Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud最新文献

{"title":"Doctoral training in virology for pandemic readiness: An strategical need for Colombia and Latin America","authors":"Diana Marcela Pava-Garzón","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8618","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correct vaccination practices begin with proper education: The effect of professional training on vaccine advocacy among healthcare professionals.","authors":"Öznur Tiryaki","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8136","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare professionals, particularly midwives and nurses, have played a fundamental role in global immunization efforts by acting as the primary providers responsible for vaccine administration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in Childhood Vaccination Advocacy Scale scores before and after vaccine advocacy awareness training.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were collected using a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and knowledge regarding vaccine administration, developed by the researcher in accordance with the literature, as well as the Vaccine Advocacy Scale for Childhood Vaccines. This research was designed as a single-group, pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study. Pre-test and post-test scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study was conducted with 249 midwives and/or nurses. The mean age of the participants was 39.40 ± 7.43 years, with an average of 18.01 ± 7.99 years of profesional experience. The mean total score on the Vaccine Advocacy Scale for Childhood Vaccines was 45.19 ± 2.85 before the training and 46.95 ± 1.99 after the training. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that the increase in post-training scores was statistically significant (p = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that participants had relatively high levels of vaccine advocacy even prior to the training. However, the statistically significant improvement in scores post-training clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the educational intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"381-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening strategy for the selection of Leishmania spp. epitopes in humans through molecular interactions analysis: A bioinformatics approach","authors":"Magda Melissa Flórez, Julián Rodríguez, Francy Elaine Torres","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8036","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Leishmania parasite is phagocytized by macrophages and stored in the parasitophorous vacuole; therefore, the activation of Th1-CD4+ lymphocytes is essential to control the infection. Consequently, antigen presentation is critical for such activation, occurring through the binding of short parasite sequences to the MHC class II pocket.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify linear sequences from immunogenic proteins of Leishmania (Viannia) spp. through bioinformatic analysis of human MHC class II molecules.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Linear sequences of GP63, HSP70, and PEPCK were obtained from Leishmania panamensis, and the binding of 15-mer peptides to various HLA-DRβ*04 alleles was predicted. Highly conserved sequences among parasite species with null or low analogy to human proteins were selected. Finally, molecular docking was performed against the HLA-DRβ*04:01 pocket.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six sequences were initially selected as potential natural T-cell epitopes. Among these, GP63267-282, GP63282-297, and PEPCK535-550 demonstrated multiple interactions with the HLA-DR: 04:01 pocket and a consistent N-terminus to C-terminus orientation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three sequences were identified as potential Leishmania Th1 epitopes; however, in vitro validation is necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of antisera for immunohistochemical detection of Zika virus in aldehyde-fixed tissues","authors":"Ladys Sarmiento-Lacera, Gerardo Santamaría, Claudia Yadira Gómez, Alicia Rosales, Taylor Díaz, Diego Álvarez, Sheryll Corchuelo, Jorge Rivera, Alejandra Muñoz, Luz Mila Pinzón, Aura Caterine Rengifo, Verónica Del Pilar Rincón, Orlando Torres-Fernández","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7857","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The nervous system is one of the main targets of the Zika virus. It is essential to have biological reagents to use as diagnostic support and in pathogenesis research that requires aldehyde-fixed tissues.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the utility of two types of antiserums prepared for the detection of Zika virus antigens in cells and tissues fixed in aldehydes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The antiserums were produced in two New Zealand rabbits from a viral isolate from the 2016 Zika outbreak in Colombia. Freund’s adjuvant was used for boosting in one of the animals, while Montanide adjuvant was used in the other. Immunoreaction titrations were performed on Zika-positive cells and tissues. The streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and avidin-biotin-peroxidase methods were used. They were evaluated on experimentally infected samples for Zika and other related and unrelated viruses. Performance was evaluated with samples from other techniques used in the laboratory including vibratome sections, high-resolution optical microscopy samples, and transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was immunoreactivity to Zika virus antigens with both antiserums, mainly in neurons of the cerebral cortex. Immunostaining was also demonstrated in cell culture samples and tissues from experimentally infected animals. There was cross- immunoreactivity with dengue and yellow fever viruses but not with rabies virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The utility of the two antiserums for the detection of Zika virus in samples of human origin and from experimental animals obtained by different histological techniques used for the investigation of Zika virus disease pathogenesis was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"489-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous splenic rupture in Plasmodium vivax malaria","authors":"José Ziade-Benítez, María Trinidad Orozco, Mario J Olivera, Édgar Parra, Julio César Padilla","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7826","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A case of pathological splenic rupture associated with malaria complicated by Plasmodium vivax is presented in a 28-year-old male patient from El Retorno (Guaviare). The patient presented with fever, left side chest pain, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, tachypnea, and signs of hemodynamic hypotension associated with hypovolemic shock. Upon admission, he was treated with intramuscular analgesics (dipyrone, 500 mg, and tramadol, 100 mg) and intravenous fluids.\u0000The hemogram revealed neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia, while the thick smear was positive for P. vivax with 24 000 parasites per μl. During his brief 4-hour hospital stay, the patient experienced progressive deterioration of his general condition, culminating in a cardiopulmonary arrest that did not respond to resuscitation efforts, resulting in his death.\u0000Histopathological examination showed aggregates of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and plasmacytosis. The patient did not receive parenteral antimalarial treatment.\u0000Splenic rupture associated with malaria is a severe and potentially fatal complication. Therefore, any painful splenomegaly in an acute malaria episode should be considered a warning sign of potential splenic rupture.\u0000It is crucial to enhance the awareness of local medical teams regarding this complication, promoting timely diagnosis and treatment to improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple cranial neuropathy secondary to tuberculous meningitis and intracranial tuberculoma in an adolescent","authors":"Daniela Pabón, Christian Andrés Rojas, Carolina Barco","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8106","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurotuberculosis –a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis– accounts for approximately 1% of all cases and is a frequent cause of neurological disability in developing countries. Tuberculous meningitis, the most common form, primarily affects children under 5 years of age, immunocompromised individuals, and HIV-positive patients, although it can also occur in otherwise healthy adolescents. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.\u0000The patient, a 17-year-old adolescent girl, presented with holocranial headache, fever, blurred vision, and somnolence, progressing to paralysis of the III and VI cranial nerves, without classical signs of early meningitis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense nodular lesions on T2-FLAIR sequences in the head of the left caudate nucleus and intraventricularly in the septum pellucidum, with ring enhancement after contrast administration, consistent with tuberculomas. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein levels, and low glucose concentration. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through a positive Xpert™ MTB/RIF test on cerebrospinal fluid for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical improvement was observed following antituberculous therapy and corticosteroids.\u0000This case highlights the importance of considering neurotuberculosis in patients with subacute neurological symptoms, even in adolescents without evident risk factors. Early identification and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent severe neurological sequelae and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"372-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of whooping cough in Colombia: Endemic infant deaths, outbreaks and epidemics","authors":"Álvaro J Idrovo, Claudia Amaya-Castellanos, Silvana Zapata-Bedoya","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8075","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of whooping cough was controlled with vaccination in several countries, but it has re-emerged in recent decades. Little is known about the history of the disease in Colombia. This paper summarizes the history of whooping cough in Colombia, viewed from a population perspective.\u0000Evidence suggests that whooping cough appeared towards the end of the 15th. century in Persia, and since then it has been mostly endemic among children. It must have arrived in Colombia during the 18th. or early 19th. century. In Colombia, major epidemics have occurred, especially before the availability of the Bordetella pertussis vaccine. The most significant epidemics occurred in Bogotá (1814) and Cajicá (1922).\u0000Vaccination was very effective in the second half of the 20th. century, although there were outbreaks among unvaccinated populations in rural and indigenous areas in various parts of the country. Whooping cough is currently a threat to Colombia due to cases brought in from abroad or unvaccinated individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 3","pages":"348-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of single-pass albumin dialysis in a patient with acute liver failure due to dengue: A case report","authors":"Carlos Carvajal, Juan Arias, Santiago Torres","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7682","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is the most common arboviral infection worldwide, and up to 5% of patients may develop severe forms with multiorgan involvement and an increased risk of death. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman from an endemic area, living in an urban setting, who presented with five days of fever associated with myalgias and vaginal bleeding. On admission, severe thrombocytopenia and acute hepatic and renal dysfunction were documented. Despite initial treatment with crystalloids, her condition progressively worsened, leading to acute liver failure and worsening acute kidney injury, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, and single-pass albumin dialysis plus continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration. The patient showed clinical improvement with progressive recovery of liver and kidney function and was transferred to general hospitalization after 12 days in intensive care. This case highlights the potential usefulness of this therapy in patients with acute liver failure in settings without access to advanced liver support systems or when liver transplantation is contraindicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 2","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological analysis of congenital syphilis in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2021 and 2022","authors":"Natalia Arango-Serna, Natalia Carmona-Vargas, Alejandro Díaz-Díaz, Carlos Andrés Vargas-Alzate","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.8040","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.8040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital syphilis is a preventable disease with high morbidity and mortality, whose persistence reflects failures within the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize reports of congenital syphilis in Antioquia in the years 2021 and 2022 and to analyze their relationship with gestational age at the time of birth and diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. All reported cases of congenital syphilis in Antioquia during 2021 and 2022 were analyzed using data from the Instituto Nacional de Salud. Sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare-related variables from the epidemiological surveillance form were described. Frequencies, summary measures and statistical tests were applied to explore associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 375 cases of congenital syphilis were reported, with incidences of 2.9 and 2.3 per 1000 live births in 2021 and 2022, respectively. A total of 54.4% (204/375) of the mothers were of low socioeconomic status, and 86.7% (325/375) of diagnoses occurred in the third trimester. Additionally, 46.4% (174/375) of mothers did not receive prenatal care, and 17.6% (66/375) did not receive penicillin before delivery. Gestational age at delivery was significantly associated with the neonate’s final condition (p < 0.001), prenatal care (p < 0.001), treatment (p < 0.05), and maternal-infant serological outcomes (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Congenital syphilis remains a public health concern in Antioquia, reflecting deficiencies in timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, as well as the influence of social determinants such as low socioeconomic status. Consequently, it is essential to strengthen primary healthcare services, ensure early and continuous prenatal screening, and implement territory-specific strategies aimed at reducing vertical transmission and advancing toward the elimination of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 2","pages":"290-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between genetic ancestry and EDAR rs3827760 genotypes in Latin American populations","authors":"Jorge Briceño, Ángel Roco-Videla, Germán Maríquez-Soto, Sergio V Flores","doi":"10.7705/biomedica.7693","DOIUrl":"10.7705/biomedica.7693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. The EDAR (ectodysplasin A receptor) gene is associated with the development of ectodermal structures. The rs3827760 variant is highly frequent in East Asian and Native American populations, and this study analyzes its relationship with genetic ancestry proportions in a Latin American population sample.\u0000Objective. To analyze how genetic ancestry proportions influence the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3827760 genotypes of the EDAR gene in Latin American populations.\u0000Materials and methods. Genetic ancestry proportions were estimated using a panel of 446 ancestry-informative SNPs, applying the STRUCTURE program and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.\u0000Results. Native American ancestry proportions showed a significant positive association with the prevalence of rs3827760 GG genotypes, while European ancestry showed a negative association.\u0000Conclusion. Native American and European genetic ancestry proportions influence the distribution of SNP rs3827760 genotypes of the EDAR gene in Latin American populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101322,"journal":{"name":"Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud","volume":"46 2","pages":"324-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}