Reaction Chemistry & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enabling easy access to flow chemistry: stainless steel reactors with a heating and cooling device printed using a standard FDM 3D printer","authors":"Christian C. Mahlenbrey, Florian Menzel, Thomas Ziegler and Jochen M. Neumaier","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00326A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00326A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Continuous production of chemicals under flow conditions is one of the most modern synthesis methods in the industry. The industry takes full advantage by using primarily stainless steel reactors. These industrial reactors are very expensive, and the more cost-effective alternatives, such as coiled tubes, often lack sufficient mixing capacities and are not suitable for laboratory work due to their large volume. Herein we present 3D-printed stainless steel (316L) flow reactors, which could be printed using a standard desktop FDM printer, making this technology easily accessible for every research facility. Thermal conductivity is one of the major advantages in choosing stainless steel as the reactor material. Therefore, we developed an application that allows the reactor to be heated or cooled directly, making the device very compact and easy to handle. The reactor can be heated directly up to 200 °C with a heating element, and the cooling can be accomplished using a Peltier element reaching temperatures under −20 °C. To investigate the functionality of the microreactors, we performed a Diels–Alder reaction with methyl vinyl ketone and a cannabinoid derivative at high temperatures and a subsequent reduction of the carbonyl group with DIBAL-H at low temperatures. In addition to its high thermal conductivity, stainless steel also features favorable chemical and mechanical resistance, highlighting the need for a convenient and simple way to manufacture such reactors. With this technology, we aim to provide a solution that enhances usability and amplifies the impact of flow chemistry in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 2","pages":" 449-457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00326a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoflow production of mercaptosilane-armored rose bengal for organodisulfide synthesis","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Chang, Yen-Ku Wu and Hsin-Yun Hsu","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00218D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00218D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We have developed a facile flow system to encapsulate photosensitizers (rose bengal) in the silica matrix <em>via</em> photocrosslinking to form redox-responsive silica nanocomposites pf-ReSiNPs with a throughput &gt; one order of magnitude than that of batch synthesis. The organodisulfide synthesis <em>via</em> pf-ReSiNPs effectively addresses the issues of photobleaching, purification, and environmental impact, typically seen using photosensitizers as catalysts in reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 12","pages":" 2808-2812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145537676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pt–Ag and Pt–Ag–Sn bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 for direct propane dehydrogenation","authors":"Ghasem Kasaeian, Cavus Falamaki, Mehrdad Mozaffarian and Reihaneh Daroughegi","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00345H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00345H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance assessment of Pt–Ag and Pt–Ag–Sn bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts supported on KOH-treated γ-Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> for the direct propane dehydrogenation reaction have been carried out. The bimetallic catalysts contained 0.3 wt% Pt and 0.5 wt% K, with <em>x</em> = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1, corresponding to the amount of Ag (0.3Pt–<em>x</em>Ag/0.5K–Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>). The trimetallic catalysts contained 0.3 wt% Pt, 0.7 wt% Sn and 0.5 wt% K, with the same <em>x</em> values for Ag (0.3Pt–<em>x</em>Ag–0.7Sn/0.5K–Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>). The catalytic tests were run on real samples (1.8 mm spheres). The 0.3Pt–0.9Ag–0.7Sn/0.5K–Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> composition resulted in the highest yield of propylene (31.4%), highest propylene selectivity (79.3%) and minimum deactivation after 200 min on stream at a gas hourly space velocity of 10 000 cm<small>³</small> g per catalyst per h at a reaction temperature of 580 °C, comparable to the performance of a DeH-16 commercial catalyst under the same operating conditions. Based on X-ray diffraction, H<small>₂</small>-temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH<small>₃</small>-temperature-programmed desorption, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and temperature-programmed oxidation analysis, the performance of the optimum sample was attributed to the synergetic electronic and geometrical effects induced by the formation of Pt–Ag and Pt–Sn alloys and partial coverage of support acidic sites by Ag and Sn clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":" 280-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 based on an extensive dataset","authors":"Gabriela Rodrigues Niquini, Karla Herrera Delgado, Stephan Pitter and Jörg Sauer","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00330J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00330J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The kinetics of CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation to methanol over a self-developed Cu/ZnO/ZrO<small>₂</small> (CZZ) catalyst was studied in a wide range of process conditions. Experiments were performed at industrially relevant pressures (30–60 bar) and temperatures (190–250 °C), as well as H<small>₂</small> to CO<small>₂</small> ratios between 1 and 6, addressing the use of hydrogen from renewable energy sources and the use of CO<small>₂</small> as a C1 raw material in Power-to-X technologies. The CZZ catalyst has shown improved performance and higher stability in CO<small>₂</small> hydrogenation to methanol in comparison to other Cu/ZnO-based catalysts. A mathematical description of the kinetics is crucial to enable model-based design for the industrial implementation of this catalyst. Therefore, a lumped 6-parameter kinetic model was developed to fit the experimental data, resulting in one of the predictive models with the broadest validity range (experimental database of 500 points) for the CZZ system. This new kinetic model is compared to state-of-the-art literature models with more parameters, and our model performs equally well or even better in terms of sensitivity to process parameters and extrapolability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 2","pages":" 381-391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00330j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the effects of crystallization parameters on affordable semi-industrial scale synthesis of high-performance H-[B]-ZSM-5 for conversion of methanol to propylene (MTP)","authors":"Amirhossein Zabihpour, Javad Ahmadpour and Fereydoon Yaripour","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00403A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00403A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In light of the prohibitive expense associated with commercially available ZSM-5 catalysts, this investigation aimed to develop a cost-effective alternative exhibiting similar or superior catalytic activity compared to existing benchmarks. Unlike traditional synthesis optimization techniques, which typically employ isolated modification strategies, this study presents an innovative multiple-approach methodology, combining boron incorporation and application of a suspension form ball-milled silicalite-1 seed with adjusting the crystallization parameters, for the production of high-silica H-[B]-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 200), the factors that have frequently been overlooked in the majority of studies. Through systematic variation of crystallization time and temperature, an integrated synthesis protocol was established, yielding enhanced catalytic performance beyond conventional optimization techniques. Building on extensive prior investigations, H-[B]-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized using ball-milled silicalite-1 seeds under various crystallization time and temperature (CtT) conditions (150–170 °C, 18–42 hours). The properties of the samples were characterized through XRD, FE-SEM, BET, NH<small>₃</small>-TPD, and FT-IR analyses. The catalytic performance in the MTP reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor under severe operating conditions (WHSV = 8 h<small>⁻¹</small>, MeOH/H<small>₂</small>O = 90/10). The optimal CtT conditions (170 °C, 18 h) at a semi-industrial scale (2.5 L) resulted in a H-[B]-ZSM-5 catalyst with high crystallinity, appropriate acidity, and superior catalytic activity (377 g<small>_propylene</small> g<small>_cat</small><small>⁻¹</small>), accompanied by a reduction in preparation time and energy consumption (18 h <em>vs.</em> 48 h for the conventional catalyst with 10 °C less required temperature). Demonstrating a 47% enhancement in catalytic performance compared to the commercial benchmark (255 g<small>_propylene</small> g<small>_cat</small><small>⁻¹</small>) under identical reaction conditions, this study establishes a scalable and cost-effective strategy for fabricating high-performance H-[B]-ZSM-5 tailored for industrial MTP applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 2","pages":" 405-428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the automated determination of pKa by NMR in DMSO : water mixtures","authors":"Erik N. A. Sundén, Staffan Karlsson, Christoph Bauer and Per-Ola Norrby","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00402K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00402K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The measurement of p<em>K</em><small>_a</small> values for water insoluble compounds has long posed a challenge to pharmaceutical development. Previous work has focused on solubilizing such compounds by admixture of water miscible organic solvents followed by potentiometric titrations. Herein, a method to determine aqueous p<em>K</em><small>_a</small> values in water : dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures is presented using automated NMR titrations. The aqueous p<em>K</em><small>_a</small> was calculated by the Yasuda–Shedlovsky extrapolation. This method offers several advantages notably that sparingly water-soluble compounds can be measured and the location of each p<em>K</em><small>_a</small> value in the molecular structure can be determined. The method was benchmarked against several well-known p<em>K</em><small>_a</small> values as well as demonstrated on some heterocyclic building blocks and an FDA approved drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 2","pages":" 359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a Ga-doped MnMoO4 porous flower-like structure and study on its supercapacitor performance","authors":"Xinjia Zhang, Jingmin Ma, Jian Hao, Jing Wang and Shimiao Peng","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00343A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00343A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, Ga-doped MnMoO<small>₄</small> self-supported flower-like structured electrode materials were successfully prepared by the sol–gel method. The research results show that the introduction of gallium not only enhances the conductivity and charge transfer rate of MnMoO<small>₄</small>, but also improves the electrolyte permeability and ionic transport capacity by introducing oxygen vacancies and lattice defects. In addition, the self-supported flower-like structure increases the specific surface area of the material, enhances the structural stability of the material, provides more transport channels for ions, and improves the electrochemical reaction rate and cycling stability of the material. In the three-electrode test system, the specific capacitance of Ga-doped flower-like MnMoO<small>₄</small> decreased from 1376 F g<small>⁻¹</small> to 1358 F g<small>⁻¹</small> after 10 000 cycles at a high current density of 15 A g<small>⁻¹</small>, with a retention rate of 98.6%. This fully demonstrates that this material has excellent stability in terms of cycle life. It exhibits outstanding cycle life. Moreover, after the performance of the carbon nanotube (CNT) material is enhanced, its excellent conductivity and ionic diffusion properties provide strong support for efficient energy storage. The Ga-doped flower-like MnMoO<small>₄</small>//CNT device, after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g<small>⁻¹</small>, saw a decrease in specific capacitance from the initial 255 F g<small>⁻¹</small> to 249 F g<small>⁻¹</small>, with a capacitance retention rate of 97.6%, providing an effective strategy for the design and development of high-performance supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":" 254-268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic model for synergistic solvent extraction of mineral acids by tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine and 1-octanol","authors":"Rayco Lommelen and Koen Binnemans","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00386E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00386E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recovery of excess acid after leaching is essential in circular hydrometallurgical processes, because it reduces reagent consumption and generates less waste. Solvent extraction can be used for acid recovery from aqueous solutions. This study presents a thermodynamic model for the synergistic solvent extraction of H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small>, HCl, and methanesulphonic acid (MSA) using tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine (TEHA) and 1-octanol in <em>n</em>-dodecane. The model is developed using the mixed-solvent electrolyte (MSE) framework of OLI Systems, integrating an extensive set of own experimental data and literature data. It captures both individual and synergistic extraction behaviours and accurately calculates equilibrium properties such as acid distribution, water uptake by the solvent, volume change during extraction, and organic phase mass density at room and elevated temperatures. Validation with H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> recovery from NiSO<small>₄</small> solutions confirms its predictive capabilities for industrially relevant conditions. This work offers a robust tool for designing acid recovery processes through solvent extraction and gives mechanistic insights into the studied extractant systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":" 234-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00386e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General approach for automated purification of quantum dots using size-exclusion chromatography","authors":"Rui Hua Jeff Xu, Conan Huang, Logan P. Keating, Yunpei Duan, Moonsub Shim and Paul J. A. Kenis","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00302D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00302D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are a class of materials with size and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties that show potential for a range of applications. Discovery of new QDs with interesting properties and optimization of their synthesis require a rapid, generalizable, and scalable purification method to separate QDs from reaction mixtures. This paper describes a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based approach that enables rapid, efficient separation of QDs from crude QD reaction mixtures. Using commercially available C-18 capped silica columns and off-the-shelf components, we report an automated liquid-chromatography platform with integrated optical characterization (UV-vis) for in-line optical characterization. This platform was used to investigate the effects of column operating parameters on QD separation performance and was further validated using six crude QD samples of different sizes, shapes, and compositions. Ligand coverage of the purified QD fractions can be tuned by controlling column parameters, with higher temperatures and residence times leading to ligand shedding of QDs. NMR analysis of purified QDs showed reduced solvent and ligand impurities when compared to samples purified using a precipitation–redissolution method. This SEC method provides a rapid (&lt;2 min) approach for one-step purification of crude QDs on analytical or preparative scales and can be seamlessly integrated into existing QD or other nanocrystal research workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":" 306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00302d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An accessible and efficient 3D printed modular ‘M-Arc’ photoreactor","authors":"Rowan M. Bailey, Mónica Martínez-Aguirre, Bernd Schaefer, Mark R. Crimmin and Philip W. Miller","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00395D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00395D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photochemistry has recently re-emerged at the forefront of chemical development, however, access to affordable and reliable photoreactors that generate reproducible results is a continued challenge for researchers in the field. Herein we present an open-source 3D printable ‘M-Arc’ photoreactor, named for its modularity and internal arc structure. The M-Arc reactor features modular batch and flow reactor inserts, ports for one or two light sources and a fan unit for maintaining temperature control. The reactor was benchmarked against commercially available photoreactors using chemical actinometry and three classical photochemical transformations: photoisomerisation, dehalogenation and a cross-coupling amination reaction. Photon delivery in the M-Arc reactor was improved 3.25-fold compared to a commercial reactor which translated into enhanced rate of reaction for all three tested photoreactions. Using the flow reactor insert, a further rate improvement for photoisomerization was achieved, ultimately demonstrating a 15 times rate improvement <em>versus</em> the HepatoChem PhotoRedOx Box™ market product.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":" 228-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00395d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}