Anesthesia and pain medicine最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Application of the Bair Hugger™ core body temperature at wrist region with upper body warming blanket: a prospective observational study. 应用 Bair Hugger™ 上半身保暖毯对手腕部位进行核心体温测量:一项前瞻性观察研究。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23107
Kyung Seo Oh, Yong-Hee Park, Chongwha Baek, Young-Cheol Woo
{"title":"Application of the Bair Hugger™ core body temperature at wrist region with upper body warming blanket: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Kyung Seo Oh, Yong-Hee Park, Chongwha Baek, Young-Cheol Woo","doi":"10.17085/apm.23107","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body temperature monitoring is essential during the perioperative period. However, core body temperature measurement requires invasive device that may cause complications. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of non-invasive Bair Hugger™ core body temperature monitoring system (BHTMS) at the wrist compared with esophageal temperature under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty adult patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II were enrolled. BHTMS sensor was applied at wrist region. After tracheal intubation, an esophageal probe was inserted. Bair Hugger™ upper body warming blankets were used. Esophageal temperature (Teso) and BHTMS at wrist (Twrist) were recorded every 10 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total of 257 pairs of data sets were analyzed: Teso and Twrist had no statistically significant difference (P = 0.103). Median of Teso and Twrist were 36.5°C and 36.4°C. Bland-Altman analysis showed Teso - Twrist of 0.14°C ± 1.44. Subsequently, 99 pairs of 0-40 min data set were analyzed and showed significant difference at 0 and 10 min (P < 0.001) but no significant difference at 20, 30 and 40 min. Bland- Altman plot by times showed difference (Teso - Twrist) of 1.49°C ± 2.00, 0.82°C ± 1.30, 0.29°C ± 1.32, -0.03°C ± 0.84, and -0.12°C ± 0.82 at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BHTMS at wrist area under the upper body warming blanket is a potential alternative other than esophageal temperature for monitoring body temperature after 30 min of anesthesia induction.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10846997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenging issues of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery programs in South Korea. 在韩国实施强化术后恢复计划的挑战性问题。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23096
Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Ho-Jin Lee
{"title":"Challenging issues of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery programs in South Korea.","authors":"Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Ho-Jin Lee","doi":"10.17085/apm.23096","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review discusses the challenges of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs in South Korea. ERAS is a patient-centered perioperative care approach that aims to improve postoperative recovery by minimizing surgical stress and complications. While ERAS has demonstrated significant benefits, its successful implementation faces various barriers such as a lack of manpower and policy support, poor communication and collaboration among perioperative members, resistance to shifting away from outdated practices, and patient-specific risk factors. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors to tailor effective strategies for successful ERAS implementation in South Korea's unique healthcare setting. In this review, we aim to shed light on the current status of ERAS in South Korea and identify key barriers. We hope to encourage Korean anesthesiologists to take a leading role in adopting the ERAS program as the standard for perioperative care. Ultimately, our goal is to improve the surgical outcomes of patients using this proactive approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Considerations regarding anesthesia for renal transplantation. 肾移植手术麻醉的注意事项。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23153
Hyunjee Kim, Hoon Jung
{"title":"Considerations regarding anesthesia for renal transplantation.","authors":"Hyunjee Kim, Hoon Jung","doi":"10.17085/apm.23153","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal transplantation is a complex surgical procedure requiring meticulous anesthetic planning to ensure patient safety and optimal graft function. In this comprehensive review, we examined various aspects of anesthesia management during renal transplantation, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. Preoperative optimization involves the identification and management of risks to mitigate perioperative complications. Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is recommended to correct anemia in transplant recipients with hemoglobin levels below 9-10 g/dl. Intraoperative management focuses on hemodynamic monitoring, maintenance of intravascular volume, and careful selection of anesthetic techniques. Neuromuscular monitoring and the appropriate use of neuromuscular blocking and reversal agents are considered essential. Further, hemodynamic goals include maintaining the mean arterial pressure within the range of 80-110 mmHg. In addition, attention should be paid to perioperative glycemic control, temperature management, and diuretic use. In postoperative management, multimodal analgesia and the prevention of postoperative delirium contribute to optimal recovery. The implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery principles can further improve outcomes. Collaborative efforts among surgical teams, anesthesiologists, and healthcare professionals are crucial for achieving successful renal transplantation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reply to letter to the editor: Inter-transverse process blocks: caution about difference in methods. 回复致编辑的信:横向过程间阻滞:注意方法差异。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23121
Nobuhiro Tanaka, Yuma Kadoya, Takanori Suzuka, Masahiko Kawaguchi
{"title":"Reply to letter to the editor: Inter-transverse process blocks: caution about difference in methods.","authors":"Nobuhiro Tanaka, Yuma Kadoya, Takanori Suzuka, Masahiko Kawaguchi","doi":"10.17085/apm.23121","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"68-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal management strategies for chronic pain after spinal surgery: a comprehensive review. 脊柱手术后慢性疼痛的多模式管理策略:综合综述。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23122
Jung-Pil Yoon, Hong-Sik Son, Jimin Lee, Gyeong-Jo Byeon
{"title":"Multimodal management strategies for chronic pain after spinal surgery: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Jung-Pil Yoon, Hong-Sik Son, Jimin Lee, Gyeong-Jo Byeon","doi":"10.17085/apm.23122","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Chronic pain after spinal surgery\" (CPSS) is a nonspecific term for cases in which the end result of surgery generally does not meet the preoperative expectations of the patient and surgeon. This term has replaced the previous term i.e., failed back surgery syndrome. CPSS is challenging for both patients and doctors. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and technologies, a subset of patients continue to experience persistent or recurrent pain postoperatively. This review provides an overview of the multimodal management for CPSS, ranging from conservative management to revision surgery. Drawing on recent research and clinical experience, we aimed to offer insights into the diverse strategies available to improve the quality of life of CPSS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of pain relief of the cervical radiculopathy between high thoracic erector spinae plane block and cervical epidural injection. 高位胸椎竖脊肌平面阻滞和颈段硬膜外注射对神经根型颈椎病止痛效果的比较。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23064
Ji Hee Hong, Se Nyung Huh
{"title":"Comparison of pain relief of the cervical radiculopathy between high thoracic erector spinae plane block and cervical epidural injection.","authors":"Ji Hee Hong, Se Nyung Huh","doi":"10.17085/apm.23064","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high thoracic erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been used for the management of chronic shoulder pain or arthroscopic shoulder surgery. No study has evaluated the analgesic efficacy of ESPB in patients with cervical radiculopathy although it is a favored and easy technique compared to neuraxial block. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment outcome of cervical radiculopathy using high thoracic ESPB or cervical interlaminar epidural injection (CEPI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 82 patients with neck and arm pain who received CEPI (CEPI group) using 4 ml of 0.1% ropivacaine or high thoracic ipsilateral ESPB (ESPB group) at the T2 or T3 level using 20 ml of 0.1% ropivacaine 20 ml. The degree of pain relief and disability were assessed using an 11-point numerical scale (NRS) and neck disability index (NDI), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CEPI and ESPB groups demonstrated an equal number of patients with excellent pain relief (NRS reduction ≥ 50%). Significant reduction of NRS was found in both groups, and the effect of time was statistically significant in the groups (P < 0.001). The number of patients who showed an excellent improvement in NDI (NDI reduction ≥ 30%) was 20 (48.8%) and 22 (53.7%) in the CEPI and ESPB groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both the CEPI and ESPB demonstrated significant relief in neck and arm pain with improvement in disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does adding muscle relaxant make post-operative pain better? a narrative review of the literature from US and European studies. 添加肌肉松弛剂能改善术后疼痛吗?对美国和欧洲研究文献的叙述性综述。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23055
Ricardo Verdiner, Narjeet Khurmi, Christopher Choukalas, Colby Erickson, Karl Poterack
{"title":"Does adding muscle relaxant make post-operative pain better? a narrative review of the literature from US and European studies.","authors":"Ricardo Verdiner, Narjeet Khurmi, Christopher Choukalas, Colby Erickson, Karl Poterack","doi":"10.17085/apm.23055","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants (CASMR) are widely prescribed as adjuncts for acute and chronic pain. Given the recent interest in multimodal analgesia and reducing opioid consumption, there has been an increase in its use for perioperative/postoperative pain control. The mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of these drugs vary. Their use has been studied in a wide range of operative and non-operative settings. The best evidence for the efficacy of CASMRs is in acute, nonoperative musculoskeletal pain and, in the operative setting, in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and abdominal surgery, including inguinal herniorrhaphy and hemorrhoidectomy. The risk of complications and side effects, coupled with the limited evidence of efficacy, should prompt careful consideration of individual patient circumstances when prescribing CASMRs as part of perioperative pain management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"340-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A comprehensive review of difficult airway management strategies for patient safety. 对患者安全的困难气道管理策略的全面回顾。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23123
Hoon Jung
{"title":"A comprehensive review of difficult airway management strategies for patient safety.","authors":"Hoon Jung","doi":"10.17085/apm.23123","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Difficult airway management is critical to ensuring patient safety. It involves addressing the challenges and failures that can occur, even with skilled healthcare providers, during face mask ventilation, intubation, supraglottic airway placement, invasive airway procedures, or extubation. Although the incidence of the most critical situation in airway management, \"cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate,\" is low at 0.0019-0.04%, its occurrence can have severe consequences, including dental injury, airway injury, hypoxic brain damage, and even death. This study aimed to offer healthcare providers a comprehensive and evidence-based approach for difficult airway management by reviewing recent guidelines and incorporating the latest evidence-based practices to improve their preparedness and competence in difficult airway management, and thus ultimately contribute to improved patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of the effects of intraoperative remifentanil and sufentanil infusion on postoperative pain management in robotic gynecological surgery: a retrospective cohort study. 瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼在机器人妇科手术术后疼痛管理中的作用比较:一项回顾性队列研究。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23007
Tae-Yun Sung, Young Seok Jee, Sung-Ae Cho, Inho Huh, Seok-Jin Lee, Choon-Kyu Cho
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of intraoperative remifentanil and sufentanil infusion on postoperative pain management in robotic gynecological surgery: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Tae-Yun Sung, Young Seok Jee, Sung-Ae Cho, Inho Huh, Seok-Jin Lee, Choon-Kyu Cho","doi":"10.17085/apm.23007","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Remifentanil and sufentanil are potent short-acting synthetic opioid analgesics. The administration of remifentanil has been associated with the incidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia may be alleviated when opioids, such as morphine, are switched to sufentanil. Therefore, this retrospective observational study aimed to compare the effects of remifentanil and sufentanil on postoperative pain in patients undergoing robotic gynecological surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent elective robotic gynecological surgery between January 2016 and February 2021. The patients were classified into sufentanil (n = 159) or remifentanil (n = 359) groups according to the opioids administered continuously during anesthesia. The primary outcome assessed in this study was the postoperative pain score measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes assessed included the recovery time (from discontinuation of opioid infusion to extubation) and frequency of rescue analgesic administration in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recovery time did not differ significantly between the two groups. The NRS score for pain (median [1Q, 3Q]) in the PACU was significantly lower in the sufentanil group than in the remifentanil group (2 [2, 3] vs. 4 [3, 7], P < 0.001). The frequency of rescue analgesic administration in the PACU was 6.3% and 35.4% in the sufentanil and remifentanil groups, respectively (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sufentanil, as an adjunct to sevoflurane anesthesia is more advantageous than remifentanil in terms of postoperative pain control during robotic gynecological surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"376-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The sniffing position facilitated easier light wand guided endotracheal intubation compared with the neutral position with chin-lift. 与下巴抬高的中立位置相比,嗅闻位置更容易进行光棒引导的气管插管。
Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23079
Gunn Hee Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Yun Jae Han, Mi Jung Yun
{"title":"The sniffing position facilitated easier light wand guided endotracheal intubation compared with the neutral position with chin-lift.","authors":"Gunn Hee Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Yun Jae Han, Mi Jung Yun","doi":"10.17085/apm.23079","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.23079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditionally, the patient's head is placed in a neutral position with a chin-lift to facilitate light wand guided endotracheal intubation. However, our study found that the sniffing position was more effective. In this study, we aimed to compare the two positions of light wand guided endotracheal intubation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty adult patients were included in the study, after obtaining informed consent, and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group in a neutral position with a chin-lift (group C, n = 30) and a sniffing position group (group S, n = 30). In group C, the anesthesiologist inserted a light wand after lifting the patient's mandible using the thumb of their non-dominant hand inside the patient's mouth. In group S, a light wand was inserted after the patient's head was flexed with the neck extended. We assessed variables such as light-search time, number of intubation attempts, time to achieve intubation, and side effects including blood tinge on the endotracheal tube, hoarseness, sore throat, and anesthesiologist satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The light-search and intubation times were shorter in group S than in group C. The incidence of blood tinge on the endotracheal tube was higher in group C than in group S. Anesthesiologist satisfaction was higher in group S than in group C.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sniffing position was more effective in facilitating light wand guided endotracheal intubation than the neutral position with a chin-lift.</p>","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"431-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71430818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信