Tropical biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"House dust mites eradication treatments: Current updates emphasizing on tropical countries.","authors":"I Seow, Z Y Siew, S T Wong, S F Wong, C M Fang, M S Kan, K Voon","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.005","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>House Dust Mites (HDMs) like Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) and Blomia tropicalis (B. tropicalis) were found all over the world. Their relationship with allergy diseases was one of the focal points of epidemiological investigations spanning various geographical regions globally but specifically in regions with warm temperatures. Their omnipresence underscores their pivotal role in the etiology and exacerbation of some respiratory disorders, emphasizing their significance as environmental allergens. Despite the availability of numerous eradication treatments ranging from sun exposure to ozone-based approaches, the quest for efficacious HDM eradication encounters obstacles due to the diversity in study methodologies employed to evaluate these different intervention strategies. This methodological heterogeneity complicates the quantification of treatment efficacy, impeding the establishment of definitive criteria distinguishing \"effective\" from \"ineffective\" approaches. Despite the urgency of developing solutions, current efforts are hindered by this lack of consensus. This review aims to bridge this gap by synthesizing existing knowledge on HDM eradication strategies and discussing their efficacy, safety, and practicality. By addressing these discrepancies, this article endeavors to provide insights and clues for the future development of evidence-based interventions aimed at mitigating HDM infestations and ultimately reducing its sensitization rate worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"450-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural intestinal parasite infection in synanthropic migratory Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, in central Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"N F Md Khir, Z Ya'cob, M S Mansor, N A Ismail, U N S Daud, N Sahimin","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.003","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migratory birds are potential vectors transmitting zoonotic parasites, bacteria, and viruses that can significantly affect human health. Over 60 diseases have been identified to be associated with these birds. Given their close proximity to human habitation, the potential transmission of zoonotic diseases is a major concern for the public. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the droppings of the Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, a bird species that annually migrates to Malaysia. Eighty droppings from H. rustica were collected; 13.75% of the samples were found to be positive for various parasites, including Ascaridia galli (8.75%), Eimeria sp. (2.5%), Hymenolepis spp. (1.25%), and Toxocara spp. (1.25%). These findings offer valuable insights into the current prevalence of bird parasitic infections. They can serve as a crucial resource for implementing effective control measures, devising prevention strategies, and predicting future outbreaks of parasite infections transmitted by birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"438-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic activity and pathophysiological effect of Allium sativum crude extract against carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.","authors":"P Pechdee, A Boonsuya, P Arunsan, C Thanchonnang, N La, N K Rattanapitoon, T Laha, W Nuansing, S K Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.002","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opisthorchis viverrini poses a substantial risk for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) remains the primary treatment for opisthorchiasis, its association with adverse effects and potential CCA development during prolonged treatment, particularly in cases of reinfection and chronic infection, underscores the imperative for alternative herbal interventions with anthelmintic potential. In this context, a prior study suggested the inhibitory effects of Allium sativum L. (garlic) on various protozoa and helminths, prompting the investigation of its efficacy against O. viverrini in this study. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of garlic against O. viverrini. O. viverrini adult worms were exposed to varying concentrations of garlic crude extract (20, 30, and 40 mg/ml). As comparators, another set of adult worms was treated with PZQ (20 mg/ml) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium, serving as the positive and negative control groups. The quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as markers of oxidative stress was executed using 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Morphological damage of O. viverrini adult worms were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, motility assessment was conducted at various exposure times (0, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours) by estimating relative motility values and survival index. The results revealed significantly elevated ROS levels and distinctive morphological damage, characterized by swelling of microvilli and papillae in the garlic-treated groups. In contrast, the positive control group exhibited minor morphological damage, while the negative control group did not display such alterations. The reduction in movement and increased mortality were observed in the groups treated with garlic, as evidenced by the RM and SI values, in comparison to both the positive and negative control groups. These findings suggest that garlic extract possesses potent anthelmintic properties against O. viverrini adult worms and holds promise as an alternative therapeutic avenue for Opisthorchiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"427-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular detection of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and molecular screening of other vector-borne pathogens in camels from the greater Cairo metropolitan area, Egypt.","authors":"M M Amer, A M Soliman, T Do, L Hang, S A Es El-Sayed, J Jaroszewski, U K Mohanta, X Xuan","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.S.005","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.S.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Egypt, knowledge about vector-borne bacterial pathogens in camels remains limited. To address this gap, 181 blood samples from adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the greater Cairo metropolitan area were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Through PCR assays, four pathogens were detected, where Anaplasmataceae being the most common (54.7%), followed by hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (29.3%), Rickettsia spp. (12.2%), and Coxiella burnetii (1.7%). Comparative sequence analysis revealed novel findings, including: 1) the identification of two distinct hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., one closely related to bovine Mycoplasma sp. (Mycoplasma wenyonii), and the other closely related to porcine Mycoplasma sp. (Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis); and 2) the detection of Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Additionally, Anaplasma platys, Rickettsia africae, and Coxiella burnetii were identified as well. It's worth noting that these vector-borne pathogens possess zoonotic potential, emphasizing the need for adopting a \"One Health\" approach in Egypt to safeguard the wellbeing of both humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"412-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Allium sativum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Eurycoma longifolia crude extracts on the minute intestinal fluke, Haplorchis taichui.","authors":"P Pechdee, A Boonsuya, P Arunsan, C Thanchonnang, N La, N K Rattanapitoon, P Pholyiam, K Punnasirimangmee, S K Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.016","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haplorchis taichui is the minute intestinal fluke (MIF), presents a significant public health concern in Thailand. Despite praziquantel (PZQ) being the main treatment, concerns over recurrent use and drug resistance have surfaced. Thus, local herbal alternatives effective against gastrointestinal parasites could be crucial for reducing issues, necessitating exploration of herbal sources for alternative treatments. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of crude extracts from Allium sativum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Eurycoma longifolia against H. taichui newly excysted juveniles (NEJ). H. taichui NEJs were exposed to varying concentrations of A. sativum (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml), T. laurifolia, and E. longifolia (100, 200, and 400 mg/ml), alongside PZQ (20 mg/ml) and RPMI culture medium as controls. Motility assessment at different exposure times and morphological surface changes were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Treatment with A. sativum, T. laurifolia, and E. longifolia inhibited motility in H. taichui NEJs, resulting in reduced relative motility (RM) values and survival index (SI). Significant differences were noted in A. sativum and E. longifolia treated groups, with T. laurifolia showing no significant differences compared to the negative control. Morphological damage, especially tegumental swelling, was evident across all treatment groups, notably severe in the A. sativum group. These findings suggest the potential effectiveness of crude extracts of A. sativum, T. laurifolia, and E. longifolia against H. taichui NEJs. However, further investigations are necessary to understand their mechanisms and key bioactive compounds for developing effective anti-parasitic agents against helminthic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"543-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood meal analysis: unveiling the feeding preferences of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a dengue-endemic area.","authors":"N K Jeyaprakasam, V T V Naidu, I Vythilingam, A Saeung","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.013","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have suggested animals as possible reservoir hosts for flaviviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes; however, there is limited evidence for the dengue virus in Malaysia. One of the possible ways to determine the zoonotic potential for any pathogen transmission is through blood meal analysis which can provide valuable insights into the feeding preferences of the mosquitoes. Unfortunately, limited information is available on the feeding preferences of Aedes mosquitoes in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to identify the blood-feeding preferences of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from different ecotypes in Selangor, Malaysia. The field mosquitoes were collected using a modified backpack aspirator and CDC light trap. The collected mosquitoes were initially classified based on degrees of blood digestion according to the Sella scale before extracting the DNA. The presence of vertebrate DNA was detected using nested PCR, and samples positive for vertebrate DNA were further subjected to species-specific PCR targeting the common animals found at the study locations. In general, 51 of 187 field caught Aedes mosquitoes were positive for the presence of vertebrate DNA in their blood meal. The most frequent blood meal source was human (38.2%), followed by monkey (12.7%), bovine (10.9%), chicken (7.3%) and dog (3.6%). The human blood index (HBI) of Ae. albopictus collected across the four different ecotypes revealed that, Ae. albopictus collected near human dwellings showed 100% anthropophilic tendency. Interestingly, there were two Aedes mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti (n=1) and Ae. albopictus (n=1) positive for both human and monkey blood. Since sylvatic dengue continues to flourish in Southeast Asia, this finding from blood meal analysis shows the potential for zoonotic transmission by Aedes mosquitoes in these locations. However, further research must be carried out to understand the role of animals as potential reservoir hosts for the dengue virus, especially through the detection of the virus in the blood meal.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"518-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metarhizium anisopliae: current status and future in hard ticks control in Asia.","authors":"N F A M Azmi, S S Choong, T L Peng, S A Syazwan","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.015","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks exert a significant economic impact on the livestock industry, particularly in Asian regions. Presently, chemical acaricides constitute the primary method employed to combat tick infestations in livestock, but their use carries adverse environmental consequences. Overreliance on acaricides has contaminated milk and meat products with chemical residues while fostering tick resistance to these agents due to improper and intensive application. Various alternative methods have been explored, including using vaccines to manage tick populations. However, the efficacy of these treatments varies and is often limited when applied separately. Among these alternatives, entomopathogenic fungi like Metarhizium anisopliae appear to be a promising candidate for tick population control. This fungus can be used independently and in conjunction with other products. This review article explores the current and future prospects of M. anisopliae, where the existing gaps and future directives for using this fungus to control hard ticks in Asian countries are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"533-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of ventilation in prone position in a patient diagnosed with scrub typhus and acute respiratory distress syndrome by using an electrical impedance tomography: a case report.","authors":"L Huang, L N Chen, S W Jia, M Li","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.4.006","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.4.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scrub typhus is an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted through bite of chigger mite larvae and presents with symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache, rash, and a characteristic eschar at the site of mite bites. This report details the case of a woman exhibiting acute febrile illness, bilateral pneumonia, and severe hypoxemia, prompting suspicion of scrub typhus due to the presence of a typical eschar on the pubic mound. The patient underwent combined therapy with azithromycin and doxycycline, alongside supplemental oxygen and prone positioning, with continuous monitoring facilitated by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). Eventually the patient's symptoms improved. This case highlights the importance of timely identification of ARDS in scrub typhus patients and the utility of EIT in monitoring disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"461-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale isolated from commercial Mafriwal cattle in Johor, Malaysia.","authors":"N Nur-Amalina, A M Nur-Sabrina, H A M Muhamad-Ali, A R Mohammad-Sabri, A A Nor-Azlina, N H Basripuzi","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.S.001","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.S.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease in cattle which is mainly caused by Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale. It poses significant economic burdens and threat on livestock industries worldwide. This study aimed to identify Anaplasma spp. infecting the commercial Mafriwal cattle in Johor, Malaysia and investigate their phylogenetic relationship in the population. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the MSP4 gene for A. marginale and the 16s rRNA gene for A. centrale were performed. These assays were conducted on blood samples collected from 242 Mafriwal cattle. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic trees were constructed to analyze the genetic relationships between the Anaplasma spp. The results revealed 57.85% of the sampled population were infected with Anaplasma spp., 21.90% with A. marginale, 9.50% with A. centrale and 26.45% with both A. marginale and A. centrale. BLAST analysis showed 100% similarities between A. marginale sequences from this study and the sequence from a goat in Brazil. Similarly, A. centrale sequences were closely related to strains from tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Panama with 100% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed distinct clades for A. marginale and A. centrale, indicating genetic diversity and specific species differentiation. The findings highlight the endemicity of bovine anaplasmosis in Malaysian cattle populations and potential cross-border transmission routes. Moreover, this study provides the first report of A. centrale prevalence in Malaysia, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance and management efforts. Understanding the genetic diversity and species differentiation of these pathogens is crucial for designing effective control strategies and vaccine development. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the prevalence and genetic dynamics of bovine anaplasmosis among Mafriwal cattle in its largest population in Malaysia for better diagnosis and effective control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in goats in Kelantan, Malaysia.","authors":"T L Peng, S N C Yahya, M Mohamed, R H Hamdan, C S Shean, I A Okene, N I M Sani, N F A Mohamad, S A Syazwan, T E Onyiche","doi":"10.47665/tb.41.S.004","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.41.S.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaplasma species are obligate rickettsial intraerythrocytic pathogens that cause an important tick-borne disease of economic importance in livestock production in many countries. Anaplasma species have been detected from farm animals worldwide, there is a paucity of information on Anaplasma infections in goats from Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the infection rate and identify Anaplasma species and some selected risk factors in goats across selected districts in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 411 blood samples were collected from goats and analysed for Anaplasma species targeting the msp4 gene using conventional PCR and sequencing. The infection risk was determined by breed, age, management system and location. Our results indicate an overall infection rate of 30.9% for Anaplasma species detected. Interestingly, sequencing of selected amplicons revealed the presence of Anaplasma ovis and A. marginale. Data analysis revealed a marked statistically significant association between Anaplasma infection and some variables such as location (district), farm management system, breed, and age (P < 0.05). Specifically, goats raised on intensive management had the highest prevalence of 46.25% (37/80) compared to other management types. Also, with regards to district, goats raised in the coastal region had a higher prevalence of 39.23% (71/181) compared to those raised in inland region 24.35% (56/230). Regarding breed, goats that were of the pure breed had a higher prevalence of Anaplasma species infection 38.19% (97/254) compared to crossbreeds with a prevalence of 19.11% (30/157). Lastly, goats 3 years had the least prevalence 18.99% (34/179). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. marginale and A. ovis in goats from northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. The infected goats were clinically healthy; this revealed the role of goats as a potential reservoir for A. marginale and the presence of A. ovis in goats in Malaysia. Continuous efforts towards tick control must be sustained to ensure high productive yield and reduced disease burden associated with TBPs of goats in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"41 4","pages":"404-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}