Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud最新文献

{"title":"Microplastics in urban environments: The dog as a bioindicator of exposure and human gastrointestinal risk","authors":"Galo Martínez-Cepeda, Daniel Ramos-Sarmiento, Gianina Sailema-Rosado, Allisson Sangache-Guamán, Natalia Bustos-Chávez, Holger Salcán-Guamán, Mario Fernández-Morales, Linda Díaz-Cevallos","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8117","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Microplastics, particles smaller than 5 mm, are an environmental and public health concern due to their widespread presence in domestic environments. They affect humans and animals that share water, food, and environments. In Santo Domingo (Ecuador), companion dogs can act as environmental sentinels, reflecting exposure to these contaminants and their potential association to health problems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate microplastics in dog feces in Santo Domingo and their possible relationship with domestic plastic waste and gastrointestinal diseases in their human tutors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Feces from 27 domestic dogs were analyzed using potassium hydroxide (KOH) digestion and microscopy to identify and quantify microplastics. Daily production of plastic waste in contact with food and the presence of gastrointestinal diseases in tutors were recorded. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate correlations and associations, considering a significance level of α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal samples from 21 dogs contained microplastic particles, with an average of 288.89 microplastic particles per gram, predominantly plastic fibers. The northeastern and northwestern areas showed the highest levels. No significant correlation was found between plastic waste generation and microplastics load (p = 0.194), but a significant association was found with gastrointestinal diseases in tutors (p = 0.027; Cramer's V = 0.463).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs reflect domestic exposure to microplastics, and its study provides evidence of shared risks to both human and animal health. The need to control plastic pollution and promote inter-sectorial preventive research and actions under the One Health approach is reinforced.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"481-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on regulating reparative processes of chronic wounds at the inflammation stage","authors":"Rostislav Shevchenko, Sergey Pavlov, Nataliia Babenko, Marina Kumetchko, Olga Litvinova, Inna Torianyk","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7820","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic wounds remain a major burden for patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Photobiomodulation therapy has demonstrated effectiveness as a physical method to support wound healing.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether photobiomodulation, applied with specific parameters, can modulate the inflammatory microenvironment of chronic wounds by examining its effects on pro and antiinflammatory cytokines, key growth factors, reactive oxygen species levels, and platelet aggregation, integrating these results with histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen rats were randomized into \"intact\", \"control\", and \"experimental\" groups. Chronic wounds were induced in control and experimental groups, with the latter receiving photobiomodulation therapy. Animals were euthanized 3 days postsurgery. Serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-1β, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα, bFGF, and TGF-β1 were measured via ELISA. Platelet aggregation assays and histological examinations were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On day 3, photobiomodulation increased ROS levels in the experimental group by 1.24fold compared with controls and by 1.23fold compared with intact rats. Photobiomodulation reduced IL4 levels by 1.58fold and decreased IL6 levels twofold relative to controls. While IL6 increased in control animals compared with intact rats, photobiomodulation reduced IL6 below intact levels. No significant differences were observed for IL1-β, IL10, TNFα, bFGF, or TGF-β1. Photobiomodulation was associated with reduced platelet aggregation during the inflammatory phase. Histological analysis revealed fewer macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a higher number of fibroblasts in photobiomodulationtreated wounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Photobiomodulation therapy positively influences chronic wound healing by beneficially modulating inflammatory processes and promoting a more favorable tissue repair environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"432-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the pro-healing effect of a commercial formulation of aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare in hyperglycemic mice","authors":"Omar Casadiego, Fernando Rodríguez-Sanabria, Guillermina Baay-Guzmán, Julio Cesar Mantilla, Patricia Escobar","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7976","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Triticum vulgare extract, marketed as Fitostimoline™, is used to stimulate re-epithelialization and tissue regeneration. The use of this extract in chronic ulcers such as diabetic foot ulcers may represent a viable treatment alternative.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the effects of 15% T. vulgare extract cream on wound healing in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Hyperglycemia was induced in mice with a single dose of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg) (group STZ-1) or with multiple doses (30 mg/kg for five consecutive days) (group STZ-2). Excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin, and T. vulgare extract was applied topically twice daily for ten days. We assessed wound closure, histological changes, and inflammatory markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Triticum vulgare extract treatment significantly enhanced wound closure in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice compared to controls. Histological analysis revealed fewer mast cells, reduced inflammation in T. vulgare extract-treated groups, and increased collagen deposition in the treated normoglycemic and STZT-1 groups. Triticum vulgare extract treatment also reduced IL-6 and IL-1β levels in certain hyperglycemic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, in this murine model, the topical application of T. vulgare extract improved wound healing in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions by accelerating closure, improving histological architecture, and rebalancing inflammatory cytokines toward a pro-healing profile, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for diabetic wound care. The findings suggest multiple mechanisms of action for T. vulgare extract. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to elucidate these mechanisms and to fully explore potential clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"393-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological failure in HIV-naïve patients with antiretroviral therapy: A perspective from pharmacological variables","authors":"Carlos Alberto Gómez-Mercado, Paulo Andrés Giraldo-Sánchez, Newar Andrés Giraldo-Alzáte, Ana María Hincapié-Zapata, Juliana Madrigal-Cadavid, Jorge Iván Estrada-Acevedo","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7947","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with HIV. However, a considerable proportion of patients experience virologic failure during treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the relationship between polypharmacy, treatment changes, nonadherence, and failure to claim medication, and virologic failure in HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional observational study with multivariate analysis in people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral treatment at a Colombian health institution between 2007-2022, in a census of 4441 patients, where a multiple binary logistic regression was performed with explanatory factors and crude and adjusted OR, confidence intervals and p were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of virologic failure was 28.1%. The adjusted model demonstrated that polypharmacy, treatment changes, non-adherence, and failure to claim medication were significantly associated with virologic failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy, treatment changes, non-adherence, and failure to claim medication explain virologic failure in HIV patients undergoing ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"445-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural guidelines for the sustainability of the tuberculosis infection control plan","authors":"Mónica Espinosa, Lucy Del Carmen Luna, Claudia Rojas, Gloria Mercedes Puerto, Robinson Pacheco, Claudia Marcela Castro","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8210","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The district of Santiago de Cali is the second territorial entity with the highest number of tuberculosis cases in Colombia. Since 2016, the Secretaría de Salud Pública has implemented the infection control plan in health service provider institutions with active tuberculosis programs, making its evaluation necessary.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To contrast the regulatory aspects and contextual elements that influence the operation of the infection control plan for tuberculosis, in order to document good practices and areas for improvement in health service provider institutions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An evaluative study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted to analyze institutional capacities of the infection control plan. The quantitative component included document review and assessment of administrative, environmental, and respiratory control measures. The qualitative component –through a case study–analyzed regulations, governance, financing, information systems, infrastructure, and staff training. Data were integrated through triangulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average compliance of the infection control plan was 70.8% for administrative measures, 62.1% for environmental control, and 90.5% for respiratory health control.\u0000The study identified the absence of specific national regulations, high staff turnover, lack of training, gaps in investment and environmental system maintenance, and weak monitoring of occupational tuberculosis. Strengths included the identification of respiratory symptomatic individuals and the availability of respiratory protection equipment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Structural gaps were identified, associated with the lack of a national regulatory framework, governance weaknesses, financial limitations, and deficiencies in monitoring and training. It is recommended to define responsibilities, allocate resources, and establish operational protocols in health service provider institutions. Ensuring the sustainability of the infection control plan requires monitoring indicators, periodic audits, and continuous training.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"466-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pediatrics: Comparison between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Colombia","authors":"Paola Marsela Pérez-Camacho, Lina M Sandoval-Calle, Inés Elvira Gómez-Hernández, Jared Vanessa Suaza-Cortés, Silvia Vanessa Rojas-Quintero, María Camila Díaz, Juan Sebastián Victoria, Laura Alejandra Torres-Cánchala, Mario Bustos, Jaime Alberto Patiño-Niño","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8156","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pediatric patients generally present less severe COVID-19 compared with adults; however, clinical outcomes in immunosuppressed children remain heterogeneous and controversial. Some studies suggest a higher risk of complications, whereas others propose that immunosuppression could attenuate the exaggerated inflammatory response associated with severe disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical outcomes of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a highcomplexity center in Colombia during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients under 18 years of age hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 between 2020 and 2023. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between both groups. Descriptive statistics were used, along with chi square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables, and Student’s t test or MannWhitney U test for continuous variables depending on their distribution, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 705 patients were analyzed: 124 (17.6%) immunosuppressed and 581 (82.4%) immunocompetent. Immunosuppressed patients had a higher median age (10 vs. 2 years) and higher mortality (4.03% vs. 2.1%; p < 0.001). In contrast, immunocompetent patients more frequently required intubation upon admission (4.6% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.02) and had a longer hospital stay (6 vs. 5 days; p = 0.04). Renal failure was more common among immunosuppressed patients (2.4% vs. 0.3%; p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immunosuppressed pediatric patients did not show greater acute clinical severity in terms of critical care requirements; however, they presented higher mortality. These findings highlight the variability of outcomes according to immunological status and underscore the need for further studies to identify risk factors and potential protective mechanisms in the pediatric population with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"456-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control strategy with Poecilia reticulata for the reduction of Aedes spp. and Culex sp. in urban stormwater drains: Experience at Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia","authors":"Olga Lucía Velásquez, Gissel Guzmán, Olga Lucía Cuellar, Madelaine Piedrahita, Carlos Alberto Reina","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7960","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dengue is one of the most significant arboviral diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean, with Aedes aegypti as its primary vector. The elimination of breeding sites is the most effective control strategy; however, the presence of stormwater drains in urban environments poses a challenge.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of biological control using Poecilia reticulata in reducing Aedes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and Culex sp. larvae in urban stormwater drains at Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a nine-month follow-up (October 2022 - June 2023). All stormwater drains catch basins at the University were inspected, and 12 catch basins were selected that contained Aedes (A. aegypti and A. albopictus) and Culex sp. mosquito larvae. The number of mosquito larvae by genus, water temperature, and pH were recorded weekly. The intervention involved the introduction and monitoring of P. reticulata, with reintroductions as needed. A Bayesian multilevel logistic regression model was used to estimate the intervention effect, adjusting for environmental factors and variability among stormwater drains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group showed a trend toward lower larval presence, although it did not reach statistical significance (β = -0.90, 95% CI: -2.01 to 0.21). Water temperature was positively associated with larval presence (β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.45), while pH showed a negative association (β = -1.50, 95% CI: -3.06 to -0.06), indicating reduced larval development in more alkaline water.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biological control with P. reticulata showed potential for reducing larval presence. Temperature and pH were key determinants of larval presence, emphasizing the need to consider environmental factors in vector control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Brucella melitensis infection with osteoarticular involvement: First reported cases in Colombia. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.7780","authors":"Biomédica Revista Del Instituto Nacional de Salud","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8614","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retracted article: Brucella melitensis infection with osteoarticular involvement: First reported cases in Colombia\u0000Categoría: Presentación de caso\u0000Recibido: 29/11/2024\u0000Revisado: 09/06/2025\u0000Aceptado: 09/07/2025\u0000Publicación anticipada: 11/07/2025\u0000Publicado: 07/06/2026\u0000Retractado: 11/08/2026\u0000Citación: Díaz RA, Ramírez-Sánchez IC, Montoya D. Infección por Brucella melitensis infection with osteoarticular involvement: First reported cases in Colombia. Biomédica. 2026;46(Supl.1):8-15. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.7780</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"346-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enfermedades huérfanas en Colombia: la imprescindible perspectiva quirúrgica pediátrica.","authors":"Luis Mauricio Figueroa-Gutiérrez, Manuela Eusse Soto","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8621","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"504-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias en pacientes de unidades de cuidados intensivos en dos hospitales de Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2024.","authors":"Valeria Alejandra Chávez, Ariel Nicolás Landa, Johan Alexander Azañero","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8620","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"499-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}