Vacunas (English Edition)最新文献

{"title":"From rodents to humans: Andes virus, human transmission, and the vaccine gap","authors":"Rosa. M. Pintó, Albert Bosch","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on dengue virus infection: Epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, and clinical strategies","authors":"D. Chutia,&nbsp;K. Borah,&nbsp;L.S. Singh,&nbsp;D. Sarmah,&nbsp;L.S. Singha","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue Virus (DENV), a positive-sense RNA virus of the <em>Flaviviridae</em> family, is a major global health concern owing to its expanding distribution, rising incidence, and increasing disease severity. Dengue virus infection, transmitted mainly by <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, ranges from mild fever to severe forms, such as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The pathogenesis of DSS involves ADE, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and cytokine-induced plasma leakage. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), dengue cases are at record highs, particularly in the Americas and Southeast Asia. Host factors such as age, comorbidities, and prior infections, along with environmental influences such as temperature, urbanisation, and global travel, intensify transmission and disease outcomes. Although supportive care and vector control are available, no specific antiviral therapies exist. Drugs such as doxycycline, montelukast, ivermectin, and metformin show promise but require further validation. Vaccine development has progressed with the use of CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia), TAK-003 (DENVax), and Butantan-DV, although their efficacies vary by serotype and population type. Integrating genomics, immunoprofiling, precision vaccinology, early diagnosis, host-targeted therapy, and regional vector control is vital to reduce the global impact of dengue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of mRNA vaccines in oncology: A new Frontier with limited regulations","authors":"R.G. Gopalsamy,&nbsp;K. Athesh,&nbsp;M. dos Santos Barreto,&nbsp;L.A. da Mota Santana,&nbsp;L.P. Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From three to one human papillomavirus vaccine dose: Robust evidence, clinical uncertainties, and the role of perspective","authors":"Marta del Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedules have evolved from the original three-dose regimen toward simplified strategies aimed at increasing coverage and accelerating population-level impact. This article reviews the milestones that supported the shift to two doses and summarizes the most recent evidence supporting a single-dose schedule.</div><div>The move to two doses was underpinned by efficacy and effectiveness data, together with immunobridging studies showing non-inferior immune responses in adolescents compared with young women receiving three doses. Over the past decade, long-term follow-up from cohorts and randomized clinical trials has provided consistent evidence that a single dose can prevent persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types—particularly HPV16/18 —and induce sustained immune responses over time in adolescents and young women. These findings have informed programmatic recommendations that include one- or two-dose schedules for immunocompetent adolescents, while maintaining two- or three-dose regimens for immunocompromised individuals and in settings where maximizing individual protection is prioritized. Important questions remain: evidence is limited in males and in adults; long-term clinical outcomes (high-grade lesions and cancer) require longer follow-up; and there is a need to harmonize public health recommendations with clinical practice and regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, a single-dose schedule is a robust population-level strategy, but translating it to individual decision-making requires clearly stating the objective, the evidence threshold, and the benefit–uncertainty balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H5N1 influenza: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management approaches: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"M.G. Mastoi,&nbsp;R. Rani,&nbsp;F.N.U. Deepa,&nbsp;M.W. Afzal,&nbsp;A. perveen,&nbsp;J. Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H5N1 avian influenza is a highly pathogenic virus with significant implications for global public health due to its high mortality rate and potential for human-to-human transmission. This review explores the virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and management strategies for H5N1. The virus's ability to undergo genetic mutations poses an ongoing risk of increased transmissibility, necessitating continuous surveillance. Advances in vaccine development, including mRNA-based and universal influenza vaccines, provide promising avenues for prevention. Current antiviral treatments, such as neuraminidase inhibitors, remain the cornerstone of therapy, while supportive care is critical in severe cases. Public health interventions, including vaccination programs, quarantine measures and avian surveillance, are essential in controlling outbreaks. Recent reports of H5N1 infections in mammals, including dairy cattle, highlight the need for a One Health approach that integrates human, animal and environmental health strategies. Future directions emphasize the importance of global cooperation, pandemic preparedness and investment in rapid diagnostic tools and effective antiviral therapies. Continued research into viral evolution, host immune responses and novel therapeutic targets is necessary to mitigate the risks associated with H5N1. A proactive, multidisciplinary approach is crucial to preventing future outbreaks and ensuring global health security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies vaccination does not always ensure protective immunity: implications for elimination strategies","authors":"J. Gao,&nbsp;P. Wang,&nbsp;S. Dong,&nbsp;Q. Shang,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;M. Zhang,&nbsp;M.M. Hasan,&nbsp;Md. F. Kulyar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARABELA-IP exploratory focus group: Understanding vaccination challenges in immunocompromised patients - a patient-centered approach","authors":"J. Pérez,&nbsp;M.G. de la Vega,&nbsp;G. Montes,&nbsp;I. Mediavilla,&nbsp;J.F. Soto,&nbsp;L. Escudero,&nbsp;M.E. González,&nbsp;V. Nartallo,&nbsp;M. Fernández-Prada,&nbsp;on behalf of CARABELA-IP Scientific Committee","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Immunocompromised patients (IPs) face a heightened risk of vaccine-preventable infections, yet vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Barriers such as fragmented care, insufficient patient education, and limited coordination between healthcare providers persist, despite guideline-based recommendations. As part of the CARABELA-IP initiative, we aimed to better understand the lived experiences of IP in Spain, to identify areas for improvement and amplify the patient voice in shaping more effective vaccination strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We conducted exploratory online focus group sessions with three IPs from different regions of Spain. Discussions explored communication and coordination with healthcare professionals (HCPs), access to information and education on vaccines, and emotional well-being throughout the vaccination process. Participants also completed a short pre-session questionnaire, including numeric scales and an empathy map to assess satisfaction and emotional response during each phase of their vaccination journey.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants expressed a proactive attitude toward vaccination but reported inconsistent information from HCPs, limited follow-up, and fragmented care across healthcare levels. They described notable emotional differences during the vaccination process: vaccinated patients described increased peace of mind, while the unvaccinated participants reported feelings of vulnerability. All participants called for more accessible education materials, better digital tools, and the implementation of a dedicated case manager to coordinate care and guide them through the vaccination process.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights unmet needs among IPs related to communication, education, and coordination of care. Leveraging patients' strong motivation to be vaccinated through more structured, empathetic, and accessible vaccination pathways could significantly improve uptake and outcomes in this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and prospects of self-amplifying messenger RNA (aaRNAm) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"J. Reina,&nbsp;P. Fraile-Ribot","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have long been used not only to immunize against pathogenic microorganisms but also in therapeutic strategies targeting neoplastic processes. Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines (samRNA), considered “second-generation” platforms, are derived from conventional mRNA vaccines used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Various clinical trials conducted in Japan demonstrated that these vaccines exhibited a favorable safety profile, high immunogenicity, well-tolerated, and had low adverse effect incidence. Notably, the effectiveness of these samRNA vaccines increased with disease severity. These studies suggest that that aamRNA vaccines may offer potential immunological advantages as well as improved immunogenicity and efficacy compared with vector vaccines, without compromising safety. Based on these findings, in November 2023, Japanese authorities authorized the Kostaive vaccine (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2. This is the first authorized samRNA vaccine in the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an active hospital recruitment strategy on pediatric influenza vaccination coverage","authors":"I. Iturralde Orive,&nbsp;M. Sánchez de Medina","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Influenza represents a significant public health issue in the pediatric population. Low influenza vaccination coverage among healthy children aged 6–59 months in Spain justifies evaluating active improvement strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Prospective descriptive non-randomized intervention study during the 2024–2025 campaign at Hospital Universitario de Cruces (CAPV), targeting healthy children aged 6–59 months with appointments in 15 hospital clinics. Weekly, one day was selected for organizational convenience; patient records were reviewed to identify candidates. Pediatric Infectious Diseases staff made telephone calls providing information on influenza vaccination and offering administration on the same day and location as the scheduled consultation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>2,677 children aged 6–59 months had hospital appointments during this period (October 1, 2024–March 31, 2025). The intervention strategy was applied to 651 children (24.3% of total). Families of 347 unvaccinated children were contacted by phone; 223 (64.3%) accepted and received vaccination coinciding with their hospital visit. At campaign end, 81% of the 651 study children were vaccinated (double the target population coverage in CAPV: 40.8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A simple, low-cost strategy based on active telephone outreach coordinated with hospital appointments successfully increases influenza vaccination coverage in the target population. Active professional recommendation and improved accessibility should be structurally integrated into future influenza campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of the monkeypox spread on median-joining and maximum parsimony networks","authors":"A. Ahmad,&nbsp;S. Majaz,&nbsp;B. Mukhtiar,&nbsp;S. ul Ghafoor,&nbsp;I. Naeem,&nbsp;H. Ur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacune.2026.500666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by MPXV, is emerging on a global scale and is recognized as an important orthopoxviral infection in humans. It shares similar clinical symptoms to smallpox, caused by the Smallpox virus. It has been shown that the spread of the MPXV is linked to Western and Central African clades.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To investigate the nature of the virus reported from other countries, here, we analyzed 129 sequenced genomes of MPXV over median-joining and maximum parsimony network methods, including those reported in the 2022 outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results indicated that since the emergence of first report, the genomic pool has experienced divergent evolution into two main clusters, where the latter is somehow a mixed population from almost all the reported countries. Based on the distance-based distribution, all the genomes reported in 2022 were found closely related to the sequences reported in 2019 and 2020 reported from the Nigerian, Israel and UK patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our network analysis demonstrates that the 2022 global outbreak is not an isolated evolutionary event but is genetically rooted in the West African clade. Specifically, the 2022 viral genomes exhibit the highest proximity to strains reported from Nigeria between 2018 and 2020. These findings suggest that Nigeria serves as a primary source for the international dissemination of MPXV, emphasizing that targeted genomic surveillance in West African endemic regions is critical for predicting and preventing future global transmission events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101272,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas (English Edition)","volume":"27 3","pages":"Article 500666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148546045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}