National journal of maxillofacial surgery最新文献

{"title":"A new safer method for extubating patients of submental intubation - A case report.","authors":"Amit D Mahajan, Dinesh Chauhan, Sharvari Daithankar, Aditya Shah","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_206_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_206_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sub-mental intubation is used as an alternative technique for managing airway in cases of panfacial trauma to avoid tracheostomy and make surgical procedures easier. A 33 year male patient with multiple facial fractures was taken for surgery by sub-mental intubation. A modified extubation technique was used, making the procedure the same and easy. In the original Hernandez Altemir technique, extubation is performed by removing the endotracheal tube system with the cuff inflating line and pilot balloon intra-orally. We in the modified extubation procedure did not reverse the pilot balloon and cuff inflating line through the tunnel; we deflated the tracheal balloon first and then cut the cuff inflating line externally, making extubation very easy and safe preventing any damage to the inflating line.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"170-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of wound healing (Vrana Ropana) after lobuloplasty with and without panchavalkala extract. 5% w/v - randomized control trial.","authors":"Adnan F Chhatriwala, Lakshmi Shetty, Arati Dubewar, Harshal Kunjir, Shreya Jeetendra Raut, Gauri Camblay","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_2_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The alternative Indian medicine has been the talk of the hour. This study is an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of the herbal extract panchavalkala in lobuloplasty patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The ultimate aim is to evaluate and compare wound healing (vrana ropana) in bilateral lobuloplasty with and without 5% w/v panchavalkala extract.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A comparative <i>in vivo</i> double-blinded randomized control trial study was carried out in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery on 25 patients having bilateral complete/partial ear lobe clefts.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty-five patients requiring the treatment of bilateral lobuloplasty were divided into two sites: Site A (group 1): lobuloplasty with the use of 5% w/v panchavalkala extract; site B (group 2): lobuloplasty without the use of 5% w/v panchavalkala extract (neosporin). Panchavalkala, which is a combination of the barks of five trees - Ashwatha, Plaksha, Parish, Vata, and Udumbara - is shown to have superior vrana-ropana (wound healing) properties. The goal of the study is to examine the impact of panchavalkala extract on wound healing and its effect in shortening the duration of wound healing.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>The wound healing was assessed after 24 hours, on the 7^th day, 15^th day, and after 1 month post suturing using the criteria including slough, swelling, redness, pain, discharge, tenderness, and malodor. The statistical test used was Mann-Whitney U-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that after 15 days, both the groups showed statistically significant results with respect to slough (<i>P</i> = .012), swelling (<i>P</i> = .021), and redness (<i>P</i> = .039) but showed insignificant results with pain (<i>P</i> = .225), discharge (<i>P</i> = .153), tenderness (<i>P</i> = .077), and malodour (<i>P</i> = .317) at day 15 time interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that 5% W/V panchavalkala extract clinically reduces infection, speeds the debridement of wound, and can be used in vrana ropana in the maxillofacial region and would be an excellent alternative for conventional allopathic ointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of surgically treated oral cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh: A retrospective study.","authors":"Motiur R Molla, Mausumi Iqbal, Md Nazrul Islam, Akhilanand Chaurasia","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_197_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_197_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral cancer is the third most common cancer and a major health issue in Bangladesh. This study aimed to see the prevalence rate, age, site of involvement, gender and its relation with habits, histopathological grading, staging of diseases, and lymph node status.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Biopsy-proven oral cancer patients registered in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, affiliated with the University of Dhaka under the Faculty of Medicine. Patients included in this study were all surgically treated during 2017 to 2021. A total of 103 patients were included for this retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The median age was 60.5 years (range: 31-90 years) with a mean [± standard deviation (SD)] of (58.88 ± 11.35) years [95% confidence interval (CI): 61.10-56.67], where 55.3% were male and 44.7% were female; the maximum involved site was lower gingiva-buccal sulcus extending to retro molar trigone, 34%. The maximum number of patients were betel quid chewer (betel leaf, areca nut mixed, chewing tobacco with slaked lime), that is, 61.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the patients presented with stage IV disease (56.3%). This study aimed to see prevalence of oral cancer patients in a tertiary hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant placement in the atrophic mandibular posterior region using the inferior alveolar nerve bypass technique after assessing the bone relative to the mandibular canal: A prospective interventional pilot study.","authors":"Vandita Srivastava, Rajesh Bansal, Kausik Chattopadhyay, Monika Bansal","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_49_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_49_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior mandible is very challenging because the distance between the crest of the ridge and the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is very less. Inferior alveolar nerve bypass is a technique in which implants are placed bypassing the nerve, lingually or buccally. The objectives are to assess the bone around the mandibular canal on buccal and lingual sides and place implants in the posterior region of the atrophic mandible using the inferior alveolar nerve bypass technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The bone with respect to IAC in 60 sites from 10 patients was assessed on both sides of the atrophic mandible. Measurements were taken at 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm from the mesial aspect of the retromolar pad. After assessment, 20 implants were placed bypassing IAC in five patients, and postoperatively, neurosensitivity test was performed. Descriptive analysis was used to compare the different measurements from the retromolar pad on the right and left sides. Unpaired 't' test was used. A <i>P</i> value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distance of the bone relative to IAC was statistically insignificant on right and left sides. Neurosensitivity test was negative on the first postoperative day. However, after the first and third months, there was positive response on the right side in 80% subjects and 100% on the left side.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental implants were placed successfully in the atrophic mandible, bypassing the IAC. IAC is placed more lingually toward the medial border of the retromolar pad and then becomes buccally in the premolar region. Buccal bypass is safer and easier than lingual bypass due to the lingual position of IAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in cervical posture after maxillary protraction with facemask therapy: A retrospective study.","authors":"Deepak Singh, Vipul K Sharma, Mahesh Khairnar, T P Chaturvedi, Dipti Shastri","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_138_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_138_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask therapy on cervical vertebral column in growing patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cephalometric records of eighteen subjects (10 girls, 8 boys; mean age, 9.47 ± 1.08 years) treated with RME and facemask therapy were included in this study. Angular measurements of three sagittal, one vertical, and eleven cervical parameters were assessed. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to validate the normality of data and equality of the variances was checked using the Levene's test. The difference between the mean values of T1 and T2 was verified using a paired <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference existed between pre- and post-treatment SNA (<i>P</i> < 0.05), SNB (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and ANB (<i>P</i> < 0.05) angles, showing a change in maxillomandibular sagittal relationship. Two upper cervical vertebral parameters, SN-OPT (odontoid process tangent) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and MP-OPT (<i>P</i> < 0.05), also revealed a significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The facemask and RME improves maxillomandibular sagittal skeletal relationship (SNA, SNB, and ANB) in growing class III patients. There was greater forward inclination of craniocervical posture after RME and facemask therapy, and upper cervical vertebral column (SN-OPT) shows highly significant improvement as compared with other cervical parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of crestal bone loss and implant stability during initial healing period between two implant designs: A split-mouth study.","authors":"Ramya Srinivasan, Mayank Singh, Saumyendra Vikram Singh, Raghuwar Dayal Singh, Lakshya Kumar, Pooran Chand","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_21_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_21_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Crestal bone loss common with different implant neck designs has been studied only after a healing period of three months. This study compares the difference in crestal bone loss and implant stability between smooth and microthreaded neck designs during the initial healing period.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This experimental split-mouth study was done at the Department of Prosthodontics. The study enrolled 20 participants with missing mandibular posterior teeth on both sides of the arch, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each subject received smooth-collared (Group SC) and microthread collared (Group MT) implant neck designs on either side for the replacement of mandibular posterior teeth. Alveolar marginal bone loss assessment at the time of implant placement and after three months was done with an intraoral periapical radiograph. Implant stability (ISQ) values were measured by magnetic technology resonance frequency analyzer (RFA) at the above two timelines.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly less crestal bone loss (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) was observed in Group SC as compared to Group MT at the end of three months. ISQ comparison at baseline and three months between Groups SC and MT showed significantly greater mean value for microthreaded implants at baseline but no significant difference at the end of three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smooth-collared implant design showed significantly less crestal bone loss in comparison with microthreaded implant design, probably due to lesser microbial colonization and stress development at the time of placement. As microthreaded collar design had significantly higher implant stability at baseline, such implants may be more favorable for immediate loading protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of analgesic efficacy of pain patches in post-orthodontic extraction-a pilot study.","authors":"Mena Chandrashekharan, K C Vidya, M V Srikar, Yamini N Ghatikar, Sri Sai Aishwarya","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_111_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of a single-dose transdermal patch of ketoprofen compared with that of diclofenac postoperatively after therapeutic extraction of first premolar teeth for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A split-mouth prospective study was conducted on 15 patients aged 15 to 25 years who had required therapeutic extraction of both maxillary and mandibular first premolar teeth bilaterally. A single diclofenac patch was applied for the first and fourth quadrant extractions, and ketoprofen patch was applied for the second and third quadrant extractions after atraumatic therapeutic exodontia at two consecutive appointments with the patient under local anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 15 patients who received ketoprofen patch experienced less postoperative pain in the initial 24 hours when compared to diclofenac patch. Two patients, one from each intervention group, had reported with gastric irritation. The number of rescue analgesic tablets taken within the initial 24 hours postoperatively was statistically insignificant. No complications were observed among the two groups postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the ketoprofen and diclofenac transdermal patches were effective in achieving postoperative analgesia in patients after therapeutic extraction, with ketoprofen superior to diclofenac.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of transdermal patch versus oral diclofenac tablets in orthodontic patients undergoing multiple premolar extractions - A crossover study.","authors":"Deep Shah, Navin Shah, Rishabh Shah, Priyanka Singh, Nikhil Angre, Het Shah","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_164_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_164_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate and compare analgesic effect of transdermal Diclofenac patch and oral Diclofenac tablet post-orthodontic extraction.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>This study was carried out by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital. Thirty-two young pre-orthodontic patients requiring bilateral maxillary and mandibular first premolar extractions were selected for the study. The right maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted first and 50 mg oral Diclofenac sodium tablets were prescribed to be taken thrice a day for three days. In the next appointment, the contralateral first premolars were extracted and a 100-mg transdermal Diclofenac patch was applied once a day for three days. Pain relief and pain intensity with both the Diclofenac formulations were recorded for each of the three postoperative days using 5-point verbal pain intensity and pain relief score charts. The patients were evaluated on the day of extraction, one day after extraction and two days after extraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analyses revealed that there was a gradual increase in pain relief scores and a gradual decrease in pain intensity scores with the use of oral Diclofenac tablets as well as with the transdermal patch. However, patients reported that they were more comfortable using the transdermal patch particularly due to the once-a-day application and lesser frequency of systemic adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transdermal Diclofenac patch provides as potent analgesia as the oral Diclofenac tablets with the added advantage of better patient compliance and may be used for routine post-extraction analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial adherence of titanium surface coated with direct current magnetron sputtered tantalum: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Ankita Singh, Thakur Prasad Chaturvedi, Ragini Tilak, Punit Tiwari","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_144_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_144_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Titanium (Ti) has been used as the main biomaterial for implant devices reason being good physical-chemical properties and favorable biocompatibility with host tissues. However, on exposure to the external environment for example the oral cavity, implants show biofilm formation and microbial adhesion that leads to infection. The objective of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to investigate the influence of tantalum thin-film coating on microbial adherence on CP titanium grade 4 and Ti6Al4V grade 5 alloy against <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans.</i></p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>CP titanium Grade 4 and Ti-based alloy Grade 5 (control samples) and tantalum-coated Cp titanium Grade 4 and Ti-based alloy Grade 5 (test samples). Samples were tested for adhesion of <i>S.</i> <i>aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans.</i> The quantity and metabolic activity of biofilm obtained was measured by CV assay and MTT assay. Statistical analysis was performed. Biofilm structure was visualized with a scanning electron microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant results were obtained for <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation evaluated at 48 h for the amount of bacterial and fungal growth on coated (test) samples as compared to uncoated (control) samples for both CPTi grade 4 group as well as grade 5 Ti alloy. SEM images further confirmed these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that surface modification of dental implant material (CPTi grade 4 group and grade 5 Ti alloy) with tantalum can influence the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans</i>. Tantalum coated Titanium surface has shown a significant reduction in growth of these pathogens indicating enhanced antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of cone beam CT scan in the planning of the surgery of mandibular impacted third molars.","authors":"Luigi Tagliatesta, Matteo Arcari, Federico Guerri, Marco Lorenzoni, Jason M Jones","doi":"10.4103/njms.njms_135_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/njms.njms_135_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility that the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan may facilitate the technical planning of the surgical extraction of third molars, whose roots are located in proximity of or in contact with the inferior alveolar nerve.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This article describes the planning process and the extraction of a lower third molar with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) entrapped through its roots using the 3D reconstruction of a CBCT scan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After-surgery clinical examinations showed normal healing of the surgical wound and no neurological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 3D reprocessing of a CBCT allows the construction of a computer-aided design model to investigate the spatial relationships between the wisdom tooth and the IAN. This method makes it possible to reconstruct a virtual model to preview the tooth and its spatial relationships, simplifying the mental processes of reworking and analyzing the existing relationships in the area, an important aid, especially in cases that are difficult to diagnose with a first-level examination. Indeed, it helps in reducing the risk of intra-operative injury to the nerve during extraction procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":101444,"journal":{"name":"National journal of maxillofacial surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}