Urban Ecology最新文献_第2页

Avian guild structure and habitat associations in suburban bird communities 郊区鸟类群落的鸟类行会结构与栖息地关联

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90012-4

Richard M. DeGraaf , James M. Wentworth

{"title":"Avian guild structure and habitat associations in suburban bird communities","authors":"Richard M. DeGraaf , James M. Wentworth","doi":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90012-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90012-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breeding bird communities were compared in three suburbs: a 70-year-old area of larhe houses along streets shaded by mature trees (MT), primarily oaks (<em>Quercus</em>) and elms (<em>Ulmus</em>); a 15-year-old area built upon open agricultural land with young maple (<em>Acer</em>) street trees (YT); and a 15-year-old area on which houses were built in small clearings within a second-growth oak-pine (<em>Quercus-Pinus</em>) woodland (OP). Bird censuses each year for 5 years revealed that YT supported the lowest total avian density of the three suburbs; OP supported the greatest variety and total density of insectivores, and the lowest number of ground-gleaning omnivores; and MT supported the highest total avian density, comprised primarily of ground-foraging seed eaters and omnivores. Among nesting guilds, OP contained the fewest ground/herb nesters, and MT the most. Also, OP had the fewest shrub nesters, and MT the most. Tree cavity and twig nesters were significantly more numerous in OP, and tree branch nesters fewer in YT than in either OP or MT. Analyses of habitat structure revealed that shrub maturity is more important than numbers of shrubs, and that planted trees, no matter how mature or abundant, do not replace natural forest stands as habitat for most insectivorous species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101265,"journal":{"name":"Urban Ecology","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 399-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90012-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85047680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 106

Ecology of the urban forest—Introduction to part II 城市森林生态学——第二部分导论

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90002-1

Rowan A. Rowntree

引用次数: 96

Relative use of municipal street trees by birds during summer in state college, Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州州立大学夏季鸟类对市政行道树的相对利用

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90011-2

Walter M. Tzilkowski, James S. Wakeley, Linda J. Morris

{"title":"Relative use of municipal street trees by birds during summer in state college, Pennsylvania","authors":"Walter M. Tzilkowski, James S. Wakeley, Linda J. Morris","doi":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90011-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90011-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relationships between street-tree characteristics, including habitat features, and use by urban birds were investigated from May to July 1980 in State College, Pennsylvania. Bird presence or absence was sampled in 1278 individual street trees of 24 species. Log-linear analysis of tree species, height class and bird occurence determined that pin oak (<em>Quercus palustris</em>), American elm (<em>Ulmus americana</em>) and honeylocust (<em>Gleditsia triacanthos</em> var. <em>inermis</em>) were used more frequently by birds (<em>P</em><0.05), and there was a linear relationship between height class and bird occurrence. Relative use of tree species by a group of three exotic bird species was highly correlated with that of the remaining native bird species (<em>P</em><0.01). Logistic-regression analyses of bird occurrence on 10 habitat variables and tree characteristics showed that tall street trees located in areas with little other deciduous tree cover were more attractive to both the native and exotic bird groups (<em>P</em><0.05). In addition, native birds were observed more often in trees planted in residential areas with little vehicular traffic, whereas exotic birds were more frequent in business areas with greater traffic volume. Because of the interest in bird watching among urban residents, municipal arborists should be aware that street trees may differin their attractiveness to birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101265,"journal":{"name":"Urban Ecology","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 387-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90011-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81178112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Habitat association of mammals in Syracuse, New York 纽约州锡拉丘兹哺乳动物栖息地协会

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90013-6

Larry W. VanDruff, Richard N. Rowse

{"title":"Habitat association of mammals in Syracuse, New York","authors":"Larry W. VanDruff, Richard N. Rowse","doi":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90013-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90013-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 2-year study of the mammals in Syracuse, NY revealed the presence of 17 non-domestic species. Of the 13 species trapped in 20 greenspaces (Parks, greenbelts, private woodlots, etc.), white-footed mice (<em>Peromyscus</em> spp.), meadow voles (<em>Microtus pennsylvanicus</em>) and gray squirrels (<em>Sciurus carolinensis</em>) comprised 65% of the 1040 captures from 13 344 functional trapnights of effort. Species richness ranged from 3 to 9 species captured in the greenspaces, that varied in size from 2 to 22 ha. Three interspecific associations were identified, but several species were associated with similar habitat features. Using Spearman's rank correlation (univariate) and canonical correlation (multivariate), capture success of each species and various combinations were correlated with one or more of 31 physical, biotic or cultural variables obtained from on-site measurements, aerial photographs, and Bureau of Census reports. Generally, variables measured from aerial photographs accounted for more of the variability in mammal abundance among areas than did detailed measurements of on-site physical or biotic conditions. Area of water, area of grass or field, area of pavement or gravel, and total greenspace often were significant, whereas specific characteristics of a vegetative type such as size-class of trees, diversity of herb layer, or percentage of canopy closure in the understory had little effect on the mammalian community. Mammals that can exist in urbanized areas apparently respond to the mosaic of habitats and land uses in the general area rather than those conditions found within specific greenspaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101265,"journal":{"name":"Urban Ecology","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 413-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90013-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90660875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Ecology of the urban forest part II: Function 城市森林生态学第二部分:功能

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90001-X

引用次数: 0

Increment core analysis of declining Norway maples, acer platanoides 衰退挪威枫、枫槭的增量核分析

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90006-9

J.D. Apple , P.D. Manion

引用次数: 8

Presettlement forest structure as a factor in urban forest development 预定居森林结构在城市森林发展中的作用

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90003-3

Joe R. McBride , Diana F. Jacobs

{"title":"Presettlement forest structure as a factor in urban forest development","authors":"Joe R. McBride , Diana F. Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90003-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90003-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Characteristics of presettlement forests at Menlo Park and South Lake Tahoe, CA were compared with the present characteristics of the urban forests in these cities. Urbanization of forest types in both cities led to decreased tree density (in Menlo Park from 279 to 43/ha; in South Lake Tahoe from 761 to 373/ha), decreased tree cover (in Menlo Park from 92 to 34%; in South Lake Tahoe from 57% to 19%). In contrast, urbanization of the oak savannas at Menlo Park has resulted in an increase in tree density (from 4 to 35/ha) crown cover (from 14 to 25%) and the number of species (from 3 to 130). The number of tree species has increased in both cities as a result of urbanization of presettlement forests (in Menlo Park from 5 to 145; in South Lake Tahoe from 1 to 6). The uneven-aged structure of presettlement oak savannas at Menlo Park has been modified to an all-aged structure as a result of tree planting and the mortality of older age classes. The all-aged structure of the presettlement oak forest at Menlo Park was not changed in the transition to the present urban forest. At South Lake Tahoe the even-aged structure of the presettlement Jeffrey pine forest has been modified into a uneven-aged structure by tree planting. Presettlement forest age structure is recognized as the most significant characteristic for the identification of possible management problems in the urban forest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101265,"journal":{"name":"Urban Ecology","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 245-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90003-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85176367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

International cooperation in urban forestry research 城市林业研究的国际合作

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90015-X

引用次数: 0

Fate of natural vegetation during urban development of rural landscapes in Southeastern Wisconsin 威斯康辛州东南部乡村景观城市发展过程中自然植被的命运

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90004-5

David M. Sharpe , Forest Stearns , Lawrence A. Leitner , John R. Dorney

引用次数: 67

Breeding birds and vegetation: A quantitative assessment 繁殖鸟类与植被:定量评估

Urban Ecology Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4009(86)90010-0

Edward L. Goldstein , Meir Gross , Richard M. DeGraaf

{"title":"Breeding birds and vegetation: A quantitative assessment","authors":"Edward L. Goldstein , Meir Gross , Richard M. DeGraaf","doi":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90010-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0304-4009(86)90010-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 5-year study of urban/suburban breeding birds in Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A., focused on the relationship between breeding birds and vegetation composition and structure. Over all habitats, and throughout the 5-year period, woody vegetation volume alone accounted for 50% of all the variation in breeding bird species number, and species richness kept increasing even at relatively high vegetation volumes. Sixty-five species of breeding birds were seen during the study, and these can be divided into three groups based on their overall abundance in the sample areas and on their amenability to management: one group is liable to occur anyway, whether or not woody vegetation volume is encouraged as a management strategy; the second group is liable to be well represented where vegetation volume is encouraged but not well represented where it is not, and is the group most suitably targeted for management; the last group consists of birds which are poorly adapted to built-up areas, and which — though detected in small numbers — are not judged likely to increase significantly even where vegetation volume is augmented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101265,"journal":{"name":"Urban Ecology","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 377-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90010-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88794094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39