Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud最新文献

{"title":"An outbreak of trichophytic tinea capitis in a group of schoolchildren in a rural area of the department of Cauca, Colombia","authors":"Jose Ivo Montaño, Carlos Andrés Pineda, Giovanny Apráez","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7247","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10793873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138816085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of multilevel statistical models in health research: Foundations and generalities","authors":"Andry Yasmid Mera-Mamián, José Moreno-Montoya, Laura Andrea Rodríguez-Villamizar, Diana Isabel Muñoz, Ángela María Segura, Héctor Iván García","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6946","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This topic review aims to present a global vision of multilevel analysis models’ applicability to health research, explaining its theoretical, methodological, and statistical foundations. We describe the basic steps to build these models and examples of their application according to the data hierarchical structure.\u0000It ir worth noticing that before using these models, researchers must have a rationale for needing them, and a statistical evaluation accounting for the variance percentage explained by the observations grouping effect.\u0000The requirements to conduct this type of analysis depends on special conditions such as the type of variables, the number of units per level, or the type of hierarchical structure.\u0000We conclude that multilevel analysis models are a useful tool to integrate information, considering the complexity of the relationships and interactions involved in most health conditions, including the loss of independence between observation units.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138816087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological artifacts associated with laser and electroscalpel gingivectomy: Case series","authors":"Jennifer Orozco,&nbsp;David Rico,&nbsp;Lía Barrios,&nbsp;Vivi Hoyos,&nbsp;Pilar Blanco","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6930","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Over time, efforts have been invested in the design of new instruments that overcome the disadvantages of the gold standard instrument in surgery, the scalpel. As a result, electronic equipment has emerged such as the electric scalpel and laser devices. The available evidence on these instruments suggests that the tissue response is related to each instrument’s physical and biological cutting principles.\u0000Objective. To compare the histological changes in gingiva samples associated with surgical cutting performed with a 940 nm diode laser, a 2780 nm erbium, chromium: yttriumscandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, and an electric scalpel, by presenting a series of cases.\u0000Case presentation. We present three cases of healthy patients undergoing cosmetic surgery. The clinical examination revealed exposure of a keratinized gingiva band greater than 4 mm, normal color and texture in gingival tissue, with a firm consistency and no bleeding on periodontal probing. Gingivectomy was indicated with the following protocols: Diode laser of 940 nm at 1 W, in continuous mode; Er,Cr:YSGG laser of 2780 nm at 2.5 W, 75 Hz, H mode, air 20, water 40, gold tip MT4); and electric scalpel in cutting mode at power level four. Gingival tissue samples were taken and stored in 10% formaldehyde for histological analysis.\u0000Conclusion. All the evaluated cutting instruments generated histological changes produced by the thermal effect, the main ones being collagen coagulation and carbonization. The depth of thermal damage caused by the 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser was much lesser than that induced by the electric scalpel and the 940 nm diode laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10617660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum k13 gene helix domain in samples from native communities of Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú","authors":"Julio Sandoval-Bances,&nbsp;Milagros Saavedra-Samillán,&nbsp;Sonia Huyhua-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Luis M Rojas,&nbsp;Sonia Tejada-Muñoz,&nbsp;Rafael Tapia-Limonchi,&nbsp;Stella M Chenet","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6849","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarial drugs is an obstacle to disease elimination. The artemisinin-resistant genotype of P. falciparum can be assessed by examining polymorphisms in the helix domain of the Pfk13 gene. The World Health Organization recommends these mutations as molecular markers to detect artemisinin-resistant in countries where P. falciparum malaria is endemic.\u0000Objective. To identify artemisinin resistance-related mutations present in the helix domain of the P. falciparum k13 gene.\u0000Materials and methods. We collected a total of 51 samples through passive case detection, positive for Plasmodium by microscopy, from six communities in the district of Río Santiago in Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Molecular species confirmation was performed by real-time PCR and Pfk13 helix domain was amplified and sequenced by capillary electrophoresis. The obtained sequences were compared with the wild type 3D7 reference strain.\u0000Results. A total of 51 positive samples were confirmed for P. falciparum from the communities of Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso and Caterpiza. DNA sequences alignment showed the absence of resistance-associated mutations in the k13 gene of the collected samples.\u0000Discussion. The obtained results are consistent with similar studies conducted in other South American countries, including Perú, so these data provide a baseline for artemisinin-resistance molecular surveillance in the Amazon region and reinforce the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome for tuberculosis in previously treated patients in Cali, Colombia, during the period 2015-2019","authors":"Liddy Varela, Jimena Ortiz, Pamela K García, Lucy Luna, José F Fuertes-Bucheli, Robinson Pacheco","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6961","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. The success rates in the treatment of tuberculosis are suboptimal.\u0000Objective. To identify associated factors with the lack of success of antituberculosis treatment in patients with a tuberculosis treatment history.\u0000Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective, analytical, observational, and cohort study of patients reentering the Mycobacterium program in Cali, Colombia. We included patients over 15 years old with pulmonary tuberculosis between 2015 and 2019 and a history of tuberculosis treatment. Patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis were excluded.\u0000Results. A total of 605 patients with a treatment history were included, 60% due to unfinished treatment and 40% due to relapse. Compared to patients reentering due to relapse (ORa=2.34, CI=1.62-3.38), the independent variables associated with treatment failure at discharge were homelessness (ORa=2.45, CI=1.54-3.89), substance dependence (ORa=1.95, CI=1.24-3.05), tuberculosis/HIV coinfection (ORa=1.69, CI=1.00-2.86), diabetes (ORa=1.89, CI=1.29-2.77), and unfinished previous tuberculosis treatment due to follow-up loss, abandonment, or other causes. Programmatic variables favoring treatment success were voluntary HIV testing counseling (p<0.001) and HIV testing (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusion. Homelessness, substance dependence, tuberculosis/HIV coinfection, diabetes, and incomplete previous treatment due to loss to follow-up, abandonment, or treatment failure hindered the success of antituberculosis. These characteristics should be identified and addressed during the initial care of patients reentering treatment for tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10631542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamases in Colombian clinical isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica between 1997 and 2022","authors":"Edna Catering Rodríguez, Sandra Yamile Saavedra, Lucy Angeline Montaño, Diana Patricia Sossa, Francia Patricia Correa, Jireh Alejandra Vaca, Carolina Duarte","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6891","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Salmonella spp. is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans through contaminated water or food. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is a growing public health problem because these enzymes are resistant to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.\u0000Objective. To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Salmonella spp. isolates received by the acute diarrheal disease/foodborne disease surveillance program of the Grupo de Microbiología of the Instituto Nacional de Salud.\u0000Materials and methods. A total of 444 Salmonella spp. isolates, resistant to at least one of the cephalosporins, were obtained between January 1997 and June 2022. The extendedspectrum β-lactamases phenotype was identified by the double disk test. DNA extraction was carried out by the boiling method, and the blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes were amplified by PCR.\u0000Results. All the isolates were positive for the extended-spectrum β-lactamases test. The genes identified were: blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=200), blaCTX-M (n=177), blaSHV (n=16), blaSHV + blaCTX-M (n=6), blaTEM (n=13) and blaSHV + blaCTX-M + blaTEM (n=3). Twenty-six isolates were negative for the evaluated genes. Positive extended-spectrum β-lactamases isolates were identified in Bogotá and 21 departments: Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Bolívar, Casanare, Cesar, Córdoba, Quindío, Atlántico, Tolima, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Boyacá, Caldas, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Antioquia, Nariño, Santander y Valle del Cauca.\u0000Conclusion. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Salmonella spp. isolates was mainly caused by blaCTX-M. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (44 %; 197/444). The most frequent extended-spectrum β-lactamases-expressing serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Infantis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of artificial inteligence and its possible solutions from a human editorialist point of view","authors":"Diego M López","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7242","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: Case description and literature review.","authors":"José Y Rodríguez,&nbsp;Carolina Duarte,&nbsp;Gerson J Rodríguez,&nbsp;Lucy Angeline Montaño,&nbsp;Miguel A Benítez-Peñuela,&nbsp;Paula Díaz,&nbsp;Olga López,&nbsp;Carlos A Álvarez-Moreno","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6716","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteremia by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is a rare entity associated with high mortality rates. We report a case of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae bacteremia confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and agglutination tests. The clinicoepidemiological characteristics and therapeutic options for this infection are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray radiation dose and associated factors in neonates from the newborn unit of Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia","authors":"Diana Ramírez,&nbsp;Víctor Ramos,&nbsp;Sandra Navarro,&nbsp;Adriana Montealegre,&nbsp;Julia Arciniegas","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6668","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiographs are still widely used, underestimating the risks. This situation is frequent in neonatal care units, generating radiation doses than in adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the received radiation doses when performing radiographs on neonates and the possible factors associated with higher doses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed an observational study of 160 neonates from the newborn unit of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia. We considered the input dose of each radiograph as the dependent variable. Patients were characterized and a multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression was performed to identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 160 newborns and 492 radiographs. The most frequent findings were male patients (n=87, 54.4%), cesarean delivery (n=122, 76.3%), and radiograph\u0000indication for respiratory distress (n=123, 24.9%). One-point eight percent of the patients (n=9) did not have radiograph indication. The most frequently taken radiograph was chest (322, 65.4%). Most radiographs were taken with a computerized equipment (n=352, 71.5%), compared to a digital one (n=140, 28.4%). The median input dose with computerized equipment was 0.112 mGy (0.022, 0.134 mGy), and with the digital equipment was 0.020 mGy (0.019, 0.022 mGy).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The general and specific absorbed radiation doses were measured in neonates with a computerized and a digital equipment. We identified higher doses with the computerized equipment. In addition, it was recognized the correlation between computerized radiography equipment with lower corrected gestational ages as the main factor for dose increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic determinants and mortality of premature newborns in a medium and low-income population in Colombia, 2017-2019.","authors":"Javier Torres-Muñoz,&nbsp;Daniel Alberto Cedeño,&nbsp;Jennifer Murillo,&nbsp;Sofía Torres-Figueroa,&nbsp;Julián Torres-Figueroa","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6863","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The birth of premature babies is a public health problem with a high impact on infant morbidity and mortality. About 40% of mortality in children under five years occurs in the first month of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the association between maternal sociodemographic factors, premature birth, and mortality in newborns under 37 weeks in Santiago de Cali, 2017-2019.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. We evaluated the records of Cali's Municipal Public Health Office. We calculated the crude and adjusted odd ratios and confidence intervals (95%) using the logistic regression model, data processing in Stata 16, and georeferencing the cases in the QGIS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2017 to 2019, premature babies in Cali corresponded to 11% of births. Poor prenatal care increased 3.13 times the risk of being born before 32 weeks (adjusted OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 2.75 - 3.56) and 1.27 times among mothers from outside the city (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.15-1.41). Mortality was 4.29 per 1,000 live births. The mortality risk in newborns weighing less than 1,000 g increased 3.42 times (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 2.85-4.12), delivery by cesarean section in 1.46 (OR = 1.46; CI 95% = 1.14-1.87) and an Apgar score - five minutes after birth- lower than seven in 1.55 times (OR = 1.55; CI 95% = 1.23-1.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that less than three prenatal controls, mothers living outside Cali, afro-ethnicity, and cesarean birth were associated with prematurity of less than 32 weeks. We obtained higher mortality in newborns weighing less than 1,000 g.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}