K. Pfizenmaier , H. Trostmann, M. Röllinghoff, H. Wagner
{"title":"Cell-Mediated Immunity in Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis I. The Specificity of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes","authors":"K. Pfizenmaier , H. Trostmann, M. Röllinghoff, H. Wagner","doi":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80037-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80037-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated during murine lymphocytec choriomeningitis (LCM) has been investigated. CTL were obtained from the spleens of mice injected i.p. with LCM virus. The cytotoxic activity of the CTL was tested in an in vitro <sup>51</sup>Cr cytotoxicity assay using infected macrophages or fibroblasts as target cells. At the peak of the cytotoxic T cell response (7–8 days after infection) the cytotoxic action was restricted to syngeneic virusinfected target cells. Using H-2 recombinant mice the target antigen of the CTL generated could be identified as products coded for by either the H-2 K or H-2 D region of the major histocompatibility complex. I region identity between CTL and infected target cells was insufficient for optimal lysis to occur. During the early phase of LCM virus infection there was a transient phase during which noninfected H-2 histocompatible targets were lysed as efficiently as virus-infected target cells. This finding may suggest, that during the early phase of LCM disease self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are temporarily present in LCM virusinfected mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie","volume":"151 3","pages":"Pages 224-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80037-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128279534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ullberg-Olsson , E. Eriksson , R. Lundström , S. Wiholm
{"title":"Active Immunization against Tetanus in Man II. Combined Active and Passive Prophylaxis with Human Tetanus Immune Globulin","authors":"K. Ullberg-Olsson , E. Eriksson , R. Lundström , S. Wiholm","doi":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80034-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80034-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>19 persons were actively immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid and were simultaneously given tetanus immune globulin of human origin, TIG(H), in doses of 500-1500 IU. Their antitoxin titres were followed for 1 year. Seven persons were given only TIG(H), 500 IU and 1500 IU and their antitoxin titres were followed for 3 months to 1 year.</p><p>For comparison, 30 military recruits were actively immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid according to common practice. Their antitoxin titres were followed for 1 year.</p><p>The response to complete active immunization could not be demonstrated to be impaired by passive immunization, when 500 IU or 1500 IU of TIG(H) were given simultaneously with toxoid. The titres were in accordance with those achieved by active immunization of the recruits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie","volume":"151 3","pages":"Pages 191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80034-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91976780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active Immunization against Tetanus in Guinea-Pigs An Attempt to Evaluate “Rapid Immunization” with Tetanus Vaccine","authors":"K. Ullberg-Olsson","doi":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80007-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80007-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of 3 schedules for tetanus vaccination on the immunity developed by guinea-pigs was investigated, using 1.5 Lf adsorbed tetanus toxoid injected subcutaneously. The following injection schedules were used: a) 5 injections: initially and after 3, 7, 10, and 13 days; b) 3 injections: initially and after 2 and 4 weeks; c) 2 injections: initially and after 4 weeks.</p><p>Blood samples were taken after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks and the titres of tetanus antitoxin were recorded. No significant difference in the titres was observed within 2 weeks. Immunity was also tested by challenge with different amounts of tetanus toxin after 1 week, 10 days, 2, 3, and 8 weeks. A tendency to a higher immunity with schedule a) was observed after 10 days to 2 weeks; thereafter no acceleration of immunity could be shown. The results indicate that frequent injections over a short period of time do not establish rapid immunity against tetanus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie","volume":"151 2","pages":"Pages 166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80007-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Guinea-Pigs Infected with Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Donald D. Ourth , M.N. Lunde , R.R. Watsonč","doi":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80041-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80041-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This investigation demonstrated delayed hypersensitivity by macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) and skin-testing (ST) at 4, 8, 12, and 17 weeks and by lymphocyte transformation (LT) at 4, 12, and 17 weeks after infection of guinea-pigs (GP) with <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (C-37 strain). MMI and LT were both most pronounced at 4 and 17 weeks post-infection.</p><p>GP immunized with toxoplasmin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) demonstrated positive blast transformation and ST, but GP immunized with phosphate buffered saline in CFA did not. MMI was demonstrated with both immunizing preparations. Positive dye test and indirect hemagglutination test titers from 4 through 17 weeks were found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie","volume":"151 3","pages":"Pages 254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80041-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Wiedermann , H. Stemberger, O. Förster, M. Müller
{"title":"BPO-Specific, Complement-Dependant Cell-Lysis of Differently Sensitized Sheep Red Cells: Evaluation of Haptenic Groups and their Influence on IgM- and IgG-induced Lysis","authors":"G. Wiedermann , H. Stemberger, O. Förster, M. Müller","doi":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80008-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80008-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sheep erythrocytes were coated with bencylpenicilloyl-(BPO)groups. Different incubation periods resulted in erythrocyte preparations with different hapten density. Complement dependent lysis induced by IgM or IgG antibodies was studied with the cell preparations. The calculation of hapten density on the erythrocyte surface was not possible by direct measurement of coupled radioactive BPO, since more than 90% of radioactive material was found in the soluble supernatant after osmotic cell lysis and less than 10% was fixed to the cellular membrane. Measurement of membrane bound immunologically relevant BPO-groups was achieved, therefore, by comparison of the inhibitory capacity of the test cells with that of a standard cell preparation. The latter consisted of tannic acid treated erythrocytes coated with protein complexed radioactive BPO. Surface hapten density of the different target cell preparations varied between 1.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 4.8 × 10<sup>5</sup> BPO-groups per cell depending on the time of incubation. Complement dependent antibody mediated cell lysis was significantly reduced by reduction of haptenic sites per target cell, IgG induced lysis being much more affected than hemolysis induced by IgM antibodies. Statistical calculations led to the conclusion that 18,000 protein islets per cell bearing 4 or more BPO-groups are not sufficient for hemolysis induced by IgG antibodies. 48,000 protein islets with this hapten density are necessary for «optimal« sensitization. IgG antibodies must be apparently bound to the cell surface in bivalent form.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift für Immunitaetsforschung, Experimentelle und Klinische Immunologie","volume":"151 2","pages":"Pages 173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-872X(76)80008-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125563809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}