Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"Plasmid Pattern of Group N (lactic) Streptococci","authors":"Hannelore Pechmann ,&nbsp;Michael Teuber","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80035-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80035-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of plasmid DNA was demonstrated for all of 51 investigated strains of <em>Streptococcus lactis, S. lactis</em> subsp. <em>diacetylactis</em>, and <em>S. cremoris</em>. The plasmid patterns of representative strains analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA are documented. This pattern does not appear to provide a basis for species differentiating. Lactosenegative derivatives having lost some of their plasmids were obtained by curing with nalidixic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80035-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114151607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Sources Assimilation Tests: Comparison Between a Conventional Method and a Microtechnic (API), in Study of Enterobacteriaceae","authors":"F. Gavini ,&nbsp;D. Izard ,&nbsp;H. Leclerc ,&nbsp;M. Desmonceaux ,&nbsp;J.P. Gayral ,&nbsp;avec la collaboration technique d’ A. Bernigaud","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80040-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80040-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assimilation of different carbon sources by 145 bacteria belonging to the family <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> was studied by two methods: a conventional auxanographic method and a standardized micromethod (API strips) especially developed for these tests. 119 substrates were compared and complementary studies were carried out for tests showing discrepancies. A correlation was found for 108 of the 119 tests. In the remaining cases, complementary studies demonstrated that differences in substrate concentration may explain some discrepancies. It was concluded that API strips may be used to perform these assimilation studies and that substrate concentrations is the most important variable factor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 182-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80040-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Strain of Aspergillus Forming Abnormal Fructification Structures","authors":"A. Grein ,&nbsp;A.M. Rossetti,&nbsp;C. Spalla","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80038-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80038-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A strain of the genus <em>Aspergillus</em> forming fructification structures with remarkable anomalies in conidiophore, in the vesicle and the conidial head formation is described. The strain shows a combination of characteristics typical of both genera <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em>. On this basis, a close phylogenetic relationship between penicilli and aspergilli is postulated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80038-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90129886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essai de differenciation des souches d’Enterob acteriaceae en fonction de leur origine","authors":"F. Gavini ,&nbsp;B. Marais ,&nbsp;G. Leroy ,&nbsp;D. Izard ,&nbsp;H. Leclerc ,&nbsp;avec la collaboration technique d’A. Bernigaud","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80041-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80041-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Generation times of strains belonging to the <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> family were determined at 4 °C, 10 °C, 41 °C and 44 °C. Some of these strains originated from humans, the others were isolated from unpolluted media not associated with the human body. According to the generation time two types of enterobacteria could be distinquished: psychrotrophic and mesophilic; the differentiation of the strains according to these designations corresponds to that based on cosiderations of the origin and classification of the organisms. The importance of the determination of an optimal growth temperature for the differentiation of these strains is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 188-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80041-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid, simple and simultaneous detection of 2-keto-, 5-keto-and 2,5-diketogluconic acids by thin-layer chromatography in culture media of acetic acid bacteria","authors":"F. Gosselé,&nbsp;J. Swings,&nbsp;J. De Ley","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80039-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80039-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A rapid and simple test for the simultaneous detection of 2-keto-, 5-keto- and 2.5-diketo-gluconic acids by thin-layer chromatography and their revelation with o-phenylene-diamine. HCl is described. 32 <em>Acetobacter</em> and 83 <em>Gluconobacter</em> strains were scanned with this method. The formation of keto-gluconic acids appears to be a stable and reliable feature for the classification of acetic accid bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 178-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80039-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untersuchungen zum Pentose- und Pentitolstoffwechsel bei Staphylococcus xylosus und Staphylococcus saprophyticus","authors":"A. Lehmer,&nbsp;K.H. Schleifer","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80033-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The degradation of pentoses and xylitol, respectively is a meaningful taxonomic parameter for the distinction of the coagulase-negative staphylococci <em>Staphylococcus xylosus</em> and <em>S. saprophyticus</em>. It is, therefore, of interest to learn more about the catabolism of these C₅-sugars and sugar alcohols. The following pathway for the breakdown of pentoses and xylitol has been found in <em>S. xylosus</em> and <em>S. saprophyticus</em>:</p><p>inducible uptake of unsubstituted carbohydrates; phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is not involved in the uptake of pentoses and xylitol.</p><p>Isomerization of pentoses and dehydration of xylitol is inducible. Phosphorylation probably occurs on ketopentoses, since activity for D-ribulokinase could be detected in D-ribose grown cells, but neither activity for pentokinases nor D-ribose-5-phosphate-isomerase could be demonstrated.</p><p>Therefore, the pathway is analogous to the metabolism of pentoses and pentitol in <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, exceptionally for D-ribose, and differs from the degradation of pentitols by <em>Lactobacillaceae</em>. Growth with D-xylose as substrate was inhibited by xylitol due to the inhibition of the enzyme D-xylose-isomerase.</p><p>Experiments with mutants should prove the value of pentose/pentitol utilization as a biochemical character for the identification of <em>S. xylosus</em> and <em>S. saprophyticus</em>. It was possible to isolate pentose-negative mutants of <em>S. xylosus</em> which resemble <em>S. saprophyticus</em> in the pentose/pentitol metabolism, but we did not succeed in isolating pentose-positive mutant of <em>S. saprophyticus</em>. This indicates that degradation of xylose and/or arabinose is a characteristic property fo <em>S. xylosus</em> strains. Pentose-negative mutants of <em>S. xylosus</em> lack activity for the isomerization of pentoses but they are still typical <em>S. xylosus</em> as could be shown by DNA-DNA-hybridization studies. DNA-homology values between wild and mutant strains were about 100%, whereas homology values between these mutant strains and a pentose-negative <em>S. saprophyticus</em> wild type were 35–40% corresponding to values obtained between wild types of <em>S. xylosus</em> and <em>S. saprophyticus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80033-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phylogenetic Structure of the Coryneform Group of Bacteria","authors":"E. Stackebrandt ,&nbsp;B.J. Lewis,&nbsp;C.R. Woese","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80036-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80036-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ribosomal 16S RNA of 22 representative organisms of the genera <em>Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus</em> and <em>Microbacterium</em> were characterized by oligonucleotide cataloging. Comparative analysis of the data show these genera to be closely related. Genealogically the coryneforms — including the micrococci — can be regarded as members of one broad family, that includes <em>Actinomycetales</em> as well. A separation of this coherent group into distinct families is justified only from a taxonomic point of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80036-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133843940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbodies in the Brown Rot Fungus Poria contigua","authors":"Stephanie Bringer,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Bochem,&nbsp;Benno Sprey,&nbsp;Hermann Sahm","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80042-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80042-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction catalase activity could be demonstrated cytochemically in cytoplasmic structures of <em>Poria contigua</em> bearing the general ultrastructural features of microbodies. These kidney-shaped compartments were associated with a densely packed coherent membrane system. When H₂O₂ was replaced by methanol the microbodies were stained indicating that alcohol oxidase generated the H₂O₂ for the peroxidative conversion of DAB by catalase. Based on these results we assume that catalase and alcohol oxidase are located in microbodies of this fungus as found for methanol-utilizing yeasts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80042-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91773232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Ultrastructure of Bacteriophages of Group N (Lactic) Streptococci","authors":"Jürgen Lembke,&nbsp;Uli Krusch,&nbsp;Arved Lompe,&nbsp;Michael Teuber","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80020-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80020-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During a two year screening period, approximately 200 phages active against lactic streptococci have been isolated in a cheese factory from raw milk, cheese whey and starter culture using an indicator set of 24 strains of <em>Streptococcus lactis</em>, 17 strains of <em>S. cremoris</em> and 16 strains of <em>S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis</em>. Electron microscopy of these phages suggests the existence of at least 14 distinct morphological types. The ultrastructural and host range properties of 14 typical phage types are described and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80020-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dextran-hydrolyse durch Hefen der Gattungen Cryptococcus und Trichosporon","authors":"Carlo Giani,&nbsp;Ernst Jaeger ,&nbsp;Carl-Christian Emeis","doi":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80021-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80021-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One strain of each of the yeast genera <em>Cryptococcus</em> (<em>Cryptococcus laurentii (Kuff.) Skinner var. laurentii</em>) and <em>Trichosporon cutaneum</em> (DSM 70703) was examined respective of its ability to form extracellular dextranase on different media. Neither both of the two strains are capable of hydrolyzing starch. When using dextran 20000 or maltose as nutrients, dextranase production by both strains was high. With sucrose, only the <em>Trichosporon</em> strain produced dextranase in appreciable amounts. Preliminary studies with <em>Cryptococcus</em> grown on several other C-sources, e.g. isomaltulose and α-methylglucopyranoside, indicated that dextranase was produced in large amounts. Traces of the enzyme were produced by both strains on all C-sources offered, thus demonstrating a basal level of constitutional dextranase initiation.</p><p>Dextranase production by both strains reaches its maximum extent during the logarithmic phase, and diminishes to almost zero values when cell division ceases. With <em>Cryptococcus</em> a steady increase in enzyme production results when the pH is raised from 4 to 8. The optima for enzyme production are in the region of near pH 7 and pH 8 for <em>Cryptococcus</em> or <em>Trichosporon</em>, respectively.</p><p>Enzyme extracts from both strains were purified for further studies. When examining the pH-dependence of the enzyme activities, <em>Cryptococcus</em> dextranase showed an optimum between pH 4 and 5.5, whereas <em>Trichosporon</em> dextranase was most active at about pH 6.6. Varying pH-conditions and the influence on enzyme stability were tested after 4 days of incubation at 37 °C. The smallest activity losses of the <em>Cryptococcus</em> and <em>Trichosporon</em> preparations were observed in the regions of pH 5-7.5 and pH 4-6, respectively. Degradation under elevated temperatures occurred with <em>Cryptococcus</em> dextranase of approximately 45°C and with <em>Trichosporon</em> dextranase at approximately 40°C.</p><p>Time course studies of dextran degradation with the two preparations led to the conclusion that both enzymes belong to the category of endo-dextranases (α-1.6-glucan-6-glucanohydrolase).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101294,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0172-5564(80)80021-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128200201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}