Environmental analysis, health and toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Risk perception among residents living near industries in Godawari Municipality of Lalitpur, Nepal.","authors":"Kshitij Karki, Anish Chaurel, Aashish Kumar Neupane, Keshab Parajuli, Raju Ghimire","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023029","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2023029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The industrial sector stands out as a significant contributor to environmental pollution. Those who reside in close proximity to industrial areas commonly harbor concerns about potential health and environmental hazards. This study aimed to find out the perception of risk and self-reported health impacts among individuals living near industries in Godawari Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal. Conducted as a community-based cross-sectional study, it involved 270 households. Face-to-face interviews were employed, utilizing a pretested structured questionnaire. The study zone encompassed the communities of Godawari Municipality within a 3-kilometer radius of industrial sites. Specifically, stone mines, stone crushers, and brick kilns were purposefully selected, while study participants were randomly sampled using a random table. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, incorporating both univariate and bivariate techniques. Among those residing near industrial zones, a mere 9.6 % reported experiencing wheezing or whistling in the past 12 months. A substantial 36.3% consistently felt stressed due to industrial activities in their vicinity. Approximately half (51.9 %) of the participants indicated that the contaminated air in the area had adverse effects on human health. Furthermore, a palpable perception of elevated risk was associated with the proximity of industries (p<0.001). Over half of the participants perceived a notable risk stemming from the presence of industries near their homes, largely due to pollutants. These individuals also disclosed various health repercussions and expressed significant apprehension regarding their future well-being in the area. The implications of these findings are substantial, particularly for local-level planning and the development of industrial sites. Addressing the concerns surrounding people's heightened perception of risk from nearby industries is pivotal in fostering harmonious coexistence and informed decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"38 4","pages":"e2023029-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10834076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potency classification of isothiazolinone compounds based on defined approaches of skin sensitization in OECD GL 497.","authors":"Hyejin Kim, Juyoung Park, Handule Lee, Jinseon Son, Yeonjung Park, Heekyung Bae, Sun-Young Park, Sang Hee Lee, Jungkwan Seo, Sunkyung Shin, Kwangsik Park","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023026","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2023026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory decisions for skin sensitization are now based on adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). Based on these, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines on defined approaches for skin sensitization were adopted with a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP). In the guidelines, \"Defined Approaches\" (DA) on skin sensitization uses the results from multiple information sources of in chemico, in vitro, and in silico data to achieve an equivalent predictive capacity as those of the animal tests. In this review, we evaluated the skin sensitization of eleven isothiazolinone compounds including 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (DCOIT), 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT), 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-butyl (BBIT), 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MTMIT), 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one (MBIT), 2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazole-3-thione (MBIT-S), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-, 1,1-dioxide (BBIT-O), and a mixture of CMIT/MIT. Data from direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), human cell line activation (h-CLAT) test, and quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) Toolbox were evaluated and were applied to the DIP to derive a prediction of hazard identification and a potency classification. Among the evaluated chemicals, six isothiazolinone compounds were classified to be UN GHS 1A, one compound to be UN GHS 1, and four compounds could not be classified due to lack of data. The results of sensitizer chemicals were found to coincide well with those of in vivo test.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"38 4","pages":"e2023026-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10834078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue distribution, placental transfer and excretion of silver nanoparticles in pregnant rats after a single oral dose","authors":"Khaled Y. Abdel-Halim, Elsayed I. Salim, Ahmed S. Abdel-Latif, Sally E. Abu-Risha","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023023","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative assessment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in fluids and some organs of pregnant rats as well as their fetal blood were carried out in this study. A single oral dose (1mg/kg) of AgNPs with a size range of 4-20 nm was administered to pregnant rats on the 19th of gestation. Five groups were euthanized after 10 min, 1, 6, 12, and 24 hr as well as the control group. Total Silver (Ag) contents were measured in bloods (maternal and fetal) and several organs using Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) followed by acid digestion. In maternal blood, AgNPs were found to increase time-dependently after 12 and 24 hr into 0.135 and 0.224 μg/ml, but it was slightly higher in fetal blood (0.32 and 0.31 μg/ml) after 10 min and 1 hr. In other samples: kidneys, liver, spleen, placenta, and uterus the data indicated that NPs were rapidly absorbed from the dosing site (gastrointestinal tract) as evidenced by the detection of Ag in the analyzed samples (fluids and tissues). On the other hand, the cumulative percentages of excretion level in urine was 8.25% which was higher than in feces (4.77%) after 24 hr. These findings indicate the ability of AgNPs to accumulate in pregnant rats and transfer to their fetus imposing adverse outcomes and male formation. Thus, further investigations must be followed for direct and/or indirect exposure to such NPs before decision for their practices.","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"32 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to letter to the editor","authors":"Onyenekenwa Cyprian Eneh","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"55 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and risk assessment of lead and cadmium in drinking water for child development centres use in Phatthalung province, Thailand","authors":"Somsiri Decharat, Piriyalux Phethuayluk","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023020","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this cross-sectional study and research was to evaluate the health risks to children in relation to the concentration of lead and cadmium in drinking water. Samples were collected between 1 May 2020 and 15 October 2020. Thirty-three child development centres, Phatthalung province, Thailand. Two hundred and ten drinking water samples were taken, consisting of 66 bottled water samples, 66 tap water samples, 66 filtered tap water samples and 12 raw water samples for using in the child development centres. Concentrations of lead and cadmium were identified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration of cadmium in bottled water samples, tap water samples, filtered tap water samples, and raw water samples ranged from nd - 0.0020mg/L, nd - 0.0049 mg/L, nd - 0.0018 mg/L and nd - 0.0049 mg/L. The summation of the total hazard index of bottled water samples, tap water samples, filtered tap water, and raw water samples was less than 1, was considered health-protective. The results will provide the direct evidence needed by child development centres managers to warn learners about the health risk of drinking water among children.","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation, types and impacts of biomedical waste during COVID-19: Indian context","authors":"None Shefali","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023019","url":null,"abstract":"India's already-stressed waste disposal system has been strained by the COVID-19 outbreak. The challenge of managing biomedical Waste (BMW) in India has become more complicated in recent years, mainly due to the sudden emergence of COVID-19. As a methodology, a literature review was carried out with the help of Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, and academic journal databases. Additionally, publications from numerous non-academic sources (such as news websites etc.) and current guidelines, such as those from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, were also accessed. The review study identifies that PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) made up the majority of biomedical waste, followed by vaccine waste, during the peak of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The increase in PPEs such as face masks, aprons, face shields, gloves, goggles, and sanitizers, as well as other medical waste like bandages, plastic containers, syringes, testing kits, and tissues, has significantly changed the makeup of the BMW. This pandemic has hampered the proper management of solid waste, which has now surfaced as a major threat to developing countries. In this paper, biomedical waste management strategies followed in India and its disposal methods, cost-effective and environment-friendly methods to treat medical waste are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of pesticides in fish resulting toxicities in humans through food chain and forensic aspects.","authors":"Suryapratap Ray,&nbsp;Sanjana Thanjan Shaju","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023017","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2023017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A crucial component for agricultural productivity is pesticide application. Increased usage of pesticides has significantly increased agricultural output, reduced grain losses in storage, and overall enhanced human wellbeing. Globally, every year approximately 3 billion kg of pesticides are used which budgets around 40 billion USD. Pesticide use can leave behind unwanted residues that can contaminate food, the environment, and living tissues. They are known to spread from agricultural regions that have been treated into the wider environment, where they affect non-target creatures. All tiers of biological organisms, directly impacted by this exposure. Pesticides at sub-lethal levels alter every aspect of a fish's physiology, including histology, haematology, defence mechanisms, and behaviour. The same topic of pesticide toxicology is the emphasis of this article, which also addresses some important induced chronic toxicological effects of pesticides in fish and the extent of their bioaccumulation in fish tissues. The data represents the largest bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes, that have been contaminated by pesticides, notably due to pesticide drift. It has been discussed how readily pesticides are absorbed into fish bodies and how this enters the food chain inducing harmful impacts on human health when consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"38 3","pages":"e2023017-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and diurnal measurement of ambient benzene at a high traffic inflation site in Delhi: Health risk assessment and its possible role in ozone formation pathways.","authors":"Poonam Kumari,&nbsp;Daya Soni,&nbsp;Shankar G Aggarwal,&nbsp;Khem Singh","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023016","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2023016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzene is the most toxic and hazardous pollutant among volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as it comes under group 1 carcinogens recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It also plays a significant role in forming secondary pollutants like ozone. The benzene concentration was measured using a charcoal sorbent tube by active sampling at a traffic junction and analysis was done using GC-FID. The maximum average concentration of benzene in ambient air was found to be 33 μg/m3. A diurnal study of benzene measurement shows higher benzene concentrations in the evening compared to the morning. Seasonal variation of benzene is found to be winter > spring > summer > autumn > monsoon and OFP was found to be 21, 19, 14, 13, and 10 respectively. Cancer (ILCR) and non-cancer (HQ) health risk assessment was done to determine the impact of ambient benzene on the residents of urban areas. The yearly average value of ILCR was found to be 2×10-6 ± 1×10-6 which ranges from acceptable value to three times the WHO acceptable value i.e 1×10-6. The correlation of ozone and its precursor, benzene with meteorological parameters is also evaluated. The correlation of benzene and ozone with solar radiation shows the influence of photochemical reactions on the levels of benzene and ozone at the study site, although it is low.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"38 3","pages":"e2023016-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of acetylcholinesterase among employees based on job positions and personal protective equipment in fuel station.","authors":"Chan Pattama Polyong,&nbsp;Anamai Thetkathuek","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023018","DOIUrl":"10.5620/eaht.2023018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) among employees based on job positions and the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in fuel station areas. The sample group consisted of 200 people sorted into various groups, including (i) Inside fuel dispenser area (I-FDA) group consisting of 100 employees for refueling, cashier, and loading fuel into storage tanks, and (ii) Outside fuel dispenser area (O-FDA) group, consisting of 100 employees working in convenience stores, food stores, coffee shops, and offices, as well as general staff and car washers. Data were collected using interview questionnaires and blood samples were analyzed for AChE activity. The results showed that the I-FDA group had a significantly lower mean of serum AChE (7.38±1.73 U/ml) than the O-FDA group (7.85±1.49 U/ml) (p<0.05). The I-FDA group had a 2.43 times higher risk of abnormal serum AChE than the O-FDA group (OR=2.43, 95%CI=1.05-5.60). When considering the risk factors for job positions, it was found that refueling and cashier positions had lower AChE activity levels than those who did not (p<0.05). In the part, employees for food sales in a closed building and those wearing PPE masks had significantly higher AChE activity levels than those who did not or who wore them (p<0.05). Based on the aforementioned, employers at fuel stations should strictly determine the appropriate measures for wearing a PPE mask. Further, employees should be provided accommodation away from oil supply or enclosed buildings during breaks to reduce the effects on the neurotransmitter.</p>","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"38 3","pages":"e2023018-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ wide toxicological assessment of common edible herbs and their mixtures as used in home remedies","authors":"Chigeru Wodi, Ebere Ezaka, B. Ukwah, U. Eze","doi":"10.5620/eaht.2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023012","url":null,"abstract":"The use of home remedies for medicinal purposes, most of which are edible plants has continued to be a practice in many homes. However, there has been an increasing report of chronic use with lethal effect. Among the commonly used herbal/ medicinal plants were ginger, garlic and lemon. These were seen to be prevalent across continents with brewing and crude extraction being the most means of consumption. This study investigated the organ wide toxicity of this extract following chronic consumption of crude extract. Twenty-five albino Wister rats, five in each group were used for this experiment. Each animal received 0.5ml/kg body weight of either ginger extract, garlic extract, lemon juice, or a mixture of equal volumes of all three extract (v/v) respectively twice daily for seven (7) days. Statistics were represented as ±SE; P≤0.05 was considered significant. Previous studies have shown that moderate consumption of these medicinal plants were beneficial and have shown no deleterious effect. This study observed no change in the weight of the experimental animals. The weight of the animals continued to increase except for the group that received lemon and the mixture, but these were not significant. It was observed that chronic consumption induced organ wide toxicity to include the liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium, stomach, and pancreas. These were shown to alter tissue architecture and the cell morphology. Packed cell volume was reduced in the lemon and the group that received a combination of all extracts (p=o.03). Blood differentials showed changes in levels. An elevated basophil level was observed in ginger and garlic (p<0.0001; p=0.0006). Monocyte levels increased progressively across each group when compared to the control with the most elevated level seen in the group that received the mixture (p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count was reduced across all the groups that received the extract except for animals that received ginger. This study suggests the application of caution among users of these medicinal plants and continues to draw attention to the need for harmonization and standardization of safe use doses.","PeriodicalId":101307,"journal":{"name":"Environmental analysis, health and toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76318098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}