Veterinary Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Assessing immune evasion potential and vaccine suitability of a feline panleukopenia virus strain","authors":"Jiakang Li ,&nbsp;Yue Zeng ,&nbsp;Jiajia Peng ,&nbsp;Yongqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Luying Li ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Zijun Ye ,&nbsp;QingXiu Chen ,&nbsp;Quanhui Yan ,&nbsp;Qiuyan Li ,&nbsp;Shengbo Cao ,&nbsp;Dengyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the introduction of the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccine in China in 2011, it has played a crucial role in safeguarding the health of numerous pet cats by preventing FPV infections. However, an observed rise in FPV infections among cats previously vaccinated has prompted our investigation. Our laboratory has identified a specific FPV isolate, FPV-251, which raises concerns about its potential to evade the immune response. To validate this hypothesis, we conducted a correlational study on FPV-251. Ten sera samples were collected from ten cats two months after receiving the vaccine three times. These samples were prepared in the laboratory to assess their ability to neutralize FPV-251. Results indicated that the neutralization titers of the 10 sera ranged from 1:313.7 to 1:1051.0, with an average titer of 1:627.4. Considering the diversity and complexity of clinical practice, we expanded our study to include 86 sera samples collected from cats at the clinic after three-time immunizations. Among these, 8 out of 43 sera collected after one year post three-time immunizations and 5 out of 43 sera collected within one year post three-time immunizations exhibited a neutralization index (NI) of less than 50 against FPV-251. Despite its potential immune evasion capabilities, immunization with inactivated FPV-251 demonstrated effectiveness in providing substantial protection for cats. This was evident from the high levels of sera antibodies against FPV-251 in cats with FPV-251 immunization, as well as their ability to survive and maintain good health after being challenged with FPV-251. Furthermore, sera antibodies from immunized cats displayed the ability to neutralize the other five FPV isolates, indicating a robust cross-protection capacity of the FPV-251 vaccine. Our research findings suggest that although FPV-251 may exhibit certain immune evasion capabilities, it holds significant potential for development into a vaccine to protect pet cats from FPV infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772535924000143/pdfft?md5=2542f08281765b25323e9dac727a6ce2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772535924000143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conserved proteins of Eimeria and their applications to develop universal subunit vaccine against chicken coccidiosis","authors":"Lixin Xu,&nbsp;Xiangrui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chicken coccidiosis caused by the <em>Eimeria</em> parasites, including <em>E. acervuline, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox</em> and <em>E. tenella</em>, is one of the most economically important chicken diseases. The main measure to control chicken coccidiosis is chemoprophylaxis. However, the concerns of public about the over chemical residues in products and the strict legislation to limit the applications of drugs and the residues in products push chicken farmers to turn to the vaccination strategy to control coccidiosis. While the antigen diversity of <em>Eimeria</em> significantly decreased the traditional live vaccines. The cryptic strains of <em>Eimeria</em>, which have recently appeared and spread widely, can evade all commercial coccidiosis vaccines, thus becoming an emerging threat to global poultry production. For this reason, the development of universal subunit vaccines using the conserved proteins of <em>Eimeria</em>, effective against all species including the cryptic strains infecting chickens, is crucial for the sustainable development of global poultry industry. In this article, we reviewed the research progresses on the conserved proteins of <em>Eimeria</em>, including stage conserved proteins, species conserved proteins and both stage and species conserved proteins, with their possible applications in the development of universal subunit vaccines. Meanwhile, the cytokines and polymer-based nanomaterials used as adjuvants to enhance the protections of subunit vaccines were also summarized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772535924000155/pdfft?md5=8ebb4cf45478f6d836c36e5208a46855&pid=1-s2.0-S2772535924000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An octavalent dendrimer of multiple antigenic peptide with a property of pan-coronavirus IgM induction improved clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis in cats","authors":"Takuya Nara ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Shimoda ,&nbsp;Chitose Suzuki ,&nbsp;Ngo Thuy Bao Tran ,&nbsp;Hina Tsukada ,&nbsp;Hiroki Okayama ,&nbsp;Hu Weiyin ,&nbsp;Miho Obata ,&nbsp;Saki Mitsunaga ,&nbsp;Masashi Sakurai ,&nbsp;Yudai Kuroda ,&nbsp;Ken Maeda ,&nbsp;Masato Kubo ,&nbsp;Takashi Saito ,&nbsp;Kenichi Masuda","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal disease caused by a pathogenic coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), in cats. Effective vaccines have been unsuccessful due to the frequent mutation of FIPV and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) caused by vaccine-induced IgG antibodies (Abs). This study examined the induction of pan-coronavirus IgM Ab in mice and its ameliorating effects in feline FIP using CoV-mMAP8, an octavalent dendrimer composed of multiple antigenic peptides. The 11-amino acid peptide (SAIEDLLFNKV) was designed as the highly conserved region of the fusion peptide at the N-terminus of S2’ subunit of the spike protein found in human and animal coronaviruses and was then conjugated to an octavalent dendrimer to form CoV-mMAP8. After a total of three injections of CoV-mMAP8 into Balb/c mice with α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) co-administered in the second injection, serum titers of IgM Abs increased against the peptide, recombinant spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, and crude viral antigens of canine coronavirus, porcine endemic diarrhea virus, and FIPV. In contrast, serum titers of IgG Abs did not significantly increase against any antigens. When CoV-mMAP8 was injected into three cats experimentally infected with FIPV, hyperthermia was improved within seven days after the injection with ameliorating inflammatory markers such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and the systemic immune-inflammatory index. One cat that showed recurrent hyperthermia received an additional injection of CoV-mMAP8, and clinical improvement was observed again. Postmortem examinations confirmed chronic lesions of FIP in all the cats, providing evidence that FIPV had been successfully infected and treated with CoV-mMAP8 in all the cats. Based on the induction of pan-coronavirus IgM Abs in mice and ameliorating effects in FIP of cats, it is assumed that CoV-mMAP8 has the potential to overcome the challenges posed by variants and ADE in FIPV. The mutational compatibility of CoV-mMAP8 can make it a viable universal vaccine for various coronaviruses beyond FIPV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772535924000027/pdfft?md5=9e2b816ec0a422d05aa73a6ac30cc66c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772535924000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first commercially approved efficacious cryptosporidium vaccine protecting New-Born calves from severe diarrhea","authors":"Marina Timmermans,&nbsp;Willem Hubers,&nbsp;Dianne Schroer,&nbsp;Koen Gevers,&nbsp;Ruud PAM Segers,&nbsp;Ron Niessen,&nbsp;Mark H van Roosmalen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in calves. Four major pathogens, including Enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC), bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp., are associated with NCD, with <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em> (<em>C. parvum</em>) recognized as a major contributor. Despite various treatment options available, there is no effective vaccine for bovine cryptosporidiosis yet. In this study, recombinantly expressed <em>C. parvum</em> gp40 was evaluated as a candidate vaccine in pregnant animals. The vaccine was administered to pregnant cows during the last trimester of their pregnancy resulting in highly statistically significantly increased anti-gp40 antibody titers. The resulting anti-gp40 antibodies were transmitted to the calves via colostrum. Both suckling (<em>n</em> = 29; test:14, control:15) and non-suckling (<em>n</em> = 16; 8 per group) calves were challenged with live <em>C. parvum</em> oocysts. The calves that received the colostrum from gp40 vaccinated cows showed a highly statistically significant improvement in health (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), reduced incidence (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), and duration of severe diarrhea (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and increased weight gain in suckling calves (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). This study demonstrates that immune bovine colostrum, induced by immunization of late-gestation cows with <em>C. parvum</em> gp40, provided substantial protection to calves against cryptosporidiosis. These findings suggest that the gp40 vaccine has potential for preventing outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea associated with cryptosporidiosis in calves, thereby improving animal welfare and performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772535924000015/pdfft?md5=91cf0c8d8c32105825905001500f6961&pid=1-s2.0-S2772535924000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and challenges for developing vaccines against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Liu,&nbsp;Lisha Ye,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;Chunqun Wang,&nbsp;Min Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) infect sheep, goats and cattle, causing huge economic losses to the breeding industry worldwide. The current major control method is the usage of anthelmintic drugs, however, the widespread issue of parasite anthelmintic resistance means that this approach is becoming unsustainable. Vaccination has been regarded as a long-term and sustainable intervention strategy for controlling these parasitoses. In the past several decades, substantial progress has been made in developing vaccines against GINs infection in grazing ruminants. Many natural proteins of GINs have been identified as effective candidate antigens, which could induce a high level of protective immunity against these GINs infection in ruminants, but the recombinant forms of these native antigens have not achieved satisfactory immunoprotective effects. This review summarizes the progress and challenges for developing vaccines against the main GINs, including <em>Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Cooperia oncophora</em> and <em>Trichostrongylus colubriformi</em>, as well as provides a perspective on promoting the progress of commercially viable recombinant subunit vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277253592300029X/pdfft?md5=e5c3bcc602063771cdd976a496c77a4b&pid=1-s2.0-S277253592300029X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASFV antigens selected from genotype I immunised pigs are immunogenic, but do not protect against genotype II challenge","authors":"Lynnette C. Goatley ,&nbsp;Priscilla Tng ,&nbsp;Laila Al-Adwani ,&nbsp;Zoe Hargreaves ,&nbsp;Stepan Levin ,&nbsp;Teresa Lambe ,&nbsp;Christopher L. Netherton","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused recent outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boar in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America. Control measures for African swine fever are limited in most countries to biosecurity at the farm gate followed by movement restrictions and selective or complete culling of pigs on affected premises. Modified live vaccines are being trialled in several countries, however development of safe and effective African swine fever subunit vaccines has been restricted by a poor understanding of the key antigens required for protection, particularly for the panzootic genotype II viruses. The cellular immune response is thought to be critical for protection against African swine fever and therefore to develop an effective subunit vaccine that stimulates an anti-ASFV T-cell response we screened lymphocytes from pigs which survived challenge with Georgia 2007/1. Using an overlapping peptide library corresponding to 168 annotated open reading frames and 24 potential minor open reading frames we identified seventeen proteins which strongly stimulated secretion of interferon gamma in an ELISpot assay. The phenotype of the T cells which were stimulated by these pools of peptides were then investigated by flow cytometry. Proteins stimulating predominantly CD8⁺ T cells were incorporated into bivalent replication deficient adenovirus vectors and tested as potential vaccine candidates in immunisation and challenge experiments in pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772535923000306/pdfft?md5=8666632c7eca92f99ffd5ab5f3bcab3c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772535923000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138490189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of predicted T cell epitopes in porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from 2017 to 2021 and selected vaccines (EpiCC analysis) confirms the global relevance of a bivalent vaccine approach","authors":"Dennis L. Foss ,&nbsp;Andres H. Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Meggan Bandrick ,&nbsp;Sudeep Perumbakkam ,&nbsp;Anne S. De Groot ,&nbsp;William D. Martin ,&nbsp;Frances E. Terry ,&nbsp;Alvaro Aldaz ,&nbsp;James R.D. Allison ,&nbsp;Jose Angulo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a globally important pathogen of swine with a high capacity for genetic change, potentially including evolution of strains less susceptible to vaccine induced immunity. Starting with DNA sequences, <em>in silico</em> tools can be used to predict the T cell epitope content of the PCV2 capsid protein in vaccines and field strains, allowing calculation of Epitope Content Comparison (EpiCC) scores reflecting the number of T-cell epitopes held in common. Previous work has shown that a bivalent PCV2a and PCV2b vaccine gave greater T cell epitope coverage (higher EpiCC scores) than either PCV2a or PCV2b as a monovalent, with the more complete match potentially helping to preserve or enhance vaccine efficacy. This study extends the above, using refined methodology to compare the putative T-cell epitope content of 4 PCV2 vaccines (3 based on PCV2a, and one a PCV2a and PCV2b bivalent) to a larger and more contemporary global sample of PCV2 field strains. 746 PCV2, ORF2 nucleotide sequences from diagnostic submissions dating from 2017 to 2021 were included. These comprised PCV2a (129), PCV2b (109) and PCV2d (508), and originated from Asia (185), Europe (269), North America (235) and South America (57). Phylogenetic classification confirmed the predominance of PCV2d in all regions, but with continuing presence of PCV2a and PCV2b. An interesting regional divergence was noted for PCV2a, with all strains from Europe grouped within a single phylogenetic cluster (cluster 10) and all but one from North America being in a different phylogenetic cluster (cluster 6). EpiCC scores for the bivalent vaccine were significantly higher than for the monovalents for all genotypes in all regions, showing the global relevance of the bivalent approach. Calculation of the relative contributions of the PCV2a and PCV2b components showed that, while most T-cell epitopes were present in both, each also made substantial unique contributions. Of most practical relevance, given that most commercial vaccines are based on PCV2a, the addition of PCV2b increased T-cell epitope coverage by 33% and 21% for PCV2b and PCV2d respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico vaccine matching and its validation through in-vivo immune protection analysis for imported and indigenous vaccines against recent field isolate of avian influenza H9N2","authors":"Kinza Khan ,&nbsp;Tahir Yaqub ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair Shabbir ,&nbsp;Asim Aslam ,&nbsp;Nadia Mukhtar ,&nbsp;Sehar Fazal ,&nbsp;Rida Iftikhar ,&nbsp;Mannan Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability of influenza viruses to incessantly mutate makes these viruses to circulate in the field continuously. Every year, economic losses are faced by poultry industry due to vaccine failure. The current study was designed to bridge the gap by using various bioinformatics tools. For B-cells, HA protein of study virus showed 85.45% epitopes conservancy with vaccine 4 (local vaccine) whereas 54.54%, 67.27% and 43.63% were found conserved in vaccines 3, 2 and 1 (imported vaccines) respectively. For NA protein of study virus, 87.03% epitopes were found conserved in vaccine 4 whereas in vaccines 3, 2 and 1, 18.14%, 50% and 37.03% were found conserved respectively. Slight different results were obtained for T-cells. For MHC-1, vaccine 2 showed highest conservancy of 70% with HA protein of our study virus whereas, vaccine 1 and 3 showed 50% and vaccine 4 showed 60% conservancy. In case of NA protein 90%, 54%, 45% and 36% epitopes were conserved in vaccines 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively against MHC-1 molecules. For MHC-2, HA protein of our study virus, vaccine 2 and 4 showed 84% conservancy whereas vaccine 1 and 3 showed 53% conservancy. While for NA protein, 100%, 28%, 71%, and 57% epitopes were conserved in vaccines 4, 3, 2 and 1 against MHC-2 molecules. <em>In-vivo</em> trials also supported <em>in-silico</em> results. Groups vaccinated with vaccine 1 and 3 respectively, showed significant levels of morbidity and post-challenge virus shedding through buccal and cloacal swab as compared to vaccine 2 and 4 respectively. Our study shows that there is a need of continuous evaluation and upgradation of seed virus of H9N2 vaccines, for this purpose <em>in-silico</em> analysis is a reliable and efficient method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical evaluation of a recombinant MVA expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase envelope protein of parainfluenza virus 5 (Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5)","authors":"D.S.O. Daian e Silva ,&nbsp;T.M.G. Pinho ,&nbsp;R.P. Rocha ,&nbsp;S.B. Oliveira ,&nbsp;G.M. Franco ,&nbsp;E.F. Barbosa-Stancioli ,&nbsp;F.G. Da Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PIV 5 (<em>Mammalian orthorubulavirus</em> 5 - ICTV, 2021, previously known as <em>Parainfluenza virus</em> 5) is one of the main causes of ITB (infectious tracheobronchitis) affecting dogs, with a global distribution and potential to generate outbreaks from time to time. The currently available vaccines against the disease do not prevent the symptoms, require a high number of doses, and use adjuvants that, in addition to the cost of production, are responsible for adverse reactions, sometimes severe. Such drawbacks have raised the interest for new vaccine's development against ITB. In this context, we designed a recombinant immunogen based on the modified <em>Vaccinia virus</em> Ankara (MVA) expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) envelope protein of PIV 5, and evaluated the immunogenic potential of this vaccine in C57BL/6 female mice. For the immunogenicity analyzes, epitopes of CD8⁺ T cell for the MHC-I murine alleles were predicted <em>in silico</em>, evaluated <em>in vitro</em> through flow cytometry and ELISA assays, and were used to evaluate the CD8⁺ T cell responses. The efficient expression of the envelope protein by the recombinant vector, allied to the immunogenic responses <em>in vivo</em>, highlights the potential of our recombinant MVA as a vaccine against PIV 5.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of multiepitope vaccine candidate from a major capsid protein of the African swine fever virus","authors":"Adekunle Babajide Rowaiye ,&nbsp;Angus Nnamdi Oli ,&nbsp;Mercy Titilayo Asala ,&nbsp;Ezinne Janefrances Nwonu ,&nbsp;Moses Okonkwo Njoku ,&nbsp;Olayinka Oluwafemi Asala ,&nbsp;Suliat Adebola Salami ,&nbsp;Nancy Amara Mbachu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetvac.2023.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study unveils immunodominant epitopes from the African Swine Fever Virus Major Capsid protein and created a multiepitope vaccine candidate. Protein sequences of 42 strains of ASFV from 28 countries were selected. Binding to MHC proteins were predicted. T and Linear B Lymphocytes epitopes were adopted and evaluated for antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Selected epitopes were modelled and molecularly docked against the appropriate MHC proteins. An adjuvant and multiple linkers were used to create multiepitope vaccine candidate (VC). After evaluating the physicochemical and immunological properties of the vaccine candidate, its structure was refined, validated, and mutated. The Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the VC with the TLR4 receptor was performed and cloned <em>in silico</em> in a plasmid vector. A VC with 130 amino acid residues, 14.60 KDa weight and isoelectric point of 10.63 emerged. The VC is hydrophilic and non-allergenic; has MHC I immunogenicity and antigenicity values of 1.43 and 0.72 respectively, an instability index value of 33.11 and half-life of 1 h, 0.5 h and &gt; 10 h in reticulocytes of mammals, yeast, and <em>E. coli</em> respectively. The VC shows good promise and further tests are required to determine its safety and efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101273,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Vaccine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49715943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}