Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

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Deterministic and stochastic analysis of Hepatitis A virus transmission considering vaccinated population 考虑接种人群的甲型肝炎病毒传播的确定性和随机分析
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500508
S. Jasrotia, R. Kumar
{"title":"Deterministic and stochastic analysis of Hepatitis A virus transmission considering vaccinated population","authors":"S. Jasrotia, R. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hepatitis A is a contagious liver disease with necro-inflammatory characteristics resulting from Hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV remains a significant public health concern due to its high transmissibility, potential to cause outbreaks and substantial burden in regions with inadequate sanitation. The recent resurgence of HAV cases highlights the need to investigate its transmission dynamics and assess the role of vaccination programs in mitigating the progression of HAV disease. In this study, we introduce a mathematical model that incorporates the vaccinated population to analyze the deterministic and stochastic aspects of HAV, providing deeper insights into its epidemiological behavior and control strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of HAV disease dynamics while taking into account the characteristics of HAV. A thorough investigation is carried out on several factors influencing HAV transmission. This study also examines the influence of stochastic fluctuations and vaccination strategies on the progression of HAV disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A deterministic mathematical model was formulated to analyze HAV transmission and the role of vaccination programs on the progression of HAV disease. Stability analysis is conducted at the equilibrium points of the deterministic HAV model. The deterministic HAV model was extended to a stochastic HAV model in order to incorporate the effects of environmental fluctuations on the dynamics of disease transmission. Further, we investigate the criteria under which the HAV disease either becomes extinct or persists within the population. The nonlinear least-squares regression method is implemented to fit the model to HAV data from Kerala. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the role of each parameter in disease dynamics. The Milstein’s higher-order method is utilized to perform numerical simulations with graphical results depicting the behavior of both deterministic and stochastic solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The deterministic HAV model exhibited local and global asymptotic stability at both DFE and EE points when <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> < 1 and <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span> > 1, respectively. The stochastic HAV model predicts disease extinction for <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span> < 1 and persistence within the population for <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span> > 1. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the infected contact rate, vaccination rate and the rate of departure from the infected class had been the most influential parameters on <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math></span>. It was observed that an increase in the contact rate between non-vaccinated susceptible individuals and infectious individuals significan","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pediatric influenza vaccination: Strategies to increase coverage 儿童流感疫苗接种:提高覆盖率的战略
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500647
José Antonio Navarro-Alonso , Gloria Mirada-Masip , Fernando Moraga-Llop
{"title":"Pediatric influenza vaccination: Strategies to increase coverage","authors":"José Antonio Navarro-Alonso ,&nbsp;Gloria Mirada-Masip ,&nbsp;Fernando Moraga-Llop","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Pediatric influenza places a considerable burden on public health because of its high incidence and the risk of severe complications, especially in children under 5 years of age. Despite recommendations from the Public Health Commission of the Spanish Ministry of Health and the Spanish Association of Pediatrics, childhood influenza vaccination coverage in Spain remains low, underscoring the need for more effective strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze high-impact strategies implemented in nine Autonomous Communities during the 2024/2025 season to improve childhood influenza vaccination coverage, identifying strengths, barriers, and lessons learned for future campaigns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Compilation of experiences and outcomes presented at a meeting co-organized by the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV) and AstraZeneca, focusing on key interventions to increase vaccination coverage in children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reported coverage in 2024/2025 season ranged from 27.6% to 65.7%. Significant increases in coverage were seen where school-based vaccination, extended hours at primary care centers, and proactive outreach were adopted. The use of the live-attenuated intranasal vaccine (LAIV), combined with a school-based strategy, achieved the highest coverage. Nevertheless, logistical barriers were identified, including institutional resistance and challenges in data management and recording.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vaccination strategies that combine school-based programs with extended-hours vaccination in primary care, together with improved coordination and the use of tailored technologies, could optimize coverage. However, each Autonomous Community should adapt its strategies to its specific characteristics and prior experience to maximize program efficiency and impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shingles immunization in patients under interleukin-5 inhibitor treatment 白介素-5抑制剂治疗下的带状疱疹免疫
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500483
Ronald Rodríguez Cogollo , María Ángela Doronzo , Juan Gabriel Garcías Ladaria , Juan Rodríguez-García
{"title":"Shingles immunization in patients under interleukin-5 inhibitor treatment","authors":"Ronald Rodríguez Cogollo ,&nbsp;María Ángela Doronzo ,&nbsp;Juan Gabriel Garcías Ladaria ,&nbsp;Juan Rodríguez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin-5 (IL-5) inhibitors affect the proliferation, maturation, activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. They are authorised to treat hypereosinophilic syndrome in patients aged ≥12 years, and severe eosinophilic asthma in adults. In Spain, the subunit herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine is authorised for preventing HZ and postherpetic neuralgia in people aged 50 years and over who are undergoing treatment with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs. However, the latest update to these recommendations excludes people aged 18 years or older who are about to start treatment with mepolizumab or other IL-5 inhibitors due to the increased risk of zoster in people receiving these treatments, as required by the product's summary of product characteristics. Here, we present the case of a patient being treated with mepolizumab who had not been immunised against HZ and subsequently developed an episode of HZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaccination in the workplace: A pending strategic agenda 工作场所的疫苗接种:一项待决的战略议程
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500648
José Lorenzo Bravo Grande , Carmen Muñoz Ruipérez , Teófila Vicente Herrero
{"title":"Vaccination in the workplace: A pending strategic agenda","authors":"José Lorenzo Bravo Grande ,&nbsp;Carmen Muñoz Ruipérez ,&nbsp;Teófila Vicente Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Factors associated with the intention to vaccinate male children and adolescents against HPV in Casanare, Colombia 与哥伦比亚卡萨纳雷男性儿童和青少年接种HPV疫苗意图相关的因素
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500649
Edwin Omar Ochoa Gelvez, Maria Nieves Díaz Bastidaz
{"title":"Factors associated with the intention to vaccinate male children and adolescents against HPV in Casanare, Colombia","authors":"Edwin Omar Ochoa Gelvez,&nbsp;Maria Nieves Díaz Bastidaz","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in males represents a key public health strategy for preventing HPV-related diseases; however, its incorporation into national immunization programs remains limited in many settings. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the intention of parents and caregivers to vaccinate male children and adolescents aged 9–17 years.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2025 in municipalities of the department of Casanare, Colombia. An anonymous questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, perceptions and intention to vaccinate against HPV was administered to parents and caregivers of male children and adolescents aged 9–17 years. A multistage sampling strategy was employed, involving the random selection of clusters and the sequential, household-based recruitment of eligible participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 569 adult participants, predominantly women, were included. The intention to vaccinate minors was high (82.4%). In the multivariate model, vaccination intention was associated with the adult's role in the child's care, with tutors and caregivers showing a higher likelihood of intending to vaccinate compared with parents (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.18–8.57). Adequate knowledge (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.66–4.70) and neutral or favorable perceptions (OR = 2.67 and OR = 34.97, respectively) were also positively associated with vaccination intention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although participants demonstrated limited knowledge and generally neutral perceptions, the intention to vaccinate male children and adolescents was high. These findings suggest an opportunity to enhance communication strategies that foster informed decision-making and promote sustained HPV vaccination uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation, impact of vaccination coverage and determinants of VZV immunization in people living with HIV: The HIV-ZoVax study 在艾滋病毒感染者中疫苗接种覆盖率的实施、影响和VZV免疫的决定因素:HIV- zovax研究
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500632
Silvia Ivorra-Gómez , Francisco Jover-Díaz , Teresa De Gea-Velázquez , Elisabet Delgado-Sánchez , Jorge Peris-García , Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar
{"title":"Implementation, impact of vaccination coverage and determinants of VZV immunization in people living with HIV: The HIV-ZoVax study","authors":"Silvia Ivorra-Gómez ,&nbsp;Francisco Jover-Díaz ,&nbsp;Teresa De Gea-Velázquez ,&nbsp;Elisabet Delgado-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jorge Peris-García ,&nbsp;Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shingles remains a significant cause of morbidity in people living with HIV despite advances in antiretroviral therapy. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is recommended for this population, yet vaccine coverage and adherence remain suboptimal. This study evaluated the implementation, coverage, and determinants of varicella-zoster virus vaccination in a Spanish cohort of HIV patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed adults with chronic HIV infection followed at an infectious diseases unit in Alicante from January 2022 to March 2025. Sociodemographic, clinical, and vaccination data were extracted from electronic health records. Vaccination status was classified as complete, partial, or unvaccinated. Factors associated with full vaccination were assessed using multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 198 eligible patients, 37.4% completed the full vaccination schedule, 4% were partially vaccinated, and 46% remained unvaccinated. Primary reasons for incomplete vaccination included lack of referral and loss to follow-up. Referral to preventive medicine services and attendance at scheduled appointments were the strongest independent predictors of completing vaccination. No significant associations were observed with age, sex, CD4<!--> <!-->+ counts, viral load, or comorbidity burden.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although vaccination coverage has improved compared to previous reports, significant gaps persist among people living with HIV in our clinic setting. These gaps are mainly due to systemic barriers in patient referral and retention within the vaccination program. Targeted interventions are needed to optimize vaccination pathways, enhance patient follow-up, and strengthen coordination between healthcare providers and patients to increase full immunization rates and reduce shingles-related morbidity in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Filling the global vaccine research vacuum: Scientific denialism, pandemic risk, and the urgency of a new international immunization order 填补全球疫苗研究真空:科学否定主义、大流行风险和建立新的国际免疫秩序的紧迫性
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500633
H.M. Silva
{"title":"Filling the global vaccine research vacuum: Scientific denialism, pandemic risk, and the urgency of a new international immunization order","authors":"H.M. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To discuss how scientific denialism and political interference in the United States have weakened vaccine research and confidence, increasing pandemic risk, and to analyze the need for a new international vaccine order focused on equity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Short communication based on a narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature and institutional reports on vaccine investment, science governance, vaccine hesitancy, and pandemic risk related to climate change, urbanization, and zoonoses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evidence shows that political interference and misinformation in the U.S. during COVID-19 undermined scientific agencies, strengthened the antivaccine movement, and contributed to declining coverage and measles resurgence. At the same time, climate change, deforestation, and population density are accelerating pandemic risk, demanding rapid vaccine platforms and global cooperation. The weakening of U.S. leadership creates a strategic vacuum that can be filled by the European Union, China, India, Brazil, and emerging regions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A distributed, cooperative, and equitable international vaccine order is essential to confront growing pandemic risk and counter scientific denialism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Defining the current models of immunization of immunocompromised patients in Spain, and how to improve them: results of the CARABELA-IP initiative 定义西班牙免疫功能低下患者的当前免疫模式,以及如何改进它们:CARABELA-IP计划的结果
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500634
Jaime Pérez-Martín , Manuel García de la Vega , Gregorio Montes , Inmaculada Mediavilla , José Francisco Soto , Luciano Escudero , Marta Eva González , Victoria Nartallo , María Fernández-Prada , on behalf of the CARABELA-IP Scientific Committee
{"title":"Defining the current models of immunization of immunocompromised patients in Spain, and how to improve them: results of the CARABELA-IP initiative","authors":"Jaime Pérez-Martín ,&nbsp;Manuel García de la Vega ,&nbsp;Gregorio Montes ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Mediavilla ,&nbsp;José Francisco Soto ,&nbsp;Luciano Escudero ,&nbsp;Marta Eva González ,&nbsp;Victoria Nartallo ,&nbsp;María Fernández-Prada ,&nbsp;on behalf of the CARABELA-IP Scientific Committee","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The CARABELA initiative for the immunocompromised patient (IP) aims to optimize the management of these patients by focusing on four specific objectives: (i) the description of care pathway phases (diagnosis, immunization, and follow-up) and management models for IPs in Spain; (ii) the identification of improvement areas in IP care and potential solutions; (iii) the definition of healthcare quality indicators; and (iv) the dissemination of these findings to enable reference centers to guide others in the management of IP.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The CARABELA-IP initiative was developed in three phases: (1) characterization, identifying immunization models, improvement areas, and potential solutions in five pilot centers; (2) validation, through a national multidisciplinary meeting and a Delphi survey to agree on healthcare quality indicators; and (3) dissemination and implementation strategies beyond pilot centers, with a digital Playbook designed to guide the evolution of IP care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three immunization models were identified based on coordination among departments, highlighting the role of preventive medicine and public health departments and nursing. Nine improvement areas and 24 potential solutions were defined. Furthermore, 28 healthcare quality indicators were validated to monitor the evolution of the immunization models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Coordinated, multidisciplinary strategies are needed to ensure appropriate immunization in the face of diverse and heterogeneous IP management strategies. CARABELA-IP proposes a comprehensive model encompassing the identification, stratification, and protocolized referral of IPs, and promoting the training of healthcare professionals and the education of patients and their household contacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Causality assessment of adverse events following immunization “AEFIs” linked to COVID-19 vaccines: clinical cases 与COVID-19疫苗相关的免疫接种“aefi”后不良事件的因果关系评估:临床病例
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500505
Ibtissem Nour El Houda Bekhti , Derouicha Matmour , Wafaa Yakoub El Kraldia , Hadjer Larachi , Yassine Merad , Houari Toumi
{"title":"Causality assessment of adverse events following immunization “AEFIs” linked to COVID-19 vaccines: clinical cases","authors":"Ibtissem Nour El Houda Bekhti ,&nbsp;Derouicha Matmour ,&nbsp;Wafaa Yakoub El Kraldia ,&nbsp;Hadjer Larachi ,&nbsp;Yassine Merad ,&nbsp;Houari Toumi","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><div>To counter the risk posed by COVID-19, vaccines were developed. However, these vaccines are not without dangers. Vaccinovigilance studies have demonstrated their involvement in a number of transient benign manifestations, which have been added to the SPC (summary of product characteristics) of these vaccines, as well as in rare cases of severe Adverse Events Following Immunization “AEFIs”. The aim of our study was to examine the cases of abnormal or serious events that occurred during the survey and to assess the likelihood of a causal link between them and the covid vaccination 19.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a 6-month period from October 2021 to April 2022 in Algeria. Patient testimonials were collected via a questionnaire drafted in two languages: French and Arabic, and used in the form of a paper form and an electronic questionnaire to be completed online. The questions are therefore inspired by the “checklist” used in this method. It follows four steps: Eligibility, Checklist, Algorithm and Classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that there is considerable inter-individual variability in terms of body response to vaccination. While it is true that the adverse effects mentioned in vaccine SPCs are found frequently in vaccinated patients, there are also patients who experienced no abnormalities at all after vaccination.</div><div>We also found that among the cases of severe or habitual AEFIs we studied, some had a highly probable causal link with vaccination, whereas some were possibly related to the subjects' exposure to factors other than vaccines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It is difficult to predict how a human body will react to vaccination, but ongoing vaccinovigilance procedures seek to perfect the knowledge we have about these recently developed vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact and evolution of influenza A virus: a comprehensive review on zoonosis, animal health, and control strategies 甲型流感病毒的影响和演变:关于人畜共患病、动物卫生和控制策略的综合综述
Vacunas (English Edition) Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500650
D. Chowdhury , A. Das , M. Mishra , T. Khutere , Jayashree , R. Manna , S.H. Bodakhe
{"title":"Impact and evolution of influenza A virus: a comprehensive review on zoonosis, animal health, and control strategies","authors":"D. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;A. Das ,&nbsp;M. Mishra ,&nbsp;T. Khutere ,&nbsp;Jayashree ,&nbsp;R. Manna ,&nbsp;S.H. Bodakhe","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza Because of its genetic and antigenic variability, an IAV can spread across species and cause seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics, posing a serious threat to global health. Control efforts are complicated by its evolution and interspecies dynamics, which call for coordinated surveillance and response tactics. In order to improve pandemic preparedness and inform health policy, this review attempts to compile the most recent information on the evolution, epidemiology, and interspecies transmission of IAV using a One Health perspective. Peer-reviewed research, worldwide surveillance data, and molecular analyses (such as RT-qPCR and antigenic mapping) were the main topics of a thorough literature review. Key areas included IAV's antigenic drift and shift, host range (humans, swine, poultry, wild avians), and reassortment events, with emphasis on One Health frameworks integrating genomics and evolutionary studies. IAV's antigenic variability, driven by hemagglutinin and neuraminidase protein changes, facilitates immune evasion, requiring frequent vaccine updates. Swine and avian species serve as reservoirs and mixing vessels, contributing to novel strains like the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. Molecular tools and worldwide surveillance are essential for tracking strain diversity and guiding vaccine development. Drug resistance, intricate interspecies transmission, and deficiencies in real-time zoonotic risk assessment are among the difficulties. Transdisciplinary One Health approaches are necessary for effective IAV management, combining evolutionary research, genomic surveillance, and animal reservoir management to reduce zoonotic threats. To stop future pandemics and address the serious health and economic effects of IAV, enhanced worldwide surveillance and rapid-response vaccination platforms are crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 2","pages":"Article 500650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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