{"title":"Aducanumab: A look two years after its approval","authors":"Astrid Torres, Loida Camargo, Norman López","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.6967","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.6967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and a critical public health problem. While deaths from cardiovascular diseases have decreased, those attributed to Alzheimer’s disease have increased in recent years with no curative treatment to date. In this context, effective treatment development has become a global priority. Aducanumab is a human anti-amyloid β monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA in June 2021 for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease but failed to show the expected clinical efficacy in phase III trials.\u0000This review analyzes the history of its controversial acceptance, implications, and prospects for future treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilar Calmarza, Rasha Isabel Pérez-Ajami, Carlos Prieto-López, Alba Gallego-Royo, Celia García-Carro, Graciela María Lou-Francés
{"title":"Glycemic control and study of lipid and bone metabolism in type 1 diabetic children","authors":"Pilar Calmarza, Rasha Isabel Pérez-Ajami, Carlos Prieto-López, Alba Gallego-Royo, Celia García-Carro, Graciela María Lou-Francés","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7132","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It is a high-risk factor for developing early cardiovascular disease and it also affects bone health.\u0000Objective. To describe demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters of a population of children with type 1 diabetes, evaluated in the pediatric diabetes unit of a tertiary Spanish hospital.\u0000Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we determined metabolic, lipid, and bone parameters in 124 children with type 1 diabetes who were monitored in the pediatric diabetes unit of the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Zaragoza (Spain) from May 2020 to July 2021.\u0000Results. Children with type 1 diabetes have worse metabolic control of the disease at puberty, but their lipid control is considered acceptable. We found an inverse correlation between bone formation markers and disease duration, as well as with metabolic control.\u0000Conclusion. Bone formation markers are inversely correlated with the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes evolution time. Patients’ lipid and bone profiles are more favorable when metabolic control of the disease is achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Cecilia Agudelo, Edmundo Torres-González, Samuel Agudelo, Arianis Tatiana Ramírez, Kelly Melisa Castañeda, Connor J Kinslow, María Rodríguez-Herrera, Lisa Garland, Yi Xie, Carlos Alberto Orozco, Mark Stoler, Michael Dean, Gloria Inés Sánchez
{"title":"Comparison of Hybribio-H13 and Hybrid Capture® 2 human papillomavirus tests for detection of CIN2+ and CIN3.","authors":"María Cecilia Agudelo, Edmundo Torres-González, Samuel Agudelo, Arianis Tatiana Ramírez, Kelly Melisa Castañeda, Connor J Kinslow, María Rodríguez-Herrera, Lisa Garland, Yi Xie, Carlos Alberto Orozco, Mark Stoler, Michael Dean, Gloria Inés Sánchez","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7061","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low-cost, accurate high-risk HPV tests are needed for cervical cancer screening in limited-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the performance of the low-cost Hybribio-H13 test with the Hybrid Capture® 2 to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2 and CIN3).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Archived baseline samples tested by the Hybrid Capture® 2 from women of the ASCUS-COL trial, aged 20 to 69 years, with biopsy-colposcopy directed diagnosis of CIN2+ (n = 143), CIN3+ (n = 51), and < CIN2 (n = 632) were blindly tested by the Hybribio-H13 test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative sensitivity of the Hybribio-H13 test versus the Hybrid Capture® 2 for detecting CIN2+ was 0.89 (90% CI = 0,80-0,98; NIT = 0,66), and for CIN3+ was 0,92 (90% CI = 0,85-0,98; NIT = 0,35). Relative specificity was 1.19 (90% CI = 1.05-1.33; NIT <0.00001). In the analysis restricted to women older than 30 years, the relative sensitivity of the Hybribio-H13 for CIN3+ was marginally below unity (ratio = 0.97; 90% CI = 0.95-0.99), and the specificity remained higher than the Hybrid Capture® 2 test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Hybribio-H13 test was as specific as the Hybrid Capture® 2 for detecting CIN2+ or CIN3+ but less sensitive. Considering these results and the young age of the population recruited for screening because of ASCUS cytology, we suggest our results warrant the evaluation of the Hybribio-H13 for screening cervical cancer, especially in the evaluated population.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inmaculada Ruiz-López, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Juan Martínez-Fuentes
{"title":"Knowledge domains and emerging trends in non-invasive brain stimulation: A bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace","authors":"Inmaculada Ruiz-López, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Juan Martínez-Fuentes","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7040","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent decades, new non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and protocols have been developed, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify and visualize the intellectual structure of non-invasive brain stimulation through document co-citation analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 30,854 Web of Science-indexed manuscripts and their 1,615,692 references regarding non-invasive brain stimulation, all published from 1988 to 2022. We drew a document co-citation network map using CiteSpace software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most productive journal was Clinical Neurophysiology. The most published institution was the University College London, and the country with the most reports was the USA. The most productive author was Alvaro Pascual-Leone and the most cited author in the non-invasive brain stimulation field was J. C. Rothwell. In addition, the most cited study was that of Rossi et al. (2009). The safe application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and their effects on motor or executive functions is an emerging trend in this research area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current investigation displayed a quantitative scientometric approach and delved into the advancement of non-invasive brain stimulation research by examining the references published in this domain. These findings can be valuable for professionals to picture the patterns of recognition and emerging directions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"139-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Romiplostim use in immune thrombocytopenia: Experience in Cuenca, Ecuador","authors":"Héctor Chiang-Wong, Patricio González-Saldaña","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7059","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. The international consensus and the American Society of Hematology guidelines from 2019 established thrombopoietin analogues as the second-line therapy for primary immune thrombocytopenia cases.\u0000Objectives. To describe romiplostim usefulness in patients with immune thrombocytopenia in a third-level hospital in Cuenca, Ecuador.\u0000Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study in patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated with romiplostim. We evaluated the following variables: age, gender, previous therapies to romiplostim, dose, frequency, complications, change of thrombopoietin analogue, and treatment discontinuation.\u0000Results. We included 21 patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated with romiplostim, with a median age of 49 years. All patients received corticosteroids as first-line treatment. Three patients required longer administration intervals (over a week), with weekly doses lower than those recommended (< 1 μg/kg). Due to lack of efficacy, six patients replaced elthrombopag with romiplostim. Of the total, three suffered thrombotic complications: two had portal venous thrombosis, and one had pulmonary thromboembolism; five of the patients discontinued romiplostim scheme without resuming it.\u0000Conclusions. Romiplostim constitutes a convenient second-line therapy in immune thrombocytopenia. Despite the small sample size, romiplostim early use can minimize toxicities and infectious risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11361702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stroke associated with primary membranous nephropathy in a young adult: Case report","authors":"Juan Pablo Morales","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7117","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stroke in young individuals is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its causes can vary widely, so a thorough investigation by a multidisciplinary team is needed. Pinpointing the precise underlying pathology responsible for the stroke yields benefits for patients, particularly in recurrent events.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 38-year-old man presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of stroke, including right hemiparesis, dysarthria, ataxic gait, and right central facial palsy. The brain magnetic resonance image revealed an ischemic lesion located in the left basal ganglia and near the corona radiata. Following an extensive workup, a diagnosis of nephrotic was reached. Histopathology and the exclusion of secondary causes confirmed primary membranous nephropathy as the underlying condition. The patient underwent treatment tailored to address the specific glomerulopathy, along with anticoagulation therapy and immunosuppression as per current guidelines. Subsequent assessments showed stabilization of renal function, resolution of the edema, and the absence of new thromboembolic events during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nephrotic syndrome should be recognized as a potential underlying cause of stroke in young patients and, therefore, it should be included in the differential diagnosis during the evaluation of patients with coagulopathies. Nephrotic syndrome screening may be done by conducting a simple urinalysis readily available in most healthcare facilities. This underlines the importance of considering renal pathology in the assessment of stroke etiologies, especially when coagulation abnormalities are present.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 Sp. 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenny Andrea Sierra, Leyder Mónica Montaña, Karla Yohanna Rugeles, María Teresa Sandoval, Wilson Sandoval, Karem Johanna Delgado, Jhon Jairo Abella
{"title":"Hearing health and noise exposure in population between 18 to 64 years old in Bogotá, Colombia, 2014-2018","authors":"Jenny Andrea Sierra, Leyder Mónica Montaña, Karla Yohanna Rugeles, María Teresa Sandoval, Wilson Sandoval, Karem Johanna Delgado, Jhon Jairo Abella","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7271","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hearing health is a public health concern that affects the quality of life and can be disturbed by noise exposure, generating auditory and extra-auditory symptoms.\u0000Objective. To identify the hearing health status in adults living in Bogotá and its association with environmental noise exposure and individual and otological factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the hearing health status in adults living in Bogotá and its association with environmental noise exposure and individual and otological factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study using a database with 10,311 records from 2014 to 2018, consigned in a structured survey of noise perception and hearing screening. We performed a descriptive, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the included participants, 35.4% presented hearing impairment. In the perception component, 13.0 % reported not hearing well; 28.8 % had extra-auditory\u0000symptoms, 53.3 % informed otological antecedents and 69.0 % presented discomfort due to extramural noise. In the logistic regression, the variables with the highest association for hearing impairment were living in noisy areas (OR = 1.50) (95% CI: 1.34-1.69), being male (OR = 1.85) (95% CI: 1.64-2.09), increasing age (for each year of life, the risk of hearing impairment increased 6%), and having history of extra-auditory symptoms (OR = 1.86) (95% CI: 1.66-2.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hearing impairment is multi-causal in the studied population. The factors that promote its prevalence are increasing age, being male, smoking, ototoxic medications, living in areas with high noise exposure, and extra-auditory symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 2","pages":"168-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relation between air quality and asthma in high-altitude places, La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m a.s.l.)","authors":"Lizeth Huanca-Laura, Marilyn Aparicio, Demetrio Jemio, Mariana Hurtado, Mayra Huanca, Alexis Chuquimia","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7155","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Asthma is a chronic disease affecting millions of people around the world. Air quality is a major factor in triggering asthma symptoms.\u0000Objective. To analyze air quality and asthma in high-altitude residents of La Paz, Bolivia. Materials and methods. In this analytical, descriptive, and retrospective study, we collected data from patients diagnosed with asthma at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax and the Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura. In addition, air quality monitoring of particulate matter was carried out at the stations of the Red de Monitoreo de la Calidad del Aire.\u0000Results. Women represented 56.9% of cases at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax and the Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura. In both institutions, the average age was 47 years and patients were overweight or obese. Increases in PM2.5 were recorded in autumn, winter and spring from 2014, 2016 to 2019 and 2015 in all four seasons. PM10 showed increases in autumn and winter from 2014 to 2020 within the established limits. We observed a positive and significant association between PM2,5 concentration and the spirometry parameters of forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and “reversibility percentage” or “bronchodilator response percentage”. The association of PM10 and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and peak expiratory flow, was also statistically significant.\u0000Conclusion. Asthma cases occur on average at 47 years of age in overweight or obese people. We observed a positive association between particles PM2,5 and PM10 with\u0000spirometric parameters, stronger with particulate matter PM2,5.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 2","pages":"217-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11357702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Manrique-Castaño, Luis Armando Velásquez-Trujillo, Mariana Ángel Correa, José Humberto Bravo, Lorena Matta Cortes
{"title":"Mucormycosis: A sweet enemy, case series","authors":"Santiago Manrique-Castaño, Luis Armando Velásquez-Trujillo, Mariana Ángel Correa, José Humberto Bravo, Lorena Matta Cortes","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7120","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi of the Mucorales order that occurs in immunocompromised individuals or with loss of skin or mucosa barrier integrity.\u0000This report presents four cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis attended at a third-level hospital in Cali (Colombia) during a period of three years. All patients had different case histories and times of evolution. All four had a previous or de novo diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with glycated hemoglobin higher than 10% on admission. We ruled out other possible pathologies that could explain their immunocompromised condition. Mucormycosis diagnosis was made with direct visualization of hyaline coenocytic hyphae on biopsies.\u0000The basis of treatment was liposomal amphotericin B and surgical debridement. Two patients presented bacterial coinfection. One asked for voluntary discharge without having completed the treatment, and another one died. The remaining two have attended controls and had an adequate evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 2","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11326222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime Martínez-Gallego, Diana Castro-Arroyave, Juan Carlos Quintero, Fernando De la Hoz, Melissa Montoya, Isabela Palacio, María Cristina Navas, Carlos Rojas
{"title":"Factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection in indigenous communities of Colombia","authors":"Jaime Martínez-Gallego, Diana Castro-Arroyave, Juan Carlos Quintero, Fernando De la Hoz, Melissa Montoya, Isabela Palacio, María Cristina Navas, Carlos Rojas","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7243","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Colombia is home to 2 million indigenous people who live in conditions of poverty and with health deficiencies, making them vulnerable to contracting hepatitis B (HBV). Amazonas has a high virus prevalence, and there are barriers to accessing vaccination; thus, part of the population is susceptible to infection.\u0000Objective. To identify factors associated with HBV in Colombian indigenous people.\u0000Materials and Methods. A case-control study of people over 18 years from four departments of Colombia. Cases were identified through the national hepatitis B notification registry (2015-2022). Controls were selected and matched to cases (2:1) by age, sex, ethnicity, and department. Sociodemographic characteristics, factors associated with contact with body fluids, cultural practices, and vaccination history were identified by means of a survey. The ethics committee of the Universidad de Antioquia approved the project.\u0000Results. Seventy five cases and 150 controls from 13 ethnic groups were surveyed. Amazonas contributed 49% of participants, 83% were women, and the median age of\u0000cases was 30 years (IQ range: 27-37). The associated factors were a family history of hepatitis B [adjusted OR: 2.61 (95% CI: 1.09-6.27)] and, in women, the number of\u0000pregnancies [adjusted OR: 1.61 (95% CI 1.02- 2.54)]. The vaccination history showed a protective effect, but the association was not significant.\u0000Conclusion. Aspects associated with family life and unprotected sexual relations seem to be responsible for the potential transmission of the virus. It was not possible to identify associated cultural practices. Innovative and differential strategies are required for indigenous people to achieve a reduction of HBV.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"44 2","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}