Transport Economics and Management最新文献

{"title":"Transformation of the employment sphere in the conditions of “green transition”","authors":"I. Tsygankova, O. Reznikova","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-670-679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-670-679","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the forms of non-standard employment that have a positive impact on the ecology, the environment and contribute to the formation of a “green” economy, as well as the criteria for selecting “green” jobs.Tasks. To identify and characterize forms of non-standard employment that have a positive impact on the ecology and the environment; to assess the main directions of their positive and negative impact on the environment, as well as on the social sphere and quality of life of workers; to develop assessment criteria for “green” jobs; to offer a set of recommendations necessary for the successful transformation of the labor market towards the “green” economy.Methods. The authors used system and comparative analysis, analysis of statistical indicators, sociological methods (questioning).Results. The transformation of the employment sphere under the influence of the development of green economy is manifested in the creation of “green” jobs and the development of nonstandard forms of employment (freelancing, distance employment, virtual employment), which have a positive impact on the environment. This changes the social status and quality of life of workers. These changes can be not only positive (increased employment opportunities for socially vulnerable groups, lower unemployment in depressed regions of the country; lower risks of injuries due to traffic accidents; the possibility of attracting workers with the required competencies to labor-deficient regions; the opportunity to choose more interesting and wellpaid work), but also negative (the need to form digital competencies for successful employment; risk of social isolation; o Positive influence prevails. According to sociological research, the number of workers who work in non-standard employment forms that contribute to the “green” transition is increasing. At the same time in Russia the number of remote workers, freelancers and virtual workers, as well as the number of “green” jobs is not taken into account on a national scale.Conclusions. The lack of statistical information on the number of “green” jobs and the number of workers who work in forms of employment that contribute to the “green transition” significantly complicates the possibilities of labor market regulation and the development of measures to support socially vulnerable groups of workers, as well as organizations that create “green” jobs. In order to successfully transform the labor market towards a green transition, it is necessary to keep statistical records of green jobs based on selected criteria; to develop green job evaluation indicators to assess the impact on the environment, the economy of the organization and the country as a whole, the health and the working capacity of citizens who work in such jobs; to annually analyze the status of green jobs and jobs to be transformed into green jobs in individual organizations and sectors of the eco-industry.","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79768312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESG investing in hedge funds: analysis of the impact of ESG criteria on investment decisions","authors":"K. S. Zakharcheva","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-709-717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-709-717","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the impact of adherence to ESG practices on investment performance and financial performance in hedge funds.Tasks. To study methods of ESG-criteria integration into hedge funds, their decision-making principles and influence of basic ESG-rating on the hedge funds performance; to analyze the dynamics of two selected hedge funds with different strategies on the basis of their assets and profitability levels; to formulate the recommendations for ESG-criteria use in the investment decision-making in hedge funds.Methods. The author of the article used a mixed method of analysis, combining qualitative and quantitative data, to form the empirical base of the study. The method of content analysis and empirical methods were used to analyze qualitative data. In turn, quantitative data were processed by statistical and logical tools. In addition, the author used methods of comparison and analysis of data on the profitability of selected hedge funds.Results. The funds BlackRock Sustainable Advantage World Equity Fund and BlackRock Systematic Global Long/Short Equity Fund, which have high and low ESG-rating respectively, were analyzed. The research showed that both funds are successful and perform well. However, the BlackRock Sustainable Advantage World Equity Fund has higher returns and performance. This can be attributed to the fact that this fund focuses on companies that perform well in sustainability and social responsibility. Moreover, the ESG fund has a high volume of assets and returns due to both sound investment policies and the development of government support for ESG companies, as well as external factors and the “low base effect.”Conclusions. Despite the fact that ESG funds are not a categorical anti-crisis measure, comparative analysis of funds with different ESG ratings revealed that ESG funds may show more stable results due to their more diversified portfolio strategy and consideration of ESG factors. Having studied the trends and dynamics of these hedge funds over several years, the author has come to the conclusion that the use of ESG-principles can give an advantage to investment companies in the market with a high degree of volatility. Additionally, a number of limitations of the study are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81895609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foresight as a strategic technological forecasting tool in digital transformation","authors":"L. Lapidus, A. Draganyuk, A. R. Mzokov","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-630-644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-6-630-644","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify the most effective foresight methods for technological forecasting of digital transformation and development of Russian corporations.Tasks. Analysis of methodological foundations of foresight, its essence, goal setting, and specifics of its practical application; identification of factors for foreign consulting companies to apply foresight methods; review of Russian practice of corporate foresight application by RZD, Gazprom and Rosatom; identification and demonstration of the most effective foresight methods for domestic companies.Methods. The authors used general logical and special research methods, system and structuralfunctional approaches. The study is based on scientific papers published in Russian and foreign periodicals, publications in leading Russian periodicals, normative-legal documents, as well as data from the Bank of Russia, international consulting companies, etc.Results. The article is devoted to the prospects and possibilities of using foresight methods for forecasting and strategic planning in Russian companies. The most effective foresight methods that can be used to develop strategies for the digital transformation of domestic companies were identified.Conclusions. The complexity of technological forecasting is also due to the high degree of uncertainty in the digital economy environment, which is confirmed by the authors’ research in the context of analyzing the data of numerous forecasts of analytical and consulting companies. Significant differences in the methodology of calculating the indicator can be seen in the example of estimates of the size of the global Internet of Things market, which shows a significant scattering of analysts’ opinions, from $300.3 billion to $1,186.2 billion in 2021 (from $75.28 billion to $740.47 billion in 2020). Corporate foresight serves as a strategic technology foresight tool in a highly uncertain digital environment, unreliable forecasts of Industry 4.0 technology market development and other socio-economic processes, which are of primary importance in developing strategies for digital transformation.","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84512244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market power of railway operators under different vertical structures","authors":"Pedro Cantos-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Rafael Moner-Colonques ,&nbsp;Jose J. Sempere-Monerris","doi":"10.1016/j.team.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.team.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper theoretically and quantitatively investigates the effects of structural reforms – separation between infrastructure operations and train operations and the introduction of competition – on the degree of market power downstream, as measured by the Lerner index, by explicitly considering economies of scale at the infrastructure level and regulated access fees. We find that vertical separation reduces the degree of market power when there is a monopoly downstream. Besides, under vertical separation, the Lerner index under duopoly downstream exceeds that under monopoly when economies of scale are large enough. This follows from incomplete pass-through of access fees to prices. Our quantitative analysis indicates that, compared to separation, the Lerner index is higher and consumer surplus and social welfare are also higher in the case of a vertically integrated monopoly. With competition downstream, an integrated structure yields decreases in the integrated operator’s degree of market power and modest gains in terms of consumer surplus and social welfare for low degrees of product differentiation compared to separation. Larger economies of scale result in lower rail prices and access fees, which enhance consumer surplus and industry profits although the Lerner indices go up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49716111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fare impacts of a regulatory change in takeoff and landing restrictions: The case of Newark Liberty Airport","authors":"Jules Yimga","doi":"10.1016/j.team.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.team.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The regulatory change in takeoff and landing restrictions that occurred at Newark Liberty Airport provides an opportune set of conditions to study the effect of a plausibly exogenous shock to airfares. In 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration changed Newark Liberty’s classification from Level 3 to Level 2 (less restrictive designation). In order to isolate the policy impact on airfares, we compare airfare changes in markets that include Newark as endpoint with markets that do not. These markets are analyzed before and after the policy event with a special emphasis on United Airlines which controlled 73% of the slots at Newark. While airfares declined overall, the airfare gap between the Newark and non-Newark markets suggests that Newark airfares were shielded from the full extent of the airfare decrease, resulting in a lesser decline than would have been anticipated in the absence of the regulatory change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 50-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49761818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real options in transportation research: A review","authors":"Shiyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Changmin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.team.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.team.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Real Options (RO) approach is a powerful tool for decision analysis in dynamic or non-stationary stochastic settings, as it considers the value of decision flexibility under uncertainty. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of the RO approach in the transportation literature, where it has been applied to model and analyze various topics in different transportation sectors. To better understand the development of RO analysis in transportation research, we conduct a review of 51 papers from 19 internationally-renowned transportation journals published in the past 30 years. These publications are categorized into three main areas: maritime, aviation, and road/railway/transit. We examine the themes, sources of uncertainty, models, and solving methods used in each publication to identify possible future research directions. Overall, our review highlights the growing use of the RO approach in transportation research and its potential for improving decision-making in uncertain environments. The insights gained from this review can help researchers identify areas for future investigation and facilitate the development of more effective and efficient transportation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49716144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pricing policies for international airports: Per-flight versus per-passenger charges","authors":"Ming Hsin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.team.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.team.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the pricing regime choices between per-flight and/or per-passenger charges for international airports. Each country may choose (i) mix charges for per-flight and per-passenger charges, (ii) per-flight charges only, (iii) per-passenger charges only, and (iv) marginal-operating-cost pricing for each type of charge (Duo-MOC pricing). Each country’s airline competes on flight frequency and passenger volume in the next stage. The global welfare maximization shows that the global welfare levels rank as follows: mix charges (which leads to the first-best outcome), per-passenger charges only, and per-flight charges only (equivalent to Duo-MOC pricing). Regarding local welfare maximization, if both countries choose the same pricing regime in the first stage, then each country’s maximum local welfare achieved in the second airport stage is ranked as follows: Duo-MOC pricing, per-flight charges only, mix charges, and per-passenger charges only. If each country is allowed to choose different regimes, each chooses mix charges to achieve a unique equilibrium. A typical prisoner’s dilemma occurs. The local (and global) welfare rankings under local welfare maximization, combined with the unique equilibrium in the pricing regime choice game, provides clear and sharp policy implications for international airports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"1 ","pages":"Pages 32-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49716121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of management in the digital economy","authors":"E. I. Shveyova","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-533-538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-533-538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74644683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulative monetary policy of Russia and its instruments in the context of the sanctions war","authors":"O. Misko, A. Esipov, V. Samotuga","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-559-566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-559-566","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To develop guidelines and instruments of the stimulating monetary policy of the Russian Federation (RF), contributing in the conditions of the sanctions imposed to increase the rate of economic growth and its efficiency.Tasks. Analysis of the state of the Russian economy, the main directions of its further de­velopment and regulation mechanisms; study of the financial potential of the Russian econ­omy (savings and investments) in conditions of closing access to financial markets and to in­ternational payment and settlement systems of developed countries; study of the ongoing monetary policy of Russia, its main components — monetary and fiscal policy, their impact on economic growth; analysis of modern monetary theory, existing views of Russian and for­eign economistsMethods. The authors applied the method of analysis in the process of studying the practice of monetary and fiscal regulation in Russia and abroad, carried out economic analysis. The ar­ticle reflects the research data of Russian and foreign specialists. A systematic approach, which provides for the interdependence of monetary, fiscal policy and macroeconomic regulation of the economy, investment and innovation development, was used.Results. The need to combine the ongoing restraining anti-inflationary monetary policy with a soft budget policy, providing incentives for modernization of enterprises, domestic demand and supply at the expense of targeted budget financing within the adopted state programs of socio-economic, structural and innovative development with reasonable limits of budget deficit and public debt has been established.Conclusions. In a stagflationary environment, it seems appropriate to pursue a strict anti- inflationary monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, restraining credit issuance and stimulat­ing the growth of savings. Closed access of RF residents to financial markets of developed countries with excessive monetary resources, limited opportunities for growth of domestic savings and savings, insufficient inflow of foreign investments due to high risks of Russian residents to foreign markets increases the importance of targeted budget financing in the context of state programs to expand and modernize production, structural reforms and in­novation development. To justify the limits of the deficit of state and municipal budgets and debts, it is necessary to apply the indicators of fiscal gaps. As the key rate of the Bank of Russia decreases, the financial market stabilizes, and the targets of targeted programs are met, budget financing is replaced by private investment, bank and commercial lending.","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82732094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management of municipalities as an indicator of differentiation of municipal districts by quality of management in the Leningrad region","authors":"N. Kosmacheva, G. V. Cherkasskaya","doi":"10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-509-517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-5-509-517","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the possibility of assessing the energy management of municipalities as an in­dicator of differentiation of municipal districts by quality of management in the Leningrad region.Tasks. To describe the energy capacity of the Leningrad region; to assess the impact of energy management as a management practice on the differentiation of municipal districts in terms of management quality; to compare the quality of general management and energy management in municipal districts.Methods. The authors used modern methodology of socio-economic research, including the ap­plication of system and process approaches, the method of comparative analysis.Results. A mismatch was found between the overall quality of management (in terms of assessed results) and the quality of energy management in municipal districts.Conclusions. According to the author's position, the uneven quality of management in munici­pal districts is obvious. The necessity of introducing into the practice of municipal management of the Leningrad region of the Russian Federation (RF) a more responsible approach to solving the problem of improving the energy efficiency of the regional socio-economic system as a goal of energy management, which should be seen as a means to improve the system of public pro­duction (goods and services) and improve the quality of environment and life of the population in the region under study.","PeriodicalId":101258,"journal":{"name":"Transport Economics and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89312728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}