The teacher of the future最新文献

{"title":"MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND IMPORTANCE OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY INFLENZAE – А VIRUS","authors":"Z. Cvetanovska, Vaso Taleski","doi":"10.35120/kij31041057c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041057c","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is one of the commonest acute viral respiratory infections with a great potential for spreading as an epidemic or pandemic appearance. Until 2009 relevant data about types and subtypes of influenza viruses circulated in Republic of Macedonia, did not exist. Since pandemic in 2009, molecular method RT-PCR was introduced real time detection of types and subtypes of influenza viruses, which enabled continuously and accurate follow up. Flu differ in types and subtypes presence in each new season, with great influence on number of patients and deaths caused by influenza viral infections. In season 2009/2010 - type Influenza A dominated, subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 54.343 cases were registered and 30 deaths. In season 2010/2011 – co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with small domination of subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 27.635 cases were registered and 17 deaths. In season 2011/2012 - dominant was type Influenza A, subtype A (H3N2). Total number of 9.732 cases were registered and only one case of death. In season 2012/2013 - co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with domination of subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 24.524 were registered, no deaths. In season 2013/2014 - co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with domination of subtype A (H3N2). Total number of 29.074 were registered and 12 deaths. In season 2014/2015 - dominant was type Influenza B, and also Influenza A subtype A(H3N2) circulated. Total number of reported cases was 33.228, no deaths. In season 2015/2016 - Influenza A, subtype A(H1N1) pdm was dominant. During same period, type Influenza B, subtype Victoria was detected as well. Total number of reported cases was 29.094 and 2 deaths. In season 2016/2017 - type Influenza A, subtype A/H3, was dominant. Total number of reported cases was 35.079 and 2 deaths. In season 2017/2018 година – simultaneously circulation of types Influenza А and Influenza B, with domination of lineage B/Yamagata. Total number of 23.954 cases were registered, no deaths. In season 2018/2019 - highest number of cases were caused by type Influenza A subtype A(H1) pdm, in co-circulation with Influenza А(H3). Total number of reported cases was 21.404 and 29 deaths, that present the highest number of deaths in correlation with number of diseased.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121507053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STANDARDIZATION AS AN APPROACH TO IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY WORK","authors":"Denitsa Trancheva","doi":"10.35120/kij31041143t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041143t","url":null,"abstract":"Standardization is defined as an activity that regulates the general and repetitive application of a system of prescriptions on different (including specific) issues in order to achieve optimal order in certain circumstances. It involves the creation, dissemination and implementation of standards aimed at improving the common properties (quality, suitability, etc.) of products, processes and services. Standards are documents that contain rules, norms, and requirements for a product or service, in order to achieve better efficiency and meet the expectations of consumers and customers. Standards are means of information, serving to improve quality, to support the economic development and contributing to the benefit of the whole Society. The term ‘Standard’ is at the core of the standardization process. Applied to the health system, the standard is a regulatory document developed on the basis of different consensus and validated by a relevant body. This regulatory document establishes a set of rules and requirements concerning different types of medical activities and the results of their implementation. An important objective of each healthcare system is to provide the population with accessible, quality and safe medical care. The introduction of a system of standards in healthcare and in medicine, in particular, is a powerful tool for its achievement. This ensures high quality of the medical assistance offered, a rational use of financial, material and personnel resources as well as an optimization of the diagnostic and healing process. Standards set a minimum/optimal level of Quality Assurance through mandatory requirements that are the basis of State guarantees for affordable medical care, range and types of health services, lists of specific technologies with proven effectiveness, as well as guidelines to further improve the level of quality by formulating further scientifically substantiated recommendations. Standards allow for aggregation of information, which leads to optimization of solutions at all levels in the healthcare system. Standardization is one of the main means of achieving and maintaining the necessary level and one of the main tools in Quality Management. In laboratory medicine, standardization is an approach for the optimization of clinical and laboratory activities. The provision of high quality services is the responsibility of every professional working in the respective diagnostic structure. The quality and standardization in the Specialization of “Clinical Laboratory” are focused not only on the accuracy of laboratory results, but also they step on a broader basis, including each stage of the clinical and laboratory analysis, in order to make important medical decisions subject to patient care.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116225038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DIAGNOSIS OF PHLEUM PRATENSE AS ALERGOGEN ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN WHITE LABORATORY RAT","authors":"Hristijan Spasov, M. Spasov, I. Gjorgoski, Majlinda Ademi","doi":"10.35120/kij3104975s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104975s","url":null,"abstract":"Allergic reactions in the body are initiated by non-pathogenic allergens that cause hypersensitivity to the immune system of the type I hypersensitivity group, characterized by excessive activation of the cells of the white blood cell, mast cells and basophils by IgE, resulting in an inflammatory response. The particles of the allergen in the body mainly penetrate the mucous membranes of the body openings causing a series of reactions by activating T cells and B cells. The main symptoms of allergic reactions are secretion from the mucous membrane, irritation, swelling with itching and redness.\u0000The aim of the research came from the assume that in the white laboratory rat, when treated with an allergen isolated from the pollen of the Phleum pratense plant, there may be an allergic reaction, and hence a change in some parameters of the immune system.As a result of these assumptions the following specific goals were set. To determine the change in the concentration of immunoglobulins in serum from the blood taken from the rats every week for a month, to determine the variation in the total number of leukocytes, determine the number of basophils that compared to the reference value will indicate whether there are certain changes. The basophils were the target of the study because it is known that their number is the same with the number of mast cells that also increase during the allergic reaction. Our goal was also to determine the changes in the above parameters in relation to the different concentration of the allergen.As an experimental model we used white laboratory rats from the Wistar kind.All of them were female at the age of 6 to 9 weeks. The chosen age is due to their genetic predisposition to develop Th2-type cells that are involved in the immune response to the model of the allergy that has been studied. The rats were divided into three groups of six animals, the first group of rats being treated with an allergen in a quantity of 5 μL, adsorbed in 100 μl Al (OH) 3 (Serva, Heidelburg, Germany, 2 mg / mL) in a total volume of 150 μl sterile PbS., treated with a recombinant allergen from Phleum pratense at room temperature, a second group treated with an allergen in an amount of 2.5 μl, and a third group of control rats that are not treated and serve to compare the results. Our studies have shown that in the treatment with an allergen isolated from the pollen of the plant Phleum pratense at concentrations of 5 μl and 2.5 μl,the white laboratory rat develops an allergic reaction with a change in the concentration of immunoglobulins, changes in the total number of leucocytes, the percentage of lymphocytes , monocytes and basophils. The results obtained by the ELISA test of the two volumes show that the concentrations of immunoglobulins during the experimental period of day by day, are continuously increasing, and are proportional to the volume of the allergen.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122592816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEVEL OF CONFLICT IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS","authors":"E. Raykova, M. Semerdjieva","doi":"10.35120/kij31041157r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041157r","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital conflicts arise in the process of joint work. They may have a negative impact both on medical professionals and teams providing medical care, but they may also provoke a positive effect in the activity of the medical establishment. The level of conflict is an essential indicator reflecting the actual and potential conflicting relationships in the working teams. Systematic tracking of conflict helps to identify actual and potential conflicting relationships and to implement effective measures to solve them and prevent their negative consequences. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the level of conflict in teams providing medical care. Material and methods: By means of direct individual poll was studied the opinion of 302 medical employees at four general hospitals on the territory of the town of Plovdiv and town of Asenovgrad, Bulgaria. Of all respondents, 223 (73.8±2.53%) were healthcare specialists and 79 (26.2±2.53%) were physicians.\u0000A. Velichkov’s Questionnaire for Assessment of Conflicting Relationships in the Organization was used to assess the extent of impaired relationships at the workplace and to determine the existing level of conflict in hospitals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis at a significance level for the null hypothesis p<0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 16.\u0000Results: Medical professionals evaluated the working environment in hospitals as highly conflicting. The assessment of relationships between medical professionals showed that high levels of conflict are predominant in men than in women. There is a tendency to reduce the level of conflict with the increase of age and service of the medical professionals. Conclusion: The level of conflicting relationships that has been established indicates that medical professionals face a high risk of real conflict when practicing their profession. The data are indicative of the presence of unsolved or inadequately managed conflicts in teams providing medical care, which are determined by sex and age. This finding implies that given the specificity of the profession they pursue – a high-risk profession, medical professionals work in a situation of permanent conflict. In the event of an objective problematic situation or threat, they actively enter into conflict.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"380 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133287462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORAL TISSUE CONDITION IN PROSTHODONTIC GERIATRIC PATIENTS","authors":"A. Mijoska, G. Kovacevska, G. Tomov","doi":"10.35120/kij3104865m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104865m","url":null,"abstract":"The world population is continuously getting older in developed and undeveloped countries. According to WHO over 20% of the population in Europe is over 65 years old. Geriatric population in North Macedonia is presented with 16% and with high prevalence of anodontia over 45, 1%, poor oral hygiene and urgent demand of prosthodontics treatment. Aging is a process with different and specific changes of all systems and organs, including the orophacial system. In this population, the number of remaining teeth is evidently reduced, their condition has changed, and soft and hard oral tissues are affected. It is very important to discover all the factors that lead to the development of leukoplakia and other precancerous lesions as early as possible. Precancerous lesions and oral carcinoma are more common in the elderly compared to the younger population. Almost 90% of oral cancers occur in patients older than 50 years. Early detection of oral mucosa diseases in elderly and potentially malignant disorders requires careful examination because of high malignant transformation frequency. The aim of the study was to determine the condition of oral soft tissues in geriatric prosthodontics patients, their general health and the impact of oral health on their quality of life. The value of the VELscope instrument as an adjunct to oral examination in geriatric prosthodontics patients was also evaluated. The study was performed in the University Dental Clinic Ss’ Panteleimon in Skopje, NM. Clinical protocol for 300 patients over 60 years old was questionnaire with risk factors, clinical intra and extraoral observation and VELscope mucosal tissue examination. Tissue changes were classified as inflammatory, traumatic, dysplastic and other. Abnormal tissue was associated with auto fluorescence loss and dark appearance in contrast to the surrounding healthy tissue. In 21% of patients abnormal premalignant lesions were detected. Leukoplakia was the most common premalignant disorder 42 (12, 6%), 16 (4, 8%) had lichen planus, 6 (1, 8%) cheilitis actinica and 5 patients (1, 5%) were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. We found 118 inflammatory lesions (35, 4%) where 58 (17, 4%) were denture stomatitis, 18 (5, 4%) angular cheilitis, traumatic lesions were found in 38 patients (11, 4%) and 4 (1, 2%) were diagnosed with epulis fissuratum. In 54 patients (16, 2%) we diagnosed infectious changes from which aphtous ulcerations and candidiasis were most common. The VELscope fluorescence instrument can be used as a part of diagnostic process to detect abnormal tissue and oral lesions that might have been overlooked.\u0000A validation of the study was carried out and it was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty for dentistry Ss Cyril and Methodius University Skopje on 18.12.2018. No. 02-38363.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114914310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACREDITED MOLECULAR METHODS FOR DETECTION OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY HIV, HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS","authors":"Belinda Gelmanovska, Vaso Taleski","doi":"10.35120/kij3104917g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104917g","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B and C, as well as HIV infections are common pathology in present time. According current assessments 350 million are carriers of Hepatitis B virus, 170 million of Hepatitis C virus and over 60 million infected by HIV. Timely detection and prompt diagnosis of these viral infections are of great importance.\u0000According assessments, in our country about 1 of 50 persons are infected by Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C. From the beginning of the epidemic in 1987, until 2016 total number of registered of HIV/AIDS is 311 (179 with AIDS and 131 HIV positive).\u0000In JZU - University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje, diagnosis of these viral infections are made by accredited molecular diagnostics methods, PCR, at Department for molecular diagnostics using HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA and HIV-RNA. Aims of accreditation of particular procedures in laboratories is protection and advancing of human health, and preventing of spreading of viral infections.\u0000With great success, Department for molecular diagnostics as part of the University Clinic For Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje use the System for quality management according standard MKS EN ISO 15189:2013 for medical laboratories. Accredited molecular methods in use for detection of Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus and HIV are Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Genotypisation of HCV with method of Reverse hybridization.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131960441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSITION OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN IN CORELATION WITH THE LOWER PREMOLARS: A PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY","authors":"M. Petrovski, S. Jovevska, Olivera Terzieva-Petrovska","doi":"10.35120/kij3104889p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104889p","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation of the position of foramen mentale has great significance and it is very important aids in endodontic, oral-surgical, periodontal interventions, as well as diagnostic procedures. Thus, in view of this, the present study was conducted among the population in North Macedonia, to determine the most common location of the mental foramen and to estimate difference in position of foramen mentale in correlation with the second lower premolar teeth. The mental foramen is an opening located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars. Radiographically the foramen mentale can be as an oval or round radiolucent zone in the inferior part of corpus mandible on lateral sides, on the left and right side. Panoramic radiographs are the most commonly used extra-oral radiographic aids in dentistry since they provide a rapid and wide picture of mandible and the maxilla in the same time. This technique allows the adequate localization of foramen mentale. The main aim of study is to evaluate the position of the mental foramen and its relationship with mandibular premolars among the population in Republic of North Macedonia\u0000Material and method: A total number of 250 panoramic radiographs were evaluated for the positioning of the mental foramen. When assessing the position of the mental foramen, its position is determined in relation with the mandibular premolars and the mandibular median line. All radiographic images in which can not be localized and confirmed the presence of the mental aperture was also excluded from the examination. The examination was performed on a negatoscope if it is classical panoramic x-ray or adequate software used for digital panoramic x-rays. If necessary, magnification was used for magnification of the images. The relationship of foramen mentale with the lower premolars was given according to the following classification: (1) if the position of foramen mentale is distally from the line that passes between the second premolar and the first molar in the lower jaw-first class; (2) if the position of foramen mentale is between the vertical central axis of the second premolar and the passing line between the second premolar and the first molar in the lower jaw- second class; (3) if the position of the foramen mentale is between the vertical axis of the second premolar and the line passing between the first and second premolars in the lower jaw- third class; (4) if the position of foramen mentale is between the line that passes between the first and second premolars in the lower jaw and the vertical central axis of the first premolar-fourth class and if the position of foramen mentale is mesially from the vertical center axis of the first premolar- fifth class.\u0000Results: On the basis of the data from our research, it is noted that in near 60%, foramen mentale is positioned between the roots of the first and second lower premolars. The most common position for foramen mentale is the third","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133899466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE PATRONAGE NURSE IN THE PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF DISEASES IN CHILDREN UP TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE","authors":"Donka Kostadinova, G. Panova","doi":"10.35120/kij31041135k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041135k","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of the health visitors’ home visit in prevention and early detection of diseases in children up to 12 months of age was evaluated by analysis of the correlation among the time of the neonatal death and causes of infant mortality in the Republic of North Macedonia for the period 2013-2017. It was found that the infectious diseases were the most attributable for neonatal deaths in infants older than 1 month suggesting the need for higher involvement of the health visitors in addressing this issue. The role of the health visitor is in terms of education, care, promotion of hygiene and improvement of living conditions, as well as in stimulating the exclusive breastfeeding of up to 6 months of age of the infant, and demystifying the parents' doubts regarding timely immunization. Through a cross-sectional on-line survey into the current situation in the Rep. N. Macedonia, it was found that a significant percentage of the respondents were dissatisfied with the counselling approach and the competence of the health visitor; some of them were not even visited by the service. Due to this dissatisfaction, the trust in the medical personnel is reduced, particularly regarding the immunization concerns. The survey data demonstrates the need for improvement of the health visiting service in terms of advancement in counselling skills, rigorous work monitoring, and higher level of health visitors training regarding the recognition of the symptoms of infectious diseases, the methods for successful breastfeeding, and their capability to raise awareness for timely immunization.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121332731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PALLIATIVE CARE AND EUTHANASIA – CONVERGENCE POINTS AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES","authors":"Nikola Sabev","doi":"10.35120/kij31041113s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041113s","url":null,"abstract":"The palliative care for patients focuses primarily on reducing suffering through all stages of the disease, regardless of its form and stage - acute, chronic (compensated and decompensated) or terminal. The palliative medicine is based on an interdisciplinary approach, including the active work of professionals from different fields - physicians, pharmacists, health care professionals, social workers, pedagogues, psychologists whose efforts are aimed at limiting physical, psycho-emotional and social deficits, accompanying mostly the advanced diseases. The palliative care is an integral part of the general health care and is aimed not only at a specific patient or condition, but also supports people and their families through the different stages of their lives. This implies a wide range of knowledge, skills, beliefs and attitudes to provide adequate and comprehensive care for all, especially in the presence of an advanced stage of illness with a focus on the quality of life, the onset of death and overcoming the grief of the loss of a close person. Many international documents on bioethics address the right to life as a human right and dignity, complementing this conclusion with the right to a dignified death. Thus, the euthanasia as a terminal approach and a means of resolving the problem of ending the life, began to penetrate into modern medicine under the influence of a number of factors - scientific, moral, legal, economic, religious, philosophical and social. This makes it more and more from a matter of death (which is inevitable for all organisms) in a managing of the process of dying and its associated unfavorable events such as fear, sorrow and loneliness. It is possible to offer a help in finalizing the life process, where the role of the patient can vary from very active to absolute passive. From the antiquity to the modern times in the different societies, there are different perceptions and attitudes about the occurrence of the death and its support. The proposed paper examines the main components of the palliative care, their organization, goals, methodologies and outcomes, offering an analysis of the awareness and the attitude of a modern Bulgarian population as well as the existing attitudes about the introduction and legalization of the euthanasia as a method of application in patients with terminal or untreated disease.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125205746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN CORRELATION WITH ORAL HYGIENE","authors":"I. Kovacevska, Natasha Longurova, Katerina Zlatanovska","doi":"10.35120/kij3104895k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104895k","url":null,"abstract":"As the most common disease in the human population, caries causes destruction and demineralization of the dental tissues. The etiology of this disease,which affects the hard dental tissues, regardless of age, gender, vital or non-vital teeth, is characterized by multicausal etiology.\u0000Microorganisms in the dental plaque that accrue to the surface of the teeth play a central role in the appearance of dental caries. Appropriate oral hygiene contributes to the elimination of plaque, and is one of the key preventative mechanisms in avoiding the onset of cavities.\u0000The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of caries with oral hygiene in different age groups in Gevgelija.\u0000The research involved 90 patients from both gender, from four clinics in Gevgelija. In relation to their age, the respondents were divided into three groups:\u00001. First group of 30 patients aged 20-30 years\u00002. Second group of 30 patients aged 30-40 years\u00003. Tirth group of 30 patients aged over 40 years\u0000They were given an anonymous questionnaire, composed of two parts: in the first part, patients answered questions about their oral hygiene habits, and the second part consisted of a clinical (intraoral) examination, whereby with the help of inspection and palpation we detected the presence of caries lesions, which were subsequently corrected accordingly. The obtained results were statistically analyzed further.\u0000The results of the study showed that in the first group, 56% of the examinees brush their teeth twice a day, with 20% even three times a day. As for the second group of examinees, the most common was the washing of teeth of only once a day, i.e. 56%. In the third group, which consisted of respondents aged over 40 years, 63% of them brushed their teethonce a day.When it comes to the techniques used for brushing teeth, 53% of the first group practice a circular method, 50% of the second group a horizontal method, while 60% of the third group horizontally wash their teeth as well. As for the clinical trials, caries dominates in the second study group where 134 carious lesions were determined, as well as 167 restorations, while the highest number of endodontically treated teeth, 90, we determined in the third group.\u0000Caries, as a pathological disease affecting hard tooth tissues differently, is present in various age groups. Younger patients are more educated about the importance of their oral health, for an aesthetically better appearance, for an aesthetically more beautiful smile, so they have better oral hygiene maintenance, unlike patients from older groups. Female patients have more regular and better oral hygiene, greater dental attendance, and greater care for their oral health than men. Regular oral hygiene habits, have an impact on dental health and reduce the presence of dental caries.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127423495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}