MATERIALS & DESIGN最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Construction of a dual-layer microneedle drug delivery system based on “chemotherapy-immunity-anti-inflammatory” for melanoma research 黑色素瘤研究“化疗-免疫-抗炎”双层微针给药系统的构建
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115559
Lina Sun, Huahua Li, Chunyu Zhao, Zhou Shu, Mengting Xu, Y Wang, Lili Yue, Yining Zhang, Xinying Lu, Yanjie Guo, S Du, Xinran Wang, Jie Bai
{"title":"Construction of a dual-layer microneedle drug delivery system based on “chemotherapy-immunity-anti-inflammatory” for melanoma research","authors":"Lina Sun, Huahua Li, Chunyu Zhao, Zhou Shu, Mengting Xu, Y Wang, Lili Yue, Yining Zhang, Xinying Lu, Yanjie Guo, S Du, Xinran Wang, Jie Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115559","url":null,"abstract":"• Localized melanoma treatment offers distinct advantages. • The microneedle delivery system exhibits a dual synergistic effect of cell wall disruption and drug release. • Combining Traditional Chinese Medicine Components with Chemotherapy Drugs to Enhance Efficacy and Reduce Toxicity. • Nucleus-shell nanomedicines enable tiered treatment combining chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and anti-inflammatory effects. Melanoma, the most lethal skin disease with steadily rising incidence rates, demands safer, more precise, and intelligently effective combination therapies. By utilizing traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides as the microneedle matrix, we developed dual-layer microneedles incorporating multi-core–shell structured nanoparticles and anti-inflammatory immune nanoparticles loaded with both chemical and herbal components. These dual-layer microneedles demonstrate superior synergistic antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. Following local administration, they achieve a 95.6% inhibition rate against melanoma, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. They significantly enhance the activation and immune function of tumor-targeting T cells, increase the proportion of CD8 + T cells, and simultaneously activate innate immune functions in immune organs. This approach boosts the proportion of immune T cells and NK cells in the spleen, promotes T cell secretion of TNF-α to achieve anti-tumor immune activation, and enhances systemic anti-inflammatory immune responses. Simultaneously, it reduces drug concentration in non-targeted areas, minimizing systemic toxicity and side effects. This achieves a tiered drug delivery effect combining “chemotherapy-immunotherapy-anti-inflammation,” realizing a three-pronged synergistic anti-tumor effect through “break the skin barrier −drug release-immune coordination.” It provides a reference for developing new formulations for microneedle local administration and topical anti-tumor preparations.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"262 1","pages":"115559-115559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 3D-printed composite scaffold with sequential release of graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite synergistically enhances angiogenesis-osteogenesis for bone defect repair 一种具有氧化石墨烯/羟基磷灰石顺序释放的3d打印复合支架协同增强血管生成-骨生成,用于骨缺损修复
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115273
Chunchun Li, C. Lyu, Yangfan Ding, Ziying Feng, Jiahua Zhu, Yichen Zhao, Mohamed EL-Newehy, Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed, Dong Su, Pengfei Cai, Xiumei Mo, Liang Song
{"title":"A 3D-printed composite scaffold with sequential release of graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite synergistically enhances angiogenesis-osteogenesis for bone defect repair","authors":"Chunchun Li, C. Lyu, Yangfan Ding, Ziying Feng, Jiahua Zhu, Yichen Zhao, Mohamed EL-Newehy, Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed, Dong Su, Pengfei Cai, Xiumei Mo, Liang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115273-115273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel reinforced by endothelial cell derivatives for angiogenesis and full-thickness wound healing 内皮细胞衍生物增强的羧甲基壳聚糖水凝胶用于血管生成和全层伤口愈合
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115242
Na Liu, Ziyi Zhou, Xiaopei Zhang, Qingxia Guo, Yuying Yan, Manfei Fu, Yawen Wang, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu
{"title":"Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel reinforced by endothelial cell derivatives for angiogenesis and full-thickness wound healing","authors":"Na Liu, Ziyi Zhou, Xiaopei Zhang, Qingxia Guo, Yuying Yan, Manfei Fu, Yawen Wang, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu, Yuanfei Wang, Tong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115242","url":null,"abstract":"Schematic illustration depicting the preparation of methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel enriched with endothelial cell derivatives (ECd@M−CMCS) and its application in promoting angiogenesis and facilitating full-thickness wound healing. • The hydrogel scaffold containing specific ECM within M−CMCS was successfully prepared. • It features a loose porous 3D structure, excellent hydrophilicity, and water absorption. • It enables adaptability to wound shapes and a moist healing microenvironment. • It demonstrates strong antimicrobial activity and has multiple biological functions. • It enhances wound healing and improves both healing speed and quality. Wound self-repair is prone to forming hard-to-heal chronic wounds due to infections, vascular damage, diabetes and other factors. Selecting the appropriate treatment and dressing can help prevent the deterioration of chronic wounds and facilitate the restoration of normal structure and function. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-modified hydrogels can promote tissue repair, while human umbilical vein endothelial cell derivatives (ECd) enhance self-repair. In this study, ECd was prepared into lyophilized powder using vacuum freeze-drying to preserve its original active ingredients. In vitro experimental results revealed that a specific concentration of ECd effectively supported cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. ECd was further encapsulated in the designed glycidyl methacrylate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan (M−CMCS) hydrogel. The optimal combination of ECd and M−CMCS hydrogel (ECd@M−CMCS) was evaluated by testing the material properties, analyzing cellular behaviors and assessing antimicrobial effects. Sprague Dawley rat models (tail-breaking, liver incision, skin whole-layer defect) demonstrated ECd@M−CMCS exhibited good biocompatibility and enhanced wound healing and hemostasis in vivo .","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115242-115242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Micro-nano therapeutic platform combats disc degeneration: ChsMA microspheres with ROS-scavenging metal-phenolic armor and puerarin nanocargo for triple-targeted ECM regeneration 微纳治疗平台对抗椎间盘退变:具有ros清除金属酚装甲的ChsMA微球和葛根素纳米货用于三靶向ECM再生
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243
Chengyi Huang, Xiang Zhang, Kangkang Huang, Yang Yu, Lei Lu, Lin Huang, Dan Zhou, Y.Y Li, Hao Liu, Decheng Wu, Hao Liu
{"title":"Micro-nano therapeutic platform combats disc degeneration: ChsMA microspheres with ROS-scavenging metal-phenolic armor and puerarin nanocargo for triple-targeted ECM regeneration","authors":"Chengyi Huang, Xiang Zhang, Kangkang Huang, Yang Yu, Lei Lu, Lin Huang, Dan Zhou, Y.Y Li, Hao Liu, Decheng Wu, Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115243","url":null,"abstract":"• Designed a hierarchical micro-nano platform integrating ECM-mimetic microspheres and MPNs. • Introduced a strontium-tannic acid metal-phenolic “armor” for broad-spectrum ROS scavenging. • Enabled sustained release of puerarin nanoparticles for prolonged anti-inflammatory action. • Achieved triple-targeted therapy to disrupt ROS/inflammation/ECM degradation feedback loop. • Demonstrated minimally invasive, injectable treatment enabling disc regeneration and pain relief in vivo. To disrupt the pathogenic cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress driving intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), we engineered a hierarchical micro-nano therapeutic platform (CPM). This system integrates Chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (ChsMA) hydrogel microspheres mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), Pluronic F-127 nanoparticles encapsulating anti-inflammatory puerarin for sustained release (52.6 % over 28 days), and a metal-phenolic network (MPN) “armor” of tannic acid (TA) and strontium ions (Sr 2+ ) providing broad-spectrum reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (>83 % clearance) and enzyme-mimetic activity. CPM synergistically neutralizes oxidative stress, suppresses inflammation, and protects ECM integrity. In vitro, CPM demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and multi-target efficacy, concurrently suppressing inflammation, scavenging ROS, restoring mitochondrial function, and promoting ECM regeneration in stressed nucleus pulposus cells. In a rat IDD model, a single minimally invasive injection of CPM provides sustained drug retention (38.1 % at 2 weeks), preserves disc structure and proteoglycan content, and restores T2-MRI signals. This triple-synergistic strategy represents a promising therapeutic paradigm for arresting IDD progression.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115243-115243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lightweight polymer composites with synergistic electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management for precision electronic devices 具有协同电磁干扰屏蔽和精密电子器件热管理的轻质聚合物复合材料
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115235
Qimei Zhang, Zhunzhun Li, Jian Cui, Yehai Yan
{"title":"Lightweight polymer composites with synergistic electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management for precision electronic devices","authors":"Qimei Zhang, Zhunzhun Li, Jian Cui, Yehai Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115235-115235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High mechanical and luminescent properties of polyethylene terephthalate doped with Eu3+-induced nanoaggregates of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid 掺有Eu3+诱导聚苯乙烯-聚丙烯酸纳米聚集体的聚对苯二甲酸酯的高机械和发光性能
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169
Zhongjie Cheng, Yulin Niu, Yuan Yue, Wenfei Shen, Zhonglin Du, Yanxin Wang, Yao Wang, Jun Li, Christopher D. Snow, Matt J. Kipper, Soo Wohn Lee, Laurence A. Belfiore, Jianguo Tang
{"title":"High mechanical and luminescent properties of polyethylene terephthalate doped with Eu3+-induced nanoaggregates of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid","authors":"Zhongjie Cheng, Yulin Niu, Yuan Yue, Wenfei Shen, Zhonglin Du, Yanxin Wang, Yao Wang, Jun Li, Christopher D. Snow, Matt J. Kipper, Soo Wohn Lee, Laurence A. Belfiore, Jianguo Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115169-115169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MnO-mediated turing pattern corrosion of alumina refractory ceramic based on radical reactions: Transition mechanism from accelerator to inhibitor 基于自由基反应的氧化铝质耐火陶瓷图灵腐蚀:从促进剂到缓蚀剂的转变机理
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115183
Shenghao Li, Han Zhang, Ao Huang, Lidah Mpoli Nachilima, Changgui Cheng, Lvping Fu, Huazhi Gu, Yulong Guo
{"title":"MnO-mediated turing pattern corrosion of alumina refractory ceramic based on radical reactions: Transition mechanism from accelerator to inhibitor","authors":"Shenghao Li, Han Zhang, Ao Huang, Lidah Mpoli Nachilima, Changgui Cheng, Lvping Fu, Huazhi Gu, Yulong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115183-115183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-target hydrogel therapy to disrupt the AGEs–RAGE–ROS cycle in chronic diabetic wound healing 多靶点水凝胶治疗在慢性糖尿病伤口愈合中破坏AGEs-RAGE-ROS循环
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165
Heng Gong, Yang Liu, Xi-Kun Ma, Tingjiang Gan, Ye Wu, Hui Zhang, Yueying Li
{"title":"Multi-target hydrogel therapy to disrupt the AGEs–RAGE–ROS cycle in chronic diabetic wound healing","authors":"Heng Gong, Yang Liu, Xi-Kun Ma, Tingjiang Gan, Ye Wu, Hui Zhang, Yueying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115165","url":null,"abstract":"• Injectable, self-healing hydrogel interrupts AGEs–RAGE–ROS cycle to restore diabetic wound microenvironment • MnO 2 @PCA–QCMC matrix provides antibacterial, ROS-scavenging, oxygenation, and pro-angiogenic actions. • In vitro/in vivo studies show accelerated healing, reduced inflammation, and enhanced collagen deposition. Chronic diabetic wounds (CDWs) are refractory lesions characterized by oxidative stress, persistent infection, inflammation, ischemia, and excessive advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Binding of AGEs to their receptor (RAGE) triggers inflammatory and oxidative pathways, reinforcing a vicious cycle that impedes healing. Here, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel by crosslinking aldehyde-rich MnO 2 @protocatechualdehyde (PCA) nanoparticles with quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC) via a Schiff base reaction, incorporating molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) quantum dots. This hydrogel exhibits antibacterial activity, scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces AGEs and RAGE expression, alleviates hypoxia, and promotes angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that it effectively inhibits bacterial growth, mitigates inflammation, enhances neovascularization, and accelerates CDW healing. This work offers a promising strategy for multi-target regulation of diabetic wound microenvironments.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115165-115165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elastic signatures of stability in Ir–Ni–Ta bulk metallic glasses Ir-Ni-Ta大块金属玻璃稳定性的弹性特征
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115138
Ruiqi He, Leiming Fang, Guoliang Niu, Qian Li, Liwei Hu, Runji Wang, Haojie Leng, Yongbo Liu, Zheng Qu, Lei Xie, Xiping Chen, Hongli Chen, Shuming Peng, Yanhui Liu, Huiyang Gou, Yanhui Liu, Huiyang Gou
{"title":"Elastic signatures of stability in Ir–Ni–Ta bulk metallic glasses","authors":"Ruiqi He, Leiming Fang, Guoliang Niu, Qian Li, Liwei Hu, Runji Wang, Haojie Leng, Yongbo Liu, Zheng Qu, Lei Xie, Xiping Chen, Hongli Chen, Shuming Peng, Yanhui Liu, Huiyang Gou, Yanhui Liu, Huiyang Gou","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115138-115138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A nano-bio-coordination dynamic hydrogel with photothermal effects and osteogenic activity for the treatment of osteosarcoma 具有光热效应和成骨活性的纳米生物配位动态水凝胶用于骨肉瘤的治疗
MATERIALS & DESIGN Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115092
Fan Wu, Weiling Yin, Hui Shan, Jie Cang, Ruixing Shui, Xianwen Yan, Wenbo He, Junmeng Liu, Jia Gao, Dapeng Li, Guoqing Pan
{"title":"A nano-bio-coordination dynamic hydrogel with photothermal effects and osteogenic activity for the treatment of osteosarcoma","authors":"Fan Wu, Weiling Yin, Hui Shan, Jie Cang, Ruixing Shui, Xianwen Yan, Wenbo He, Junmeng Liu, Jia Gao, Dapeng Li, Guoqing Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"260 1","pages":"115092-115092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书