{"title":"Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel reinforced by endothelial cell derivatives for angiogenesis and full-thickness wound healing","authors":"Na Liu, Ziyi Zhou, Xiaopei Zhang, Qingxia Guo, Yuying Yan, Manfei Fu, Yawen Wang, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115242","url":null,"abstract":"Schematic illustration depicting the preparation of methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel enriched with endothelial cell derivatives (ECd@M−CMCS) and its application in promoting angiogenesis and facilitating full-thickness wound healing. • The hydrogel scaffold containing specific ECM within M−CMCS was successfully prepared. • It features a loose porous 3D structure, excellent hydrophilicity, and water absorption. • It enables adaptability to wound shapes and a moist healing microenvironment. • It demonstrates strong antimicrobial activity and has multiple biological functions. • It enhances wound healing and improves both healing speed and quality. Wound self-repair is prone to forming hard-to-heal chronic wounds due to infections, vascular damage, diabetes and other factors. Selecting the appropriate treatment and dressing can help prevent the deterioration of chronic wounds and facilitate the restoration of normal structure and function. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-modified hydrogels can promote tissue repair, while human umbilical vein endothelial cell derivatives (ECd) enhance self-repair. In this study, ECd was prepared into lyophilized powder using vacuum freeze-drying to preserve its original active ingredients. In vitro experimental results revealed that a specific concentration of ECd effectively supported cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. ECd was further encapsulated in the designed glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan (M−CMCS) hydrogel. The optimal combination of ECd and M−CMCS hydrogel (ECd@M−CMCS) was evaluated by testing the material properties, analyzing cellular behaviors and assessing antimicrobial effects. Sprague Dawley rat models (tail-breaking, liver incision, skin whole-layer defect) demonstrated ECd@M−CMCS exhibited good biocompatibility and enhanced wound healing and hemostasis in vivo .","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115242-115242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MATERIALS & DESIGNPub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243
Chengyi Huang, Xiang Zhang, Kangkang Huang, Yang Yu, Lei Lu, Lin Huang, Dan Zhou, Y.Y Li, Hao Liu, Decheng Wu, Hao Liu
{"title":"Micro-nano therapeutic platform combats disc degeneration: ChsMA microspheres with ROS-scavenging metal-phenolic armor and puerarin nanocargo for triple-targeted ECM regeneration","authors":"Chengyi Huang, Xiang Zhang, Kangkang Huang, Yang Yu, Lei Lu, Lin Huang, Dan Zhou, Y.Y Li, Hao Liu, Decheng Wu, Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243","url":null,"abstract":"• Designed a hierarchical micro-nano platform integrating ECM-mimetic microspheres and MPNs. • Introduced a strontium-tannic acid metal-phenolic “armor” for broad-spectrum ROS scavenging. • Enabled sustained release of puerarin nanoparticles for prolonged anti-inflammatory action. • Achieved triple-targeted therapy to disrupt ROS/inflammation/ECM degradation feedback loop. • Demonstrated minimally invasive, injectable treatment enabling disc regeneration and pain relief in vivo. To disrupt the pathogenic cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress driving intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), we engineered a hierarchical micro-nano therapeutic platform (CPM). This system integrates Chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (ChsMA) hydrogel microspheres mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), Pluronic F-127 nanoparticles encapsulating anti-inflammatory puerarin for sustained release (52.6 % over 28 days), and a metal-phenolic network (MPN) “armor” of tannic acid (TA) and strontium ions (Sr 2+ ) providing broad-spectrum reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (>83 % clearance) and enzyme-mimetic activity. CPM synergistically neutralizes oxidative stress, suppresses inflammation, and protects ECM integrity. In vitro, CPM demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and multi-target efficacy, concurrently suppressing inflammation, scavenging ROS, restoring mitochondrial function, and promoting ECM regeneration in stressed nucleus pulposus cells. In a rat IDD model, a single minimally invasive injection of CPM provides sustained drug retention (38.1 % at 2 weeks), preserves disc structure and proteoglycan content, and restores T2-MRI signals. This triple-synergistic strategy represents a promising therapeutic paradigm for arresting IDD progression.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115243-115243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MATERIALS & DESIGNPub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169
Zhongjie Cheng, Yulin Niu, Yuan Yue, Wenfei Shen, Zhonglin Du, Yanxin Wang, Yao Wang, Jun Li, Christopher D. Snow, Matt J. Kipper, Soo Wohn Lee, Laurence A. Belfiore, Jianguo Tang
{"title":"High mechanical and luminescent properties of polyethylene terephthalate doped with Eu3+-induced nanoaggregates of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid","authors":"Zhongjie Cheng, Yulin Niu, Yuan Yue, Wenfei Shen, Zhonglin Du, Yanxin Wang, Yao Wang, Jun Li, Christopher D. Snow, Matt J. Kipper, Soo Wohn Lee, Laurence A. Belfiore, Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115169-115169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nano-enabled combinatorial immunotherapy of colorectal cancer via small molecular PD-L1 blockade and photodynamic therapy","authors":"Jiyi Zhang, Tian Lu, Ruining Jia, Qiyu Chen, Yufei Wu, Yaonan Wang, Yaonan Wang, Wei Ma, Yuji Wang, Yuji Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115185","url":null,"abstract":"• A novel small molecular PD-L1 inhibitor C2 and photosensitizer self-assemble to nanoparticles. • Nanoparticles enable active/passive targeting, immunogenic cell death, and precise temporal and spatial control. • C2 with outstanding affinity was selected through deep study, including Docking, HTRF, SPR and MD. • C2-Ce6 NPs could gather in MC38 tumor site more effectively and persistently and TGI up to 94.7% with strong safety. • Providing a promising approach in the PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-resistant cancers. 85% of colon cancer patients don’t respond to anti-PD-L1 due to the lack of immune infiltration while the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was limited to hypoxic environment. Thus, a PD-L1 small molecule inhibitor C2 was chose to self-assemble into nanoparticles with photosensitizer, leveraging the unique advantages and active targeting of small molecule, the passive targeting of nanoparticles, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by PDT. Stable nanoparticles C2-Ce6 NPs was formed by Ce6 and C2 meticulously selected from our compound library through Docking, Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and Molecular dynamics (MD). C2-Ce6 NPs demonstrated good safety while achieving a TGI of 94.7 % in the MC38 mouse model with significantly increase of T cell infiltration, reduction of the expression of Ki67 and ICD effect proved via the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which indicated combined treatment is more advantageous. Tumor cells were subjected to both internal and external pressures, which is expected to mitigate the primary resistance and strong immunogenicity of antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors, further activate the immune system to broad the scope of immunotherapy indications and simultaneously enhance the efficacy comparing to single PDT.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115185-115185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composite hydrogel modulates regulatory T cell-mediated osteoimmunomodulatory osteogenesis for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head","authors":"Bichun Li, Manxue Zhang, Yue Luo, Donghai Li, Qianhao Li, Liyile Chen, Lijun Cai, Guangtao Han, Zhouyuan Yang, Pengde Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115186","url":null,"abstract":"• In this study, the regulation of regulatory T cells (T regs ) was used as a new target for repairing SONFH bone defects. • MS IL-2 /nHA@Gel CCL22 could release CCL22 and IL-2 to recruit and activate T regs , which improved the osteoimmune microenvironment in osteonecrotic regions and promoted macrophage M2 polarization, BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, and HUVECs vascularization. • In a rabbit SONFH model, MS IL-2 /nHA@Gel CCL22 mobilized T reg homing and aided femoral head repair. Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a prevalent condition in clinical settings, often leading to femoral head collapse without timely intervention, necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, THA carries significant financial costs and substantial risks. Drilling and decompression combined with autologous bone grafting are widely utilized to treat early-stage SONFH. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of autologous bone graft harvesting limit its clinical utility. Many studies have sought to replace autologous grafts with biomaterials to mitigate these adverse effects. However, the role of regulatory T cells (T regs ) in the osteonecrotic region is often ignored. The reduced quantity and impaired function of T regs in the osteonecrotic region hinder the T reg -mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and M2 polarization of macrophages, disrupting the immune microenvironment and stalling bone repair. We prepared an injectable functionalized hydrogel (MS IL-2 /nHA@Gel CCL22 ), capable of releasing CCL22 and IL-2 to recruit T regs , and activate them via the JAK3/STAT5/Foxp3 pathway. This intervention promoted macrophage M2 polarization, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and vascularization of HUVECs. In a rabbit SONFH model, implantation of MS IL-2 /nHA@Gel CCL22 successfully mobilized T reg homing, stimulated osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and facilitated femoral head repair. In summary, MS IL-2 /nHA@Gel CCL22 effectively recruits and activates T regs , enhancing osteoimmunomodulatory processes to repair SONFH.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115186-115186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147881963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional bone repair platform: Cytokines scavenging and sequential drug release for osteoporotic bone defects","authors":"Qicheng Li, Tianze Sun, Junyu Su, Shiyan Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Yuhui Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115127","url":null,"abstract":"• Macrophage membrane-liposomes nanovesicles embedded in GelMA to form GelMA/MM-Lipo hydrogel. • Membrane receptors scavenged RANKL/TNF-α/IL-6, rebalancing osteoclast-osteoblast. • Sequential release: hydrogel liberated MM-Lipo, then sustained PTH 1–34. • GelMA/MM-Lipo@PTH promoted bone formation and reduced bone absorption in OBD mice. The repair of osteoporotic bone defect (OBD) continues to be challenged by the persistent inflammatory imbalance and impaired osteogenesis. Inspired by the immunomodulatory role of macrophages, we developed a multifunctional bone repair platform consisting of macrophage membrane-liposome hybrid nanovesicles (MM-Lipo) embedded in the GelMA hydrogel. The MM-Lipo nanovesicles, which present membrane-anchored cytokine receptors, effectively scavenged excess RANKL, TNF-α, IL-6 at the defect sites, thereby regulating the local microenvironment. The aqueous core of the nanovesicles allowed for the encapsulation of the hydrophilic teriparatide (PTH 1–34). The GelMA hydrogel served as a sustained-release reservoir, facilitating the sequential delivery of both nanovesicles and drug to promote osteogenic differentiation. In vitro , MM-Lipo efficiently depleted cytokines, inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and reversed the inhibitory effects TNF-α on osteoblast function. The teriparatide-loaded formulation (MM-Lipo@PTH) further upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers (OSX, OCN) and promoted mineralized matrix deposition. In the mouse OBD model, a single implantation of the GelMA/MM-Lipo@PTH hydrogel rebalanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity, accelerated bone regeneration, and supported well-organized collagen architecture. This synergistic strategy integrates the cytokines-scavenging capability of biomimetic membrane with the controlled, sequential release properties of hydrogel, offering a promising therapeutic platform for inflammation-associated metabolic bone disorders. Abbreviations: ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; BCA, Bicinchoninic acid; BCIP/NBT, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium; BMSC, bone mesenchymal stem cells; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; CCK-8, Cell counting kit-8; CREA, Creatinine; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Dil, 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethylindocar bocyanine Perchlorate; DiO, 3,3′-Dioctadecyloxacar bocyanine perchlorate; ECL, Enhanced chemiluminescence; EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FBS, Fetal bovine serum; FRET, Förster resonance energy transfer; GelMA, Gelatin methacryloyl; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IL-6, Interleukin-6; LAP, Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate; α-MEM, α-minimum essential medium; OCN, Osteocalcin; OSX, Osterix; PBS, Phosphate buffered saline; PVDF, Polyvinylidene fluoride; RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand; SDS-PAGE, Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TBST, Tris-","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115127-115127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MATERIALS & DESIGNPub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165
Heng Gong, Yang Liu, Xi-Kun Ma, Tingjiang Gan, Ye Wu, Hui Zhang, Yueying Li
{"title":"Multi-target hydrogel therapy to disrupt the AGEs–RAGE–ROS cycle in chronic diabetic wound healing","authors":"Heng Gong, Yang Liu, Xi-Kun Ma, Tingjiang Gan, Ye Wu, Hui Zhang, Yueying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165","url":null,"abstract":"• Injectable, self-healing hydrogel interrupts AGEs–RAGE–ROS cycle to restore diabetic wound microenvironment • MnO 2 @PCA–QCMC matrix provides antibacterial, ROS-scavenging, oxygenation, and pro-angiogenic actions. • In vitro/in vivo studies show accelerated healing, reduced inflammation, and enhanced collagen deposition. Chronic diabetic wounds (CDWs) are refractory lesions characterized by oxidative stress, persistent infection, inflammation, ischemia, and excessive advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Binding of AGEs to their receptor (RAGE) triggers inflammatory and oxidative pathways, reinforcing a vicious cycle that impedes healing. Here, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel by crosslinking aldehyde-rich MnO 2 @protocatechualdehyde (PCA) nanoparticles with quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC) via a Schiff base reaction, incorporating molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) quantum dots. This hydrogel exhibits antibacterial activity, scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces AGEs and RAGE expression, alleviates hypoxia, and promotes angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that it effectively inhibits bacterial growth, mitigates inflammation, enhances neovascularization, and accelerates CDW healing. This work offers a promising strategy for multi-target regulation of diabetic wound microenvironments.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115165-115165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MATERIALS & DESIGNPub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115157
Mengnan Liu, Kang-Rui Zhu, Linxin Wu, Jun Zhang, Yun‐Ze Long
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerator based on inkjet-printed electrode for cultural relic protection","authors":"Mengnan Liu, Kang-Rui Zhu, Linxin Wu, Jun Zhang, Yun‐Ze Long","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115157","url":null,"abstract":"• Quantitatively investigate the influence of geometric parameters on electrical characteristics by constructing an edge capacitance model. • The regulatory mechanism of electrode shape and curvature radius on charge-induced effects is revealed. • The inkjet-printed electrode and triboelectric layer are integrated in-plane simplifies the device structure. • Water transfer printing stickers proposed in this work successfully applied in cultural relic anti-theft systems. Although the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on in-plane electrodes has been designed for enhancing the practicality of TENG in Internet of Things (IoT) sensing field, the effects of electrode shape and curvature radius on the electrical characteristics of TENG have not been investigated. Therefore, a TENG based on inkjet-printed electrode (IPE-TENG) is proposed, which integrates the electrode layer and triboelectric layer on the same plane through inkjet printing. Moreover, the edge capacitance model is constructed based on the planar induction effect, and the effects of the electrode edge length and segmentation strip number, as well as the electrode tip angle and quantity on the electrical characteristics of IPE-TENG are explored. Furthermore, the water transfer printing stickers based on IPE-TENG are used for the cultural relic anti-theft system, expanding the potential applications of TENG in the field of IoT sensing. This work provides general guidance for studying how electrode shape as well as curvature radius affect the electrical properties of TENG.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115157-115157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}