AWWA water science最新文献

{"title":"Modeling PFAS Rejection by NF/RO Membranes: A Critical Review and Research Needs","authors":"Aron M. Griffin,&nbsp;Kerry J. Howe,&nbsp;Thomas F. Speth,&nbsp;Anne M. Mikelonis,&nbsp;Tae Lee,&nbsp;Anjumand Ashraf,&nbsp;Abayomi B. Alayande,&nbsp;Keisuke Ikehata,&nbsp;David A. Ladner,&nbsp;W. Shane Walker,&nbsp;Chandra Mysore,&nbsp;Val S. Frenkel,&nbsp;Christopher Bellona","doi":"10.1002/aws2.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are typically highly effective for the rejection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), but existing studies have primarily focused on a small subset of compounds. Since the properties of individual PFAS vary and the rejection characteristics of NF and RO membranes likewise vary, a model that can predict PFAS rejection by membranes with specific properties would give water treatment practitioners more confidence in knowing that their choice of membrane treatment today would be effective for other PFAS of concern in the future. In this review, the state of the science of NF and RO rejection models is discussed, along with the unique physicochemical aspects of membranes and PFAS that impact membrane rejection. Finally, research is recommended to advance the state of membrane transport modeling by combining mechanistic, statistical, and system-level modeling methods to achieve predictive models without onerous input requirements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148089561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legionella Occurrence in Buildings: Implications of Public Water System Disinfectant and Residual","authors":"Emily von Hagen,&nbsp;Christian Mathews,&nbsp;Carleigh Samson,&nbsp;Chad Seidel","doi":"10.1002/aws2.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Legionella pneumophila</i> is an opportunistic drinking water microorganism of serious health concern. Anticipated revisions to U.S. EPA's Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct Rules may propose a numeric minimum disinfectant residual—rather than the current “detectable”—in part to better control <i>Legionella</i> in drinking water distribution systems and buildings served. Data to inform distribution system disinfectant residual concentration impacts on <i>L. pneumophila</i> concerns in buildings are scarce. In 2024, the General Services Administration tested water quality, including <i>Legionella</i>, at ~8250 federally owned and leased buildings. This study analyzed summary data from ~5600 buildings, detailed results from 40 buildings, and corresponding distribution system disinfectant residuals to assess links between residual levels and <i>Legionella</i> occurrence. Utilizing this largest and most nationally representative dataset available to date, findings varied by building and water system, with no clear numeric distribution system residual threshold consistently linked to lower <i>Legionella</i> occurrence in buildings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leakage Laws of Water Supply Networks Under the Action of Chlorine-Based Disinfectants","authors":"Kunyi Li,&nbsp;Jinliang Gao,&nbsp;Jiajia Song,&nbsp;Huizhe Cao,&nbsp;Wei Zheng,&nbsp;Shihua Qi,&nbsp;Jingyang Yu,&nbsp;Yongfeng Huang","doi":"10.1002/aws2.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigates the impact of chlorine-based disinfectants on the mechanical properties of leaks in water supply networks. Through dynamic and static corrosion experiments, as well as numerical simulations, the research reveals that higher concentrations of disinfectants such as chlorine, monochloramine, and chlorine dioxide significantly affect leak flow rates and the mechanical properties of pipes made from galvanized steel and polypropylene random copolymer. The findings show that the elastic modulus of the leak area follows an “increase—peak—decrease—stabilization” pattern over time, influenced by disinfectant concentration and exposure duration. The study further develops an improved Fixed Area and Variable Area Discharge model, which incorporates these factors, providing a more accurate prediction for leak behavior. The model helps in optimizing water supply network design and leak management. Future research could expand the variety of pipe materials and explore the microscopic interaction between disinfectants and pipe surfaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148079276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response","authors":"Issam Najm","doi":"10.1002/aws2.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148079275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolved Organic Matter and Pretreatment Effects on PFAS Removal by Granular Activated Carbon","authors":"Tiffany Tang,&nbsp;Detlef R. U. Knappe,&nbsp;Pingping Meng","doi":"10.1002/aws2.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption is commonly used to remove per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration and pretreatment on GAC use rates for PFAS removal. Rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) were conducted using a surface water source with a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 4.7 mg/L that was subjected to DOM pretreatment methods and groundwater sources with DOC concentrations ranging from &lt; 0.25–4.6 mg/L. DOM pretreatment methods included three full-scale treatment processes—coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS), CFS followed by ozonation (CFS-O₃), and CFS-O₃ followed by biological activated carbon (CFS-O₃-BAC)—as well as five bench-scale jar test pretreatments: CFS (Jar-CFS), powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), and combinations of PAC or MIEX with CFS (PAC-CFS and MIEX-CFS). GAC use rates decreased dramatically with decreasing DOC concentration. Also, all pretreatment methods lowered GAC use rates, with MIEX-CFS, PAC-CFS, and CFS-O₃-BAC being the most effective. Both DOM removal (MIEX-CFS, PAC-CFS) and DOM transformation during ozonation and BAC treatment enhanced GAC performance. GAC use rates to meet U.S. national drinking water standards for PFAS were estimated for a surface water (DOC: 4.7 mg/L) containing six PFAS at concentrations corresponding to the median and 90th percentile values reported by public water systems with detectable PFAS levels in the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5). GAC use rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 kg GAC/m³ (0.10–2.8 lb. GAC/1000 gal), depending on the employed DOM pretreatment and initial PFAS concentrations. These findings highlight the importance of DOM concentration and pretreatment on GAC performance for PFAS removal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148096026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}