 0.72) [P = 0.008]. Females had less EFI risk; OR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.19, 0.95) [P = 0.04]. The type of medical insurance and socioeconomic status was not associated with EFI risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EFI risk is higher in EoE patients with esophageal furrows and/or rings and in men. Aggressive treatment might be required in this population. GERD and EoE can coexist in many patients. Further studies are required to examine the role of the socioeconomic status in EoE complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/e9/ceg-15-153.PMC9484774.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33475061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis-Induced Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Rectal Perforation, and Pulmonary Embolism: A Long Diagnostic Pathway in a Case Report.","authors":"Behoavy Mahafaly Ralaizanaka,&nbsp;Chantelli Iamblaudiot Razafindrazoto,&nbsp;Eloïse Bolot,&nbsp;Georges Bors,&nbsp;Stéphanie Housson-Wetzel,&nbsp;Soloniaina Hélio Razafimahefa,&nbsp;Rado Manitrala Ramanampamonjy,&nbsp;Pierre Claude","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S373728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S373728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mucormycosis is a rare systemic fungal infection, mainly observed in immunocompromised patients. It is responsible for surface and deep tissue destruction leading to perforations and hemorrhage. Its pathogenesis represented by an angio-invasion is at the origin of a local infarction and a vascular thrombosis. We report a case of gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis-induced multiple gastric ulcers, GI bleeding and rectal perforation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 75-year-old man, with type II diabetes mellitus, was admitted to the intensive care unit for an acute abdominal pain associated with massive hematochezia. Clinical examination was that of an acute peritonitis and a hemorrhagic shock state. Abdominal and pelvic CT scan with intravenous contrast concluded to a perforation of the anterior wall of the rectum. He underwent immediate laparotomy with temporary colostomy. Several upper GI endoscopies had shown multiple gastric ulcer lesions. Lower GI endoscopy showed a fistulous orifice of the rectum on its anterior surface. Histopathology of the gastric biopsy showed acute and subacute inflammatory changes with filamentous elements suggesting mucormycosis. Histopathology of the rectal biopsy showed a subacute non-specific inflammation. Culture of the secretions from the rectal fistula orifice showed the strain <i>Rhizopus</i> sp. Antifungal susceptibility testing reported sensitivity to liposomal amphotericin B. The diagnosis of GI mucormycosis-induced multiple gastric ulcers, rectal perforation and pulmonary embolism in the patient with type II diabetes mellitus was retained. The outcomes were favorable after 6 weeks of treatment with liposomal amphotericin B associated with temporary colostomy and appropriate diabetes management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GI mucormycosis remains a multidisciplinary diagnostic challenge, less frequent in clinical practice, with a long diagnostic pathway. This opportunistic systemic mycosis can lead to numerous GI complications including perforation, massive GI bleeding and even multiple extra-GI complications. GI mucormycosis has a good prognosis if it is treated early with medical and surgical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/ec/ceg-15-145.PMC9381012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulated Mucosal Autophagy, Alpha Kinase-1 and IL-17 Signaling Pathways in Active and Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Luiza Moraes Holst,&nbsp;Jonas Halfvarson,&nbsp;Marie Carlson,&nbsp;Charlotte Hedin,&nbsp;Robert Kruse,&nbsp;Carl Mårten Lindqvist,&nbsp;Daniel Bergemalm,&nbsp;Sven Almér,&nbsp;Francesca Bresso,&nbsp;Maria Ling Lundström,&nbsp;Dirk Repsilber,&nbsp;Mauro D'Amato,&nbsp;Åsa Keita,&nbsp;Henrik Hjortswang,&nbsp;Johan Söderholm,&nbsp;Johanna Sundin,&nbsp;Hans Törnblom,&nbsp;Magnus Simrén,&nbsp;Hans Strid,&nbsp;Maria K Magnusson,&nbsp;Lena Öhman","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S368040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S368040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improved mucosal immune profiling in active and quiescent colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is needed to develop therapeutic options for treating and preventing flares. This study therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive mucosal characterization with emphasis on immunological host response of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC active), UC during remission (UC remission) and active colonic Crohn's disease (CD active).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Colonic biopsies from 47 study subjects were collected for gene expression and pathway analyses using the NanoString host-response panel, including 776 genes and 56 immune-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of mucosal gene expression and signaling pathway scores were increased in active IBD (n=27) compared to healthy subjects (n=10). However, both active IBD and UC remission (n=10) demonstrated decreased gene expression and signaling pathway scores related to autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways compared to healthy subjects. Further, UC remission was characterized by decreased scores of several signaling pathways linked to homeostasis along with increased mononuclear cell migration pathway score as compared to healthy subjects. No major differences in the colonic mucosal gene expression between CD active (n=7) and UC (n=20) active were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways are persistently downregulated in UC irrespective of disease activity. Further, UC patients in remission present a unique mucosal environment, potentially preventing patients from reaching and sustaining true homeostasis. These findings may enable better comprehension of the remitting and relapsing pattern of colonic IBD and guide future treatment and prevention of flares.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9343467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40582687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Bile.","authors":"Monjur Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S360563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S360563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bile is a unique body fluid synthesized in our liver. Enterohepatic circulation preserves bile in our body through its efficient synthesis, transport, absorption, and reuptake. Bile is the main excretory route for bile salts, bilirubin, and potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances. The primary way of eliminating cholesterol is bile. Although bile has many organic and inorganic contents, bile acid is the most physiologically active component. Bile acids have a multitude of critical physiologic functions in our body. These include emulsification of dietary fat, absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, maintaining glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, sustenance of intestinal epithelial integrity and epithelial cell proliferation, reducing inflammation in the intestine, and prevention of enteric infection due to its antimicrobial properties. But bile acids can be harmful in certain altered conditions like cholecystectomy, terminal ileal disease or resection, cholestasis, duodenogastric bile reflux, duodenogastroesophageal bile reflux, and bile acid diarrhea. Bile acids can have malignant potentials as well. There are also important diagnostic and therapeutic roles of bile acid and bile acid modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/54/ceg-15-105.PMC9309561.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40651122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterolith Causing Small Bowel Obstruction: Report of a Case and Review of Literature.","authors":"Oshin Sharma,&nbsp;Dhiraj Mallik,&nbsp;Sukrati Ranjan,&nbsp;Poonam Sherwani,&nbsp;Navin Kumar,&nbsp;Somprakas Basu","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S369640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S369640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterolithiasis, also known as gastro-intestinal concretions, is an uncommon medical disorder that arises from intestinal stasis. Enteroliths are commonly caused by tuberculosis-related constriction and arise from intestinal diverticula. Small bowel obstruction caused by an enterolith is extremely uncommon and might be difficult to diagnose. The mortality rate of uncomplicated enterolithiasis is relatively low, but it rises to 3% in patients who have background comorbid illness, have significant bowel obstruction, and are diagnosed late. We present a rare case of an uncomplicated partial intestinal obstruction caused by an enterolith in an elderly male patient with small bowel diverticular disease who was treated nonoperatively and did not develop further symptoms in the six-month follow-up and discuss the difficulty in diagnosis and its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/13/ceg-15-101.PMC9292452.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40525011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Telemedicine in Gastroenterology Out-Patient Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences from a Tertiary-Care Hospital in a Developing Country.","authors":"Anjiya Shaikh,&nbsp;Maria Khan,&nbsp;Faisal Waseem Ismail","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S361381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S361381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Telemedicine is being widely implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic to avoid infection risk. However, its effectiveness has not been evaluated, especially in developing countries, where it is invaluable for healthcare access. This study assesses physicians' and patients' perspectives of the usefulness and challenges of telemedicine in the gastroenterology department to identify its pitfalls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted on patients presenting to the gastroenterology department at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. An online survey was sent to physicians in the department.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 160 patients participated, with a mean age 49.8 years, and 42.8% (n=68) males. There were 23.8% (n=38) initial visits and 76.3% (n=122) follow-ups. More than 85% of patients agreed telemedicine saved cost and time, 46.5% (n=74) said it improved healthcare access, and 76.3% (n=122) wanted to use it again. More than 80% were satisfied with the physician-patient interaction. Of the 7 physicians who participated, most felt telemedicine was inadequately facilitated, but felt comfortable with technology. Most felt it did not negatively affect healthcare, but thought it was complex for patients and that lack of physical interaction is a limitation. Nearly half were in favor of continuing its use after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Telemedicine is an effective alternative to in-person visits. Patients find it convenient, with adequate interaction. Physicians have reservations that need addressal, such as poor administration. Most patients and half of physicians are welcome to using telemedicine in the post-COVID era.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/b2/ceg-15-91.PMC9211076.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40394184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology, Clinical Presentations, and Short-Term Treatment Outcomes of Extrahepatic Obstructive Jaundice in South-Western Uganda.","authors":"Charles Newton Odongo,&nbsp;Carlos Cabrera Dreque,&nbsp;David Mutiibwa,&nbsp;Felix Bongomin,&nbsp;Felix Oyania,&nbsp;Mvuyo Maqhawe Sikhondze,&nbsp;Moses Acan,&nbsp;Raymond Atwine,&nbsp;Fred Kirya,&nbsp;Martin Situma","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S356977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S356977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (EHOJ) remains a challenge and is often made late in low-resource settings. Systematic data are limited on the etiology and prognosis of patients with obstructive jaundice in Uganda. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, clinical presentations, and short-term treatment outcomes of patients managed for EHOJ at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in south-western Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between September 2019 and May 2020, we prospectively enrolled a cohort of patients who presented with EHOJ at MRRH. A pretested, semi-structured data collection tool was used to abstract data from both the study participants and their files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients, 42 (58.3%) of whom were male with a median age of 56 (range of 2 months to 95 years) were studied. Forty-two (58.3%) participants had malignancies: Pancreatic head tumors 20 (27.8%), cholangiocarcinoma 13 (18.1%), duodenal cancers 5 (6.94%), and gall bladder cancer 4 (5.6%). The remaining 30 (41.7%) participants had benign etiologies: choledocholithiasis 10 (13.9%), biliary atresia 7 (9.7%), pancreatic pseudo cyst 6 (8.3%), Mirizzi syndrome 5 (6.9%) and 1 (1.4%) each of chronic pancreatitis and choledochal cyst. Sixty-seven (93.1%) patients presented with right upper quadrant tenderness, 65 (90.3%) abdominal pain and 55 (76.3%) clay-colored stool. Cholecystectomy 11 (25.6%) and cholecystojejunostomy + jejunojejunostomy 8 (18.6%) were the commonest procedures performed. Twelve (17.0%) of cases received chemotherapy (epirubicin/cisplatin/capecitabine) for pancreatic head tumors and (gemcitabine/oxaliplatine) for cholangiocarcinoma. Mortality rate was 29.2% in the study, of which malignancy carried the highest mortality 20 (95.24%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malignancy was the main cause of EHOJ observed in more than half of the patients. Interventions aimed at early recognition and appropriate referral are key in this population to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":" ","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/b2/ceg-15-79.PMC9199528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40041574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Pharmacological and Endoscopic Treatment for Worsening Gastroesophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis","authors":"V. Pepe, P. Angeli, M. Di Pascoli","doi":"10.2147/CEG.S355392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S355392","url":null,"abstract":"Background At the present time, in patients with liver cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices, primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding made with combination therapy with non-selective β-blockers (NSBBs) and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is not recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with worsening varices while on NSBBs regimen benefit, in terms of bleeding and survival, from adding treatment with EBL. Methods Patients with cirrhosis and endoscopic finding of gastroesophageal varices with high risk feature (increased variceal size and/or development of red signs) during primary prophylaxis with NSBBs, followed at the Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University and General Hospital of Padova, Italy, from 2012 to 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. When an increased bleeding risk of the varices was confirmed, patients maintained the pharmacological therapy alone or underwent also EBL. The primary endpoint of the study was the rate of variceal bleeding, the secondary endpoint was mortality at 30 months. Results Compared to patients treated only with NSBBs (n=56), in patients treated also with EBL (n=45), the 30‐month probability of variceal bleeding (29.1% vs 5.1%; P =0.036) was significantly reduced, while the probability of survival was similar (59.6% vs 65.7%; P=0.61). On multivariate analysis, treatment with EBL was found to be a weak protective factor for mortality (HR 0.47, P=0.044). Conclusion In patients with liver cirrhosis, when varices show endoscopic feature of increased haemorrhagic risk, adding EBL to NSBBs is effective in reducing the probability of first bleeding.","PeriodicalId":10208,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology","volume":"15 1","pages":"59 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44145119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}