L. Syzdykova, V. Keyer, R.Y. Arsienko, B.K. Inirbay, A.V. Shustov
{"title":"ADVANCING THE PRODUCTION OF VIRAL VECTORS FOR CAR-T CELL THERAPY IN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"L. Syzdykova, V. Keyer, R.Y. Arsienko, B.K. Inirbay, A.V. Shustov","doi":"10.11134/btp.4.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Therapy of hematological tumors with chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T-cells (CAR-T) is a recent technology which holds promise to become the most significant achievement in oncohematology over the past 20 years. One aspect of the clinically applied CAR-T technology is that the process of production of CAR+ cells requires viral vectors which are used to deliver the CAR gene in T lymphocytes. At present the production of CAR-T therapy depends on the availability of packaged lentiviral or retroviral vectors. There is a worldwide deficiency in a production capacity to produce CAR vectors, and clinical-use vectors are not sold as off-the-shelf products. At the National center for biotechnology the CAR receptor was assembled and this CAR targets the CD19 antigen which is a marker of tumor cells of the B-cell origin, lentiviral vectors were constructed. Studies on the production of packaged vectors were conducted at which three types of transfection reagents were compared for efficiency, in terms of the produced functional titers. A method was developed to measure functional titers using flow cytometry. High titers of the packaged vectors were obtained. As the CAR-T is effective for treatment of patients after failure of traditional therapy, with relapse or refractory disease, all works on transfer of the CAR-T technology to Kazakhstan are of life importance to the patients with blood cancers in the country. The results underscore a necessity to organize a full production process to produce CAR vectors for clinical use and therapeutic cells for the CAR-T therapy at the NCB.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Myrzakhmetova, G.A. Zhapparova, K.B. Bissenbayeva, A.S. Toytanova, M. Tuyskanova, G. Nakhanova, Sergazy Nurabayev, K. Zhugunissov, L. Kutumbetov
{"title":"STANDARTIZATION OF IMMUNOGENICITY OF INACTIVATED VACCINE QAZVAC AGAINST CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 FROM AN EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT STRAIN","authors":"B. Myrzakhmetova, G.A. Zhapparova, K.B. Bissenbayeva, A.S. Toytanova, M. Tuyskanova, G. Nakhanova, Sergazy Nurabayev, K. Zhugunissov, L. Kutumbetov","doi":"10.11134/btp.4.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of studies on the standardization of the immunogenicity of the domestic QazVac vaccine using different methods to recommend the available ones for use in laboratories that do not require special biological protection. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by specific antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, for the detection of which a neutralization reaction and ELISA method were used. Syrian hamsters were taken as model animals. Commercial kits produced by ID-Vet, France, JSC VECTOR-BEST, Russia, as well as experimental samples of the kit manufactured at the Research Institute of Biochemical Biochemistry were used as ELISA test systems. The results obtained showed that in Syrian hamsters vaccinated with the vaccine, from the 14th day of observation, specific virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected in the neutralization reaction in 100% of cases.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"293 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Genievskaya, S. Almerekova, S. Abugalieva, A. Abugalieva, V. Chudinov, Y. Turuspekov
{"title":"GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY FOR GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN SPRING BARLEY COLLECTION GROWN IN NORTH KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Y. Genievskaya, S. Almerekova, S. Abugalieva, A. Abugalieva, V. Chudinov, Y. Turuspekov","doi":"10.11134/btp.4.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is a cereal crop that is grown all over the world. Its grain is used for animal feed, malting, brewing, and food. The quality of barley grain is important, particularly raw starch and protein contents, and it depends on the end-use product. This study looked at a collection of 356 barley accessions from the USA and Kazakhstan grown under conditions of northern Kazakhstan (Karabalyk agricultural experimental station) and genotyped with 1631 polymorphic SNPs markers. The collection was studied for starch (GSC), protein (GPC), cellulose (GCC), and lipids contents (GLC), and for grain test weight (TWL) during two years. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated impact of the year on studied traits and significant associations between grain quality and the yield (P < 0.01). Population structure analysis revealed three subclusters in the studied barley collection with the dominance of the USA’s barley in two of them. As a result of GWAS, 22 significant QTLs (P < 0.001) were identified for the studied grain quality traits including 19 single-trait QTLs, 2 double-trait QTLs, and a one triple-trait QTL. For 16 QTLs, reference quality genes and/or QTLs were found, while the remaining 6 QTLs were presumably novel genetic factors for grain quality traits. As result, these 22 QTLs are expected to be useful for future breeding projects targeting the selection of high grain quality barley cultivars.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"22 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nizkorodova, E. Maltseva, Zh. Berdygulova, D. Naizabayeva, Y. Skiba
{"title":"REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ANTHRAX DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS ON THE TERRITORY OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION","authors":"A. Nizkorodova, E. Maltseva, Zh. Berdygulova, D. Naizabayeva, Y. Skiba","doi":"10.11134/btp.4.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"This review examines anthrax diagnostic tools registered in the national Veterinary Drugs Registers and Medicines and Medical Devices Registers of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Actually, throughout the entire territory of the EAEU, there are natural soil foci of anthrax, which causes annual cases of infection of animals and people. Continuous monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the EAEU countries should be ensured by modern diagnostic tools. All diagnostic tools used for epidemiological surveillance must be registered in the national registers of the EAEU countries. For all test systems and diagnostic kits included in the registers of the EAEU countries, the authors provide comparative characteristics that reflect the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools. An analysis of various methods for identifying the anthrax pathogen, focused on modern molecular diagnostic technologies, is presented. The authors discuss the most important problems associated with improving the efficiency of modern methods for detecting the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Some considerations about the shortcomings in certain areas of early diagnosis of the anthrax microbe are also provided. The authors present a number of proposals that should improve the efficiency of the currently available anthrax monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUANTIFICATION OF SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE IN PROTEOMICS SAMPLE PREPARATION USING METHYLENE BLUE","authors":"A. Kulyyassov, S. Makhsatova","doi":"10.11134/btp.4.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.4.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Anionic detergents like SDC are commonly used in biochemical and molecular biology research for solubilizing and separating proteins and nucleic acids. The detection method using methylene blue (MB) can be employed to determine the concentration of anionic detergents in these experimental preparations. The quantification protocol for surface active substances was optimized, with the consideration of factors such as pH, salts and the spectrophotometer wavelength. Several extraction methods were employed to remove the detergent from the sample, namely, ethyl acetate extraction, mineral oil and acid precipitation. All of the methods have about the same efficiency. The MB method was used as a standard technique for the precise quantification of detergent amounts which allowed as achieving an approximate concentration range between the lower limit of ca. 0.02% and 0.1% of the upper limit. Consequently, we weren’t able to detect the concentration of the detergent lower than 0.02%. In the presence of anionic detergents, the electrostatic interaction between positively charged MB and the anions forms a complex that can be extracted into chloroform, allowing for quantification. Without the formation of this complex, water-soluble MB remains immiscible in chloroform.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Akishev, S. Aktayeva, Yu. Shamsiyeva, A. Tursunbekova, B. Kalemshariv, T. Tultabayeva, B. Khassenov
{"title":"Milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine and camel chymosin for cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk","authors":"Z. Akishev, S. Aktayeva, Yu. Shamsiyeva, A. Tursunbekova, B. Kalemshariv, T. Tultabayeva, B. Khassenov","doi":"10.11134/btp.2.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"Goats and sheep were domesticated during the Neolithic Revolution. Since then, various breeds of goats and sheep have been bred, including dairy ones. In this work, we tested the milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine (Bos taurus) and camel (Camelus bactrianus) chymosins in cow, goat, and ewe milk. The milk-clotting activity of recombinant bovine chymosin for cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk was 12 854 ± 0,61, 5385 ± 0,25 and 14 811 ± 0,72 U/mg. The activity of recombinant camel chymosin was higher by 29%-46% and amounted to 16 590 ± 0,82, 7850 ± 0,34 and 20 700 ± 0,85 U/mg. Proteolytic activity was 1679.97 ± 9.54 and 10 767 ± 54.56 U/mg for recombinant camel and bovine chymosins, respectively. With the recombinant camel chymosin, cheeses were obtained from cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk. The yield of cheese from cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk was 18.0%, 17.3% and 15.3%, respectively. The results indicate the prospects for the use of recombinant camel chymosin as the coagulation enzyme in the processing of cow’s, goat’s and ewes’ milk to cheeses. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132337685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JUSTIFICATION OF THE SHELF LIFE OF FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS BASED ON GOAT'S MILK","authors":"S. Nadirova, Y. Sinyavskiy","doi":"10.11134/btp.2.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies on the number of survival of lactic acid bacteria, which determine the shelf life of fermented milk products during storage. The studies were carried out at the Department of Food Biotechnology of the Almaty Technological University, as well as in the laboratory of biotechnology of specialized products and dietary supplements of the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition. In the preparation of fermented milk products, a starter consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus fermentum 14 was used. Lactobacillus fermentum 14, as a probiotic, exhibits antagonistic properties, which helps to extend the shelf life and does not allow yeast and mold to grow in the final products. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, in turn, synthesizes a specific enzyme, peptidoglycan hydrolase, which is responsible for the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan which is an important component of the bacterial cell wall. When dairy products are enriched with biologically active substances of berry syrups Lactobacillus bulgaricus actively synthesizes extracellular polysaccharides, which improve the structure of the clot, increase stability and prevent syneresis. Streptococcus thermophilus is a mild curing thermophilic culture with a high degree of viscosity that promotes the formation of a good clot. Rosehip, hawthorn and mountain ash syrups, grape peel extract enriched fermented milk products with biologically active substances, which improved the growth and development of lactic acid microorganisms. The addition of phytofillers not only enhance the microscopic picture, but also improves the consistency and odors of the products.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khassenova, A. Shybayeva, G. Alzhanova, N. Imamuratova
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING A PROBIOTIC STRAIN LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS C-2, PROMISING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STARTER CULTURES AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVES","authors":"A. Khassenova, A. Shybayeva, G. Alzhanova, N. Imamuratova","doi":"10.11134/btp.2.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid probiotic bacteria can be widely used for the prevention and treatment of patients with various diseases, such as acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, to restore intestinal microbiocenosis, in combination with antibiotic therapy. The form of intake of these microorganisms is diverse: fermented milk products, drugs, dietary supplements.\u0000In the production of lactic acid starters, including the probiotic strain Lactobacillus bulgaricus, there are problems in the selection of nutrient media and conditions for deep cultivation, the selection of methods and conditions for concentration, and the selection of cryoprotectants for freeze drying.\u0000This article presents all the data for the production of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus C-2 strain in powder form with the maximum yield of microorganism cells, promising for introduction into the composition of starter cultures for the dairy industry and into biologically active additives with a probiotic effect. The Lactobacillus bulgaricus C-2 strain was isolated from koumiss and stored in the collection of the branch of the Republican State Enterprise on the REM of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan \"National Center for Biotechnology\" in Stepnogorsk. The production nutrient medium, conditions for deep cultivation, methods and conditions of concentration were selected, optimal cryoprotectants for freeze-drying were selected.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132668767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aktayeva, A. Sarsen, A. Mussakhmetov, A. Kiribayeva, A. Tursunbekova, B. Khassenov
{"title":"Development of microbiological diffusion inhibition test for the determination of antibiotic residues in the milk","authors":"S. Aktayeva, A. Sarsen, A. Mussakhmetov, A. Kiribayeva, A. Tursunbekova, B. Khassenov","doi":"10.11134/btp.2.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial agents are used in animal husbandry for the prevention and treatment of diseases in farm animals and have become an indispensable aspect of commercial livestock production. Antimicrobial therapy is well-established as a component of comprehensive preventive measures aimed at minimizing diseases in farm animals and has been incorporated into procedures directed at promoting livestock growth and productivity. Bacillus licheniformis strain T7 is susceptible to the antibiotics clidamycin, rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol, has good sporogenic properties, grows rapidly on nutrient agar at 30-55 °C, pH 5.5–8.0, and can serve as a test culture in a microbial inhibitor test. Bacillus licheniformis T7 spores were obtained by growing the culture in Difco sporulation medium and then inactivating the vegetative cells at 90 °C for 20 minutes. Endospores of Bacillus licheniformis T7 co-polymerized with nutrient agar and germinated at 55 °C for 3–3.5 h, resulting in a pH shift from 5.5 to >6.5, which can be measured with an acid-base indicator. Bromocresol purple was suggested as a pH indicator for use in a microbiological inhibition test, wherein the presence of antibiotics or other compounds impeding the development of a microbiological culture could be determined by a change in the agar's color. A microtube- and plate-based microbiological inhibitor test prototype has been developed. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116811228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on crop classification methods based on machine learning using wavelet transformations","authors":"A. Alzhanov, A. Nugumanova, M. Sutula","doi":"10.11134/btp.2.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growing demand for precise and efficient agricultural monitoring and management systems, interest in crop classification using machine learning has significantly increased in recent years. Conventional machine learning algorithms, however, have limitations when dealing with high-dimensional data. Training time is a crucial factor in developing crop classification models, as it directly impacts the model's efficacy and efficiency. Large volumes of data are often needed to train crop classification models properly, making the training procedure laborious and computationally demanding. In this paper, crop classification model training time is reduced by utilizing wavelet decomposition in combination with traditional machine learning techniques such as SVM, Naive Bayes, RF, and others. The performance of different algorithms before and after utilizing wavelet decomposition was evaluated in order to find the way that is the most efficient while using this methodology. Additionally, the significance of quality loss when applying wavelet coefficients was determined. The results of this paper show that applying wavelet transformation coefficients in combination with classification techniques can achieve accuracy levels that are comparable to those achieved by training on the original images. For example, using the Random Forest model in combination with Daubechies transformation coefficients can achieve an accuracy of 0,89 while significantly reducing training time from 11,15 to 3,49 seconds with Haar transformation providing almost identical results. The paper demonstrates the value of using wavelet transforms for crop classification and highlights the significance of accounting for training time when developing accurate and practical crop classification models that may be useful in developing decision support tools for agricultural applications, where it is crucial to make prompt decisions based on current data.","PeriodicalId":101644,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132978747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}