{"title":"Marine waste derived chitin biopolymer for N-containing supports, catalysts and chemicals","authors":"Nishita Lucas, Chandrashekhar V. Rode","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficacious waste valorisation is a promising strategy towards sustainability. Marine waste which was undervalued and underutilized for a long time has attracted attention recently to realize its economic value to meet the sustainable development requirements. Chitin, a naturally occurring nitrogen-rich marine biopolymer has tremendous potential for material synthesis and chemical production. The current review is focussed on highlighting the effectiveness of chitin from a catalytic perspective. Unlike chitosan, the usage of chitin for constructing catalyst has not been demonstrated thoroughly. Thus, the present study exhibits strategical chemical modification of chitin, its conversion to N-doped carbon materials as efficient catalyst for various transformation. Advancements on deriving organo-nitrogen chemicals catalytically from chitin has also been discussed. Through these two aspects the potency of chitin as a sustainable candidate for catalysis is projected. Finally, challenges and prospects are accessed to enhance the production of valuable chemicals/materials from chitin biomass via greener protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piperazine-Amberlyst®15-catalysed synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes, chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines and chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines","authors":"Giovanna Bosica, Roderick Abdilla","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chromenes, biologically-active scaffolds, and their variants have been often synthesized by the combination of salicylaldehyde, malononitrile, and nucleophilic species (indoles, naphthols, nitro compounds, thiols). Whereas this combination furnishes specifically 2-amino-4<em>H</em>-chromenes, other related compounds such as chromeno[2,3-<em>b</em>]pyridines and chromeno[2,3-<em>d</em>]pyrimidines may be also attained using similar readily available reactants: salicylaldehyde, two equivalents of malononitrile and a thiol for the former and malononitrile, two salicylaldehyde equivalents and an amine for the latter. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies which have attempted to synthesize these products using the same catalyst. Hence, the aim of the below study was to find a cheap and recyclable catalyst that would be able to drive the synthesis of all three products. Positively, piperazine supported on the polymeric sulfonic acid resin Amberlyst® 15 was found to be an inexpensive and easily-prepared novel catalyst that could be used to synthesize all three derivatives (33 examples, 18–82%) in fairly good yields whilst also being recyclable and reusable (for up to four or five runs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welcome to Tetrahedron Green Chem","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullahi Adamu, Fernando Russo Abegão, Kamelia Boodhoo
{"title":"Solvent-free synthesis of nanostructured TiO2 in a continuous flow spinning disc reactor for application to photocatalytic reduction of CO2","authors":"Abdullahi Adamu, Fernando Russo Abegão, Kamelia Boodhoo","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were synthesised via the sol-gel method using solvent-free titanium (IV) <em>n</em>-butoxide and acidified water at pH 1 in a continuous flow spinning disc reactor (SDR). The influence of disc rotational speed, total flow rate of the reagents, and molar hydrolysis ratio (molar ratio of the acidified water to the titanium (IV) <em>n</em>-butoxide) on the particle size, phase distribution, band gap energy and photocatalytic activity for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction was studied. Increasing the disc rotational speed from 400 rpm to 1400 rpm results in highly sheared, uniformly mixed thin films where small particles (up to ca. 40 nm mean diameter) with narrow particle size distribution (polydispersity index of up to 0.5) are formed even at the lower molar hydrolysis ratio of 113. Increasing the molar hydrolysis ratio from 113 to 301 favours anatase phase transformation to rutile phase, thus improving photocatalytic activity. Larger TiO<sub>2</sub> particles from the SDR are associated with an increase in their band gap energy whilst doping with copper narrows the band gap energy from 3.00 eV down to 2.53 eV.</p><p>The photocatalytic performance of the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was evaluated for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in the form of bicarbonate ions using a meso-structured photocatalytic reactor at a TiO<sub>2</sub> loading of 0.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> and flow rate of 4 mL min<sup>-1</sup>. A formate production rate of 500 μmol g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> h<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> is achieved after 2 h of irradiation (λ = 254 nm) on a bare TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, with no apparent trend observed with SDR operating conditions used in the production of the nanoparticles. However, for copper-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>, there is a clear correlation between the anatase to rutile ratio and formate production rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Graziano , Debora Cannillo , Mauro Spennacchio , Pantaleo Musci , Luisa Pisano , Michael Andresini , Marco Colella
{"title":"A sustainable and chemoselective continuous flow hydrogenation of functionalized 2-azetines to azetidines","authors":"Elena Graziano , Debora Cannillo , Mauro Spennacchio , Pantaleo Musci , Luisa Pisano , Michael Andresini , Marco Colella","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis of functionalized azetidines from azetines is poorly explored. Here, we report the safe and sustainable continuous flow hydrogenation of 2-azetines using ethyl acetate and CPME as environmentally responsible solvents. The chemoselective saturation of the endocyclic double bond of 2-azetines bearing additional functional groups sensitive to hydrogenation has been additionally disclosed. Moreover, the protocol has been successfully combined with the continuous flow preparation of the substrates, accessing to a bio-relevant azetidine through a telescoped multistep approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile and efficient acylation of chitin in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Yusuke Egi, Jun-ichi Kadokawa","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates acylation of chitin in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as analogous solvents of ionic liquids (ILs), because we have already reported that such reaction smoothly progresses using acyl chlorides in the presence of pyridine/<em>N,N</em>-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) as base/catalyst in the IL, that dissolves chitin. In addition to a DES composed of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl) and thiourea (TUA) as hydrogen bond acceptor and donor (HBA and HBD), respectively, which we previously reported to dissolve chitin, several DESs were prepared from AMIMCl and different HBDs, that is, urea (UA), acetylthiourea (AcTUA), acetylurea (AcUA), and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG). These DESs were found to also dissolve chitin. Hexanoylation of chitin in the AMIMCl/TUA-DES under the same conditions, as those previously performed in the IL, i.e., using hexanoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine/DMAP at 100 °C for 24 h, gave the product with the low degree of substitution (DS). As this was speculated to be due to the high nucleophilicity of TUA, which had a potential to react with hexanoyl chloride, the other HBDs with lower nucleophilicity, mentioned above, were employed to be combined with AMIMCl in the DESs. When hexanoylation of chitin was carried out in the DESs composed of UA, AcTUA, AcUA, and TMG under the same conditions as above, the higher DS products were obtained. In particular, the reaction in the AMIMCl/TMG-DES efficiently occurred in the absence of pyridine/DMAP to produce the high DS product, probably owing to the high basicity and low nucleophilicity of TMG. The structure of the chitin hexanoate produced was evaluated by the IR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR measurements. Accordingly, acylation of chitin using various acyl chlorides was performed in the AMIMCl/TMG-DES under the conditions without the use of pyridine/DMAP to give the corresponding chitin acylates with the high DSs. This study achieves the facile and efficient acylation method of chitin in the DES.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valorization of biomass-derived furans over molecular catalysts","authors":"Ambikesh Dhar Dwivedi , Bhanu Priya , Ramkrishna Chinthala , Daya Shankar Pandey , Sanjay Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of effective methodologies for the sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has attracted immense attention from the scientific community. However, it is challenging due to the highly complex nature of biomass sources. Over the past few decades, numerous reports targeting various catalytic biomass transformation reactions highlighting the vital role of the catalysts in substrate activation and product selectivity have appeared in the literature. Through this perspective, we present recent advances in metal complexes-based molecular catalysis for transforming biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural (FAL) to various industrially important chemicals, materials, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. This article focuses on the catalytic transformation of 5-HMF and FAL involving hydrogenation, ring opening, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, and amination over molecular catalysts, to provide insights into the role of molecular catalytic systems explored in biomass transformation and allied areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mg–Al hydrotalcite-based catalysts for one-pot synthesis of quinoline derivatives","authors":"Ken Motokura","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This mini-review discusses Mg–Al hydrotalcite-based catalyst systems used for modified Friedländer quinoline synthesis. The metal-grafted Mg–Al hydrotalcites consist of both active metal species and base sites capable of advancing catalytic activity. The Ru-grafted catalysts are active for the oxidative dehydrogenation of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol to 2-aminobenzaldehyde, followed by the base-catalyzed condensation with ketones to 2-substituted quinolines. Fe-grafted Mg–Al hydrotalcites also act as heterogeneous catalysts for the one-pot synthesis at a slightly higher reaction temperature. For pure Mg–Al hydrotalcite, hydrogen transfer reactions occur to afford 2-aminobenzaldehyde intermediate with an alcohol, resulting in the consequent production of the corresponding quinolines. The reaction mechanism and substrate scope of each catalyst system are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neoteric chemical transformation involving gold based photocatalysis","authors":"Vishal Srivastava , Surabhi Sinha , Deepak Kumar , Praveen P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2023.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gold photocatalysis includes a diverse set of gold-catalyzed processes with essentially distinctive fundamental stages. When photocatalysis and gold catalysis are combined, then it results to change the valence of the gold centre by electron transfer and radical addition without the usage of exogenous oxidants that are stoichiometrically sacrificed. A number of significant organic transformations are made possible by radicals' exceptional compatibility with gold catalysts. The photocatalysis using gold complexes opens up new opportunities for gold chemistry and complements the existing photoredox catalysis techniques admirably. In this review, the achieved transformations for mononuclear gold(I) catalysts (both those with and without a photosensitizer) and dinuclear gold(I) photocatalysts are discussed with a number of fascinating techniques, as well as their significance for organic chemists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic solvent-free synthesis of sulfonyl hydrazides in water","authors":"Shizuki Noda, Shinji Tanimori","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2022.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2022.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An organic solvent-free synthesis of sulfonyl hydrazides has been achieved in water. The reactions of equimolar amount of sulfonyl chlorides and hydrazines afforded a series of substituted sulfonyl hydrazides at 60 °C for 1 h in water as a solvent in the presence of triethylamine when hydrazines are hydrochlorides. Moderate to good yields were observed for this transformation by the simple operation (46–93%). The reaction of amines, anilines, alcohol, and phenol have also been investigated in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}