Water Biology and Security最新文献

{"title":"Ensuring water purity: Mitigating environmental risks and safeguarding human health","authors":"Ovinuchi Ejiohuo ,&nbsp;Helen Onyeaka ,&nbsp;Adenike Akinsemolu ,&nbsp;Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor ,&nbsp;Kehinde Favour Siyanbola ,&nbsp;Phemelo Tamasiga ,&nbsp;Zainab T. Al-Sharify","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water is an indispensable resource for sustaining life, ecosystems, and economic productivity. However, increasing contamination and pollution pose severe threats to global water purity, with significant risks to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystem stability. This study examines the diverse dimensions of water purity, including its impacts on ecosystems and human health, sources of pollution, global disparities, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements. These factors are essential in addressing the escalating threats to water quality and public health. This study also explores the complex relationship between water contamination and food security, emphasising the role of water purification in disease prevention and sustainable food systems. It underscores the critical need for effective water purification strategies, exploring challenges and potential solutions, including applications of artificial intelligence and big data. The study highlights mechanisms to enhance transparency and accountability in water resource management through an analysis of policy frameworks and innovative practices. By evaluating the effectiveness of current purification methods and regulatory standards, the study provides valuable insights for sustainable water protection initiatives. Findings from this study highlight global water access and quality disparities, and suggests the need for targeted strategies to promote equity and a coordinated, international response to safeguard water resources. This study offers robust theoretical support for environmental protection policies and advocates for stronger local capabilities in addressing regional water challenges. It delivers a comprehensive framework to mitigate pollution risks, protect biodiversity, and promote public health, underscoring the global urgency of securing clean water access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-dependent effects of zooplanktivorous Thin Sharpbelly (Toxabramis swinhonis) on plankton assemblages and water quality: Implications for lake rehabilitation","authors":"Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Adam G. Hansen ,&nbsp;Jie Ke ,&nbsp;Shiqi Li ,&nbsp;Chuansong Liao ,&nbsp;Xingwei Cai ,&nbsp;Jing Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiashou Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of anthropogenic and natural factors, zooplanktivorous fish often dominate fish assemblages within lake ecosystems along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB), China. Despite their prevalence, the density-dependent effects of zooplanktivorous fish on lake food webs within the MLYRB are poorly understood compared to other omnivorous fish. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to quantify how plankton communities and water quality responded to varying densities of a common zooplanktivorous fish (Thin Sharpbelly <em>Toxabramis swinhonis</em>). During the experiment, the mean weekly total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn), turbidity, and chlorophyll-<em>a</em> (Chl.<em>α</em>) values in treatments where Thin Sharpbelly were present (i.e., fish-present) were all significantly higher than those in the control treatment with no Thin Sharpbelly (i.e., fish-absent). In addition, all water quality variables exhibited a significant positive relationship with the density of Thin Sharpbelly. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the fish-present treatments were significantly higher than in the fish-absent treatment, with <em>Pseudanabaena</em> spp., <em>Dolichospermum</em> spp., and <em>Limnothrix</em> spp. dominating the phytoplankton assemblage. The biomass and abundance of small-bodied zooplankton increased with fish density, whereas the relative abundance and biomass of large-bodied zooplankton (cladocerans and copepods) showed the opposite trend. Also, the ratio of zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass declined nonlinearly with fish density, while the ratio of Chl.α to TP was significantly positively correlated with fish density. Collectively, experimental results indicated that zooplanktivorous fish increased the concentrations of nutrients and stimulated phytoplankton growth through feeding on large zooplankton and the strength of these effects increase with fish density. Moreover, results indicate that high densities of zooplanktivorous fish can alter plankton assemblage structure by facilitating growth of undesirable cyanobacteria and shifting the composition of zooplankton to smaller-bodied species and forms. Our results demonstrate how Thin Sharpbelly, and potentially other obligate zooplanktivorous fish, can have adverse effects on water quality and plankton assemblages, but these responses are density dependent. Our findings suggest that managing the density of zooplanktivorous fish could be a useful ecological rehabilitation measure for improving water quality in MLYRB lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passage efficiency and behavioral performance of Schizothorax davidi through different sections of a long vertical slot fishway","authors":"Jianghui Bao ,&nbsp;Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Li ,&nbsp;Chaoshuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyuan Mi ,&nbsp;Dongxu Zhang ,&nbsp;William M. Twardek ,&nbsp;Hsien-Yung Lin ,&nbsp;Ye Qiao ,&nbsp;Steven J. Cooke ,&nbsp;Ming Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish passage facilities are constructed worldwide to enable fish to pass anthropogenic obstacles (i.e., dams) and re-establish river connectivity. The construction of these facilities involves sophisticated engineering designed to attract fish and enable passage. The behavior of fish encountering these structures, particularly in long vertical slot fishways, has been poorly studied. This study was conducted on the Daduhe River in Southwest China to quantify the upstream passage efficiency and performance of tagged <em>Schizothorax davidi</em> in different sections of a long vertical slot fishway spanning 1228.3 ​m. The overall passage efficiency was 13% although the passage efficiency in seven sections (A0-A1, A1-A2, A2-A3, A3-A4, A4-A5, A5-A6, A6-A7) ranged from 43% to 100% reflecting differences in slope among sections. The highest passage efficiency was documented in rest pool sections with a slope of 0 (A3–A4, 100% and A6–A7, 100%) and during passage through the dam itself (A5–A6, 90.0%). The lowest passage efficiency was section A2–A3, where a garbage interception facility affected passage efficiency. Average transit time from A0 to A7 was 85.2 ​h and ranged from 8.8 to 237.6 ​h. Transit speed varied over various sections. The first section (i.e., A0–A1) had slow transit speeds which presumably was influenced by acclimation and recovery from tag implantation. After this, the transit speed had a slight increase but decreased again. Additionally, more than half (5 out of 9 fish) of the fish fell back after reaching the most upstream section and reascended the fishway which tripled the total passage time for those individuals. No significant diel activity rhythms were observed, but a strong bimodal distribution was noted in fish transit time when passing the first monitoring site. Cox-proportional hazards model showed that transit time was negatively correlated with body size but positively correlated with water level and water temperature. Our study provides valuable insights into activity when passing through a long fishway, which can inform design of fishway structures and operational patterns to improve upstream passage efficiency. Specifically, we recommend increasing the number of resting pools and maintaining appropriate water levels to reduce transit time and fallback frequency in long fishways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome size affects phytoplankton response to environmental factors: A preliminary exploration in 26 lakes in the region east of the Hu Huanyong Line","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Hanjie Huang ,&nbsp;Kangxu Zhao ,&nbsp;Junping Lv ,&nbsp;Xudong Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Shi ,&nbsp;Shulian Xie ,&nbsp;Jia Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given their varied physiological and ecological attributes, phytoplankton frequently exhibit disparate responses to changes in environmental conditions. Therefore, when studying modifications in the structure of a phytoplankton community, it is necessary to consider such differences and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Through a field sampling study of 26 lakes, we found that the differing responses of phytoplankton to changes in environmental factors were partly related to their genome size. The Cyanobacteria and Chrysophyta, which possess smaller genomes, exhibited a relatively low degree of sensitivity to alterations in nutrient concentrations. However, they demonstrated a stronger dependence on the metabolic processes of environmental microorganisms compared to other phytoplankton with larger genomes. Furthermore, the Cyanobacteria and Chrysophyta were more closely associated with environmental nutrients and water chemistry and were more actively involved in interspecific interactions among phytoplankton. By randomly deleting sample points, we verified the generality of the above conclusions. However, more refined grouping analyses indicate that diatoms exhibited different ecological characteristics due to their physiological and morphology. The present study offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying the ecological adaptations of phytoplankton and may provide new guidance for the management of Cyanobacterial blooms. Further studies could take a more refined approach to investigate the effect of phytoplankton “effective genome size” on their adaptive capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle and transcriptomic genomes of a freshwater brown alga and further insights on the phylogenetic relationship of red secondary plastid-derived lineages","authors":"Fangru Nan,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Huiying Zhao,&nbsp;Jia Feng,&nbsp;Junping Lv,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Xudong Liu,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Shulian Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater brown algae have been acknowledged as the least diverse of all groups of freshwater algae. Morphological and molecular investigation were conducted on a freshwater brown alga collected in this study. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic tree based on the <em>rbc</em>L gene confirmed its attribution to <em>Heribaudiella fluviatilis.</em> The complete organelle genomes of <em>H. fluviatilis</em> were determined and assembled from high-throughput sequencing. A circular tetrad structure of 128,880 bp was identified for the chloroplast, and the mitochondrial genome was assembled as a circle with 43,657 bp in length. This study provides the first and only record of organelle genomic information of the freshwater Phaeophyceae, which are important for understanding the endosymbiosis theories. Concatenated (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood under MFP and GHOST models) and coalescent methods were used to construct the phylogenetic relationship among secondary plastid-bearing lineages based on organelle genomes. Obvious conflicts were observed in grouping relationships of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, even among different evolutionary models and tree-constructing methods. The transcriptome of <em>H. fluviatilis</em> was sequenced and used to construct the phylogenetic relationship among secondary plastid-bearing lineages. The phylogenetic relationships in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes were consistent in grouping CHSR taxa (cryptophytes, haptophytes, stramenopiles and rhizarians) in an independent branch. The phylogenetic relationship constructed from nuclear transcriptomes was highly reliable by owning robust supporting values on each node and was consistent with the serial endosymbiosis theory on evolution of red secondary plastid-derived lineages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of IGFBP genes in Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus): Insights into growth regulation and stress response","authors":"Yiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Chaofan Jin ,&nbsp;Shaoxuan Wu ,&nbsp;Chenlin Yin ,&nbsp;Jianmei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenmin Bao ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP) family genes, which function as carrier proteins in the circulation, are integral to various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. However, the systematic identification, characterization, and functional analysis of <em>igfbp</em> family genes in teleosts remain to be explored. In this study, we identified and characterized a total of 11 IGFBP family members in the Leopard Coral Grouper (<em>Plectropomus leopardus</em>). Expression analysis revealed that <em>igfbp</em> genes exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns in adult <em>P. leopardus</em>. Notably, certain <em>igfbp</em> genes were differentially expressed in growth-related tissues in fast-growing versus slow-growing individuals, suggesting their potential role in growth regulation. Specifically, the expression of <em>igfbp2a</em> and <em>igfbp2b</em> in the liver was further validated using FISH. Furthermore, knockdown of <em>igfbp2b</em> expressed specifically in the liver resulted in the promotion of muscle development and increased expressions related to muscle cell development. Additionally, several <em>igfbp</em> genes were dynamically involved in the response to acute hypothermia in the brain, gills, kidneys, and liver. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and functions of <em>igfbp</em> family genes in <em>P. leopardus</em>, providing a solid foundation for further investigation into the functional mechanisms of <em>igfbp</em> genes in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA profiling yields immune response and metabolic changes in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) infected with LMBV","authors":"Xiaodan Liu ,&nbsp;Liwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Tan ,&nbsp;Mengya Guo ,&nbsp;Weiguang Kong ,&nbsp;Zhenhua An","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The largemouth bass virus (LMBV) exhibits high pathogenicity in both adult and juvenile largemouth bass, causing substantial economic losses within the aquaculture industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in controlling viral infections and the host's immune responses, making them significantly valuable in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases. Nevertheless, research on miRNA expression profiles associated with LMBV infection in largemouth bass is currently insufficient. This research attempts to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in the potential immune response and metabolic alterations triggered by LMBV infection in largemouth bass using miRNA sequencing. Following quality screening, the infection group and control group yielded a combined total of 142.73 million clean reads, with lengths predominantly at 22 ​nt. 1718 known miRNAs were identified, including 238 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). In addition, 400 novel miRNAs were predicted, 36 of which were DEMs. To gain further insight into the immune and metabolic related biological functions of DEMs, target gene prediction was conducted. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that LMBV impacted pathways such as Endocytosis, Purine metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol, Fatty acid Biosynthesis, and Phagosome signaling systems, highlighting the vital role of miRNAs in immune responses and metabolic alterations. Furthermore, the miRNA-mRNA interaction network revealed crucial miRNAs and their corresponding target genes involved in conferring resistance against viral infections by utilizing metabolic and immune related pathways as the foundation. Ten DEMs were selected at random for real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and results exhibited expression patterns that were consistent with sequencing data. These findings validate the immune and metabolic regulatory function of miRNAs against LMBV in largemouth bass, offering valuable perspectives for the prevention and management of illnesses linked to iridoviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condition index for Cerrado springs: A simplified and efficient tool for conservation planning","authors":"Rafaella Oliveira Martins ,&nbsp;Cristhiane Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Kaiqui da Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ully Mattilde Pozzobom ,&nbsp;Leandro Schlemmer Brasil","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Springs are essential for water security in the Cerrado (Neotropical Savanna Biome), especially considering its prolonged dry periods. However, the protection of these environments is often compromised by various human activities, necessitating the creation of plans for protecting and rehabilitating already degraded springs. Thus, assessing the environmental condition of springs is essential for adopting effective protection or rehabilitation measures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply protocols for assessing spring environmental conditions in the Cerrado. To achieve this, we conducted a literature review of existing environmental protocol models, adapted them after considering Cerrado environmental conditions, and field-tested a protocol termed the Spring Condition Index (SCI). We used linear models to measure the relationship between SCI scores and physical-chemical variables of water and local vegetation. We assessed a total of 41 springs, and SCI values ranged from 0.61 to 0.94, where values closer to 1 indicated a more preserved spring. SCI showed a positive linear relationship with dissolved oxygen and landscape vegetation cover, and a negative linear relationship with water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity. Despite a macroscopic analysis, these results indicate that SCI is effective and robust for measuring spring environmental condition, with the advantage of being conducted in just a few minutes. Thus, we suggest its application throughout the biome so that springs with lower SCI values can be quickly identified and prioritized for rehabilitation in the Cerrado Biome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Licochalcone A alleviates the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila by affecting the function of aerolysin","authors":"Jing Dong ,&nbsp;Shengping Li ,&nbsp;Shun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Yang ,&nbsp;Yibin Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Ai ,&nbsp;Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins in aquatic products satisfy the increasing demand of high-quality proteins of humans, resulting in a rapid development of freshwater aquaculture. However, bacterial diseases in aquatic animals often cause economic losses worldwide. Antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture to deal with bacterial infections, but antibiotic resistance has restricted its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs on account of novel strategies. Here, aerolysin, the main virulence factor of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>), was defined as a target to develop anti-virulence drugs. The results showed that Licochalcone A (LCA) with little bacteriostatic activity could decrease the hemolytic activity of aerolysin without affecting its production. The binding mode and potential binding sites were determined following molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Ser33 and Pro365 were confirmed to be the main binding sites according to the results of fluorescence quenching assay with mutated aerolysin. The mechanism by which LCA inhibited aerolysin was hindering its pore-forming activity. Moreover, cell viability assays and animal studies demonstrated that LCA could provide a significant protection to human alveolar epithelial cells from aerolysin-mediated cell damage and decrease the pathogenicity of <em>A. hydrophila</em> to channel catfish. These findings suggested that LCA might be a novel candidate for treating <em>A. hydrophila</em> infections and partly determined the mechanism of herbal medicine in dealing with bacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of microplastics on larval ingestion, survival, and development of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota","authors":"Hong Wu ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohsen ,&nbsp;Yikun Cen ,&nbsp;Yukai Yang ,&nbsp;Zonghe Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of microplastics in the marine environment poses a potential threat to juvenile and adult sea cucumbers; however, the effects of microplastics on the early developmental stages of sea cucumbers are poorly understood. In this study, the larvae of <em>Holothuria leucospilota</em> were exposed to polystyrene (PS) particles of varying sizes (1–60 ​μm) to investigate the influences of microplastics on food ingestion, digestion, and performance of larval <em>H. leucospilota</em> at different developmental stages. The fluorescence tracing experiment revealed that the early- and mid-auricularia were capable of ingesting particles up to 20 ​μm in size, whereas late-auricularia larvae could ingest particles up to 40 ​μm in size. It was observed that microplastic particles accumulated in the stomach of larvae over a certain period, making it difficult for them to eliminate. Microplastic particles of 10 ​μm could be observed aggregating in the stomach of larvae at all developmental stages. The 20 ​μm and 40 ​μm particles had limited effects on larval survival but caused developmental retardation. Larvae that were exposed to 10 ​μm and 60 ​μm particles had significantly lower survival rates compared to the control group. Moreover, microplastics had a negative effect on the growth of larvae, and larger particles (20 ​μm, 40 ​μm and 60 ​μm) had greater effects than smaller ones (1 ​μm, 5 ​μm and 10 ​μm). The presence of microplastics hindered the development and metamorphosis of larvae, in particular by inhibiting the maturation of their ciliary band and esophagus. In conclusion, microplastics have negative impacts on larval <em>H. leucospilota</em>, and therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent the introduction of microplastics into hatcheries artificially breeding sea cucumbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}