Water-Energy Nexus最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing microorganisms for bioenergy with Microbial Fuel Cells: Powering the future","authors":"Ravindra Singh Pandya ,&nbsp;Tanveen Kaur ,&nbsp;Riya Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Debajyoti Bose ,&nbsp;Devansh Saraf","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to escalating global energy demands and mounting environmental concerns, Microbial Fuel Cells have emerged as a groundbreaking technology, leveraging the unique abilities of microorganisms to harness bioenergy. This comprehensive review delves into the foundational principles governing MFCs, exploring mechanisms facilitating electron transfer and bioenergy generation while addressing factors influencing MFC performance. It further analyzes MFCs' multifaceted applications, from wastewater treatment to bioenergy recovery, and investigates their synergistic integration with other renewable energy systems. Despite these promising prospects, this review acknowledges the challenges of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and optimization, highlighting recent advancements aimed at enhancing efficiency, stability, and economic viability in MFC research. This review further offers a holistic perspective on the dynamic field of MFCs, assessing their potential to revolutionize bioenergy production while recognizing the hurdles to widespread adoption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000279/pdfft?md5=3ca0fee74d56bc3c79fce8a428a45b3f&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000279-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138439729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface water environmental carrying capacity and surface water quality based on economy-society-environment nexus – Evidence from China","authors":"Xingyong Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Pu ,&nbsp;Weimin Wang ,&nbsp;Xue Dong ,&nbsp;Yuhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Mingxue Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impacts of economy-society-environment on surface water resource in China are complex and unclear. Revealing these connections is vital to understand responses of surface water quality to anthropogenic activities. This study made an attempt to explore potential indications on surface water quality from economic, social and environmental factors in eight separate regions of China during the period of 2000–2019. Five machine learning models were employed including Greedy Thick Thinning Bayesian Belief Network, Naive Bayes, Augmented Naive Bayes (ANB), Logistic Regression and Random Forest. A total of 8 economic variables, 5 social variables and 8 environmental variables were introduced into the models. Results showed that ANB presented the best performance in estimating the surface water quality class with the highest accuracies of 81%, 75% and 87% for three surface water quality groups (Class I–III, Class IV–V and worse than Class V), respectively. The higher the surface water environmental carrying capacity in a region, the better the estimation performance of ANB on the surface water quality class. Surface water quality with Class I–III was more closely related to economic and social development, while environmental variables largely interpreted the quality of surface water with Class IV–V in most regions. The critical factors filtered by the importance analysis were indicative on surface water quality. This study provided a feasible framework in revealing the economy-society-environment nexus in the context of comprehensive management on regional surface water quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 231-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000267/pdfft?md5=27fc5cdca9078e04f0333b086b569bde&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000267-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate the use of flower waste biosorbents for treatment of contaminated water","authors":"Subhashish Dey,&nbsp;Ganugula Taraka Naga Veerendra,&nbsp;Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya Babu Padavala,&nbsp;Akula Venkata Phani Manoj","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human and industrial activities have contaminated the groundwater and surface water. This is a significant issue today. Therefore, the analysis of water quality is crucial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality index (WQI) of groundwater at various locations for physiochemical analysis. For calculating the current water quality status using statistical analysis and in the water quality index, the following parameters were considered: pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, chlorides, hardness, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. The acquired results are compared to the Indian drinking water standard IS: 10500–2012. The investigation of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of this ground water sample indicates that the evaluation of water quality parameters and resources is necessary. In the water quality index of six different places Gudlavalleru, Ainampudi, Penjendra, Gudlavalleru Gudem, Angaluru and Kondiparru. In the six locations the pH value vary from (6.72–8.3), temperature vary from (34 °C-36.5 °C), acidity vary from (15–40), alkanity vary from (10–25), turbidity vary from (0.8–60.4), DO vary from (3.7–6.2), COD vary from (209–477), Iron vary from (3–5), fluorides is zero, phosphorous vary from (0–0.5), ammonium vary from (0–1), nitrates vary from (0–5), chlorides vary from (375–575), hardness vary from (200–505), nitrites vary from (0–1), total solids vary from (729–1573), suspended solids vary from (468–971) and dissolved solids vary from (301–602). Using dry flowers biosorbents for biosorptions of heavy metals from polluted water or treat contaminated groundwater. Biological reactions occur to control the concentration of contaminated water when fine, dried powder of flower waste biosorbents is added to contaminated water. In this study, we employ four different flower waste biosorbents, including Targets or marigold flower waste, Ixora-coccinea flower waste, Hibiscus flower waste, and Allamanda flower waste. The Targets or marigold flower waste biosorbents have the highest performance for removing toxic metals from contaminated water among the four flower waste biosorbents. Further optimization of the various parameters, i.e. biosorbents dosage, contact time, pH, temperature, and agitation speed, was performed on Targets or marigold flowers waste biosorbents in order to increase pollutant biosorption. Further research is required into the mechanisms of biosorbents, the kinetics and reusability of metal uptake, the recovery and regeneration of biosorbents, process design, and the commercial application of Targets or marigold flower refuse biosorbents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 187-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000243/pdfft?md5=12ee545ba86381cabf48c9e93cba3616&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000243-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing the water-energy nexus performance of direct evaporative coolers in a hot and dry climate: Toward a green space cooling","authors":"Salah Vaisi,&nbsp;Haleh Taheri","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct Evaporative Coolers (DECs) have several advantages such as a user-friendly, cost-effective, small, and easy installation, therefore, they are frequently used for space cooling in hot and dry climates. DEC is a cost-effective system applied in residential or medium-sized buildings such as private offices and commercials; however, the gap of the system is higher water and energy consumption that are addressed in this paper. Water in a dry climate is vital and means life and greenhouse gases threaten lives on the earth. This research is an experimental method conducted for more than 2 years to develop a conventional DEC into a green-efficient system. The research aims to discover and reduce the water as well as energy consumption of DECs in a hot and dry climate. Energy transitions from fossil to solar is another aim of this research. Compared with the conventional sample in the developed prototype the water consumption was reduced by 23.8 liters/day (about 56%), and the operating hours of the system were also decreased by 55%. Currently, there are approximately 2.1 million DEC systems in operation in the case study city, so by applying the developed system, up to 6.2 million m³ of water can be saved in each warm period. The reduction of operating hours caused a reduction of 67.5 W in electrical energy consumption per hour. In addition, by energy transition from fossil to solar electricity the in-operation CO₂ emission of the developed system is zero. The implementation of this green cooling model will greatly reduce water and energy consumption and the developed model can be repeated and imitated in similar climates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 244-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000255/pdfft?md5=a087c7ba7c0c80722463d7489951ed21&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000255-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of changing environment on coal mining water use in China","authors":"Bingxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unequal distribution of coal and water resources, coupled with efforts to enhance coal production efficiency, has exacerbated the issue of water scarcity in China’s coal mining industry. There is an urgent need to analyze the impact mechanism of external environmental changes on coal mining water use. With partial least square regression and vector autoregressive model under the framework of STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model, this paper systematically investigates the impact of population, economic level, energy consumption structure, and water intensity on coal mining water use, as well as the long-term dynamic response of coal mining water use to various variables. Results show a significant positive correlation between the economic level and coal mining water use, and the economic level has the greatest impact on changes in coal mining water use. Water intensity is negatively correlated with water used for coal mining. Decreasing water intensity in coal mining has a rebound effect. Water intensity shows a negative effect in the short term, but gradually disappears in the long run. Energy consumption structure positively correlated with coal mining, but its correlation and influence degree are weak. Promote green and low-carbon energy transformation, water-saving technologies application, and unconventional water utilization, and further improve the sustainable development guarantee capacity of the coal industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000231/pdfft?md5=0f023d1816467eae6684f99c8d5354a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000231-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72207224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of organic pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater by LC-MS analyzer","authors":"Bineeta Singh ,&nbsp;Ranjeet Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Zeenat Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The release of toxic and hazardous effluents from petroleum refining companies seriously threatens the poisoning of water bodies. Thus, it is necessary to determine an accurate treatment process by understanding the nature of wastewater. This work uses Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS), including LC-Tandem MS (LCMS/MS), ion trap (IT), and quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) to comprehend the composition of petroleum refinery effluent. Many polar metabolites available, even as a trace fraction, can be found using advanced LCMS with defined molecular structure, which may or may not be itemized in CAS. Based on the number of carbon atoms (C1-C48), chemical reactivity (saturated, unsaturated, and aromatics), and functional group (hydrocarbons containing oxygen only and other minerals along with oxygen), substances are identified. Using LCMS/MS, 170 organic components, 77.10% negative and 22.90% positive metabolites, are quantified. A range of carbon between C8 and C48 is identified as having 6.50% C8-C12, 30% C13-C17, and 63.50% C18-C48. Higher molecular mass hydrocarbons from C22-C48 are less soluble in water and are more positively polarized, while C8-C21 hydrocarbons are more soluble under negative polarity. The principal ingredient is documented as consisting primarily of aromatic chemicals (72.30%), the majority of which are found as harmful metabolites. Further, 83% of the hydrocarbons are acknowledged to contain solely oxygen compared to other minerals in petroleum effluents. Overall, it was concluded that the direct discharge of petroleum refinery effluents without treatment may cause various health and environmental issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258891252300022X/pdfft?md5=31a6f6d91fe0dcc574b9925527350058&pid=1-s2.0-S258891252300022X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72207225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal distribution and source apportionment of riverine dissolved organic carbon in the Miyun section of the Chaobai River in Beijing, China","authors":"Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Pu ,&nbsp;Ruining Zhang ,&nbsp;Xunliang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Mingxue Meng ,&nbsp;Siqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is indicative of water quality in drinking source water and has an impact on drinking water treatment. Exploring occurrence of DOC in drinking source water is of great significance for the drinking water safety in Beijing. This study elucidated spatial-temporal DOC dynamics in the Miyun section of Chaobai River in Beijing of China and identified sources of DOC based on DOC fluorescent spectral characteristics. Results showed that the average riverine DOC concentration was 30.60 mg/L. DOC concentrations in the Miyun section of the Chaobai River were 30.40, 30.24, and 31.09 mg/L in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. DOC concentrations at the three segments of the Miyun section of the Chaobai River (the Chaohe River, the Baihe River and the Chaobai River) were 29.93, 30.29 and 32.57 mg/L, respectively. Land use contributed to DOC variations rather than season and river segment. Significant increases in DOC concentration were observed in river water flowing through farmland and urban areas, and DOC concentration presented the highest after flowing through the farmland area. The results of FI, HIX and BIX showed that DOC mainly came from endogenous sources such as aquatic biological activities, and was less affected by terrestrial inputs. Special attentions ought to be paid on prevention and control of endogenous DOC inputs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912523000218/pdfft?md5=eaf30f54c38119cd33c271be2a32e0f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912523000218-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91964483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of water pollution through combined sewer overflow using high-speed biofiltration in urban watershed","authors":"Ingyu Lee ,&nbsp;Minsoo Kim ,&nbsp;Antukh Tatsiana ,&nbsp;Jung-joon Hwang ,&nbsp;Yongjun Yoon ,&nbsp;Hyunook Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over recent decades, the rural areas of Korea, including containing source waters, have become extensively developed. Combined sewer systems (CSSs) have been constructed to collect the sewage generated from these areas. Presently, it is common to experience localized heavy rain events, likely due to climate change, and sometimes, the volume of rainfall can become too high for a CSS to handle. In these cases, combined sewer overflow (CSOs) occurs, contaminating surface water, which may have been used as source water. Therefore, the Korean government will begin regulating the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of CSOs occurring during first flushes of less than 40 mg/L from 2024 onwards. In this study, a biofiltration-based technology was proposed to treat CSOs. Thus, this study aimed to remove BOD from CSO using this biofiltration system to contain cube-type media. For this, two different loading rates were tested on a pilot scale. Although the proposed system resulted in a footprint of only 10 % of that of a conventional activated sludge system, it was still capable of achieving efficient BOD removal. At a high loading rate, BOD removal efficiency was observed at approximately 53 %, and when this loading rate was reduced by 50 %, the removal efficiency was slightly improved to about 58 %. In both cases, the BODs of treated CSOs could be maintained below the proposed future standard: 31 mg/L and 28 mg/L for high and low loading rates, respectively. Therefore, the proposed system could potentially be preventing environmental contamination from COSs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49725858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water resources and their management in Pakistan: A critical analysis on challenges and implications","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad ,&nbsp;Haifeng Jia ,&nbsp;Anam Ashraf ,&nbsp;Dingkun Yin ,&nbsp;Zhengxia Chen ,&nbsp;Changqing Xu ,&nbsp;Wang Chenyang ,&nbsp;Qimeng Jia ,&nbsp;Zhang Xiaoyue ,&nbsp;Muhammad Israr ,&nbsp;Rasheed Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water is one of the essential natural resources for human beings. However, rising worldwide water demand and a significant decline in availability due to a lack of dynamic management and over-extraction have resulted in a complex scenario in terms of water availability. The current paper examines water resources and their management, methodologies, aims, and scope. Through the perspective of water resources and their management in Pakistan, 93 research publications were critically analyzed using a systematic review technique. The technique includes a systematic review of existing literature on water resource management, with particular emphasis on policy, governance, and environmental challenges. The study results demonstrate gaps and weaknesses in existing laws and regulations, alongside the threats to water resource management due to population expansion, urban development, climate change, and water contamination. To properly address these problems, the current study proposed a comprehensive framework for water resource management. This framework includes a national water policy that argues for sustainability and improves institutional strength. Infrastructure development, climate change adaptation, and examining social and environmental variables are all emphasized as important problems. Furthermore, it is essential to emphasize the importance of education and raising knowledge about water resource management among the general public and relevant stakeholders. By following these recommendations and the proposed OECD key principles on water governance, Pakistan may make significant progress towards achieving sustainable water management, aligning with its development objectives, and ensuring clean and safe water availability for future generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivities of rainfed maize production to root zone soil water, air temperature and shortwave radiation in the Sanjiang Plain under sub-humid cool-temperate climates","authors":"Mingxue Meng ,&nbsp;Xiao Pu ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Yuhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Xu ,&nbsp;Yanjia Hu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of rainfed maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is sensitive to fluctuations of environmental conditions, while whether the sensitivity varies across the growth stages is still unclear. Based on a 5-year dataset collected from consecutive observations, this study examined the sensitivities of biomass and yield production of rainfed maize to root zone soil water, air temperature and shortwave radiation at four growth stages in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeastern China under sub-humid cool-temperate climates. The multiple linear regression model was employed to establish functional relations between biomass and yield production and significant explanatory variables. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to test sensitivities of biomass and yield production to perturbation of a single significant explanatory variable or co-perturbation of multiple significant explanatory variables. Results showed that root zone soil water prevailed over air temperature and shortwave radiation in affecting rainfed maize development for the most time of the growing period. Biomass production was most sensitive to root zone soil water which had positive variance contributions of 70 – 100% at the early and late vegetative stages and a negative variance contribution of −99.4% at the early reproductive stage. Yield production was also sensitive to root zone soil water at the early reproductive stage with a 100% positive variance contribution. Biomass and yield production were most sensitive to air temperature at the late reproductive stage and the positive variance contributions of air temperature were 97.7 – 100%. Shortwave radiation negatively contributed to biomass production by −28.6% at the late vegetative stage. The findings of this study suggest that more attention could be paid to the most sensitive factor at different growth stages of rainfed maize for great biomass accumulation and high grain yield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}