Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献_第8页

Study of the difference between the assessment of bodily injury by insurance entities and by extrajudicial experts advice in Valladolid during the years 2021 and 2022. Presentation of a comparison methodology 研究 2021 年和 2022 年期间巴利亚多利德由保险机构和法外专家提供的人身伤害评估之间的差异。提出比较方法

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.005

Carmen Domínguez González, José Domingo Sánchez Pérez

{"title":"Study of the difference between the assessment of bodily injury by insurance entities and by extrajudicial experts advice in Valladolid during the years 2021 and 2022. Presentation of a comparison methodology","authors":"Carmen Domínguez González, José Domingo Sánchez Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>After the approval of Law 35/2015, the insurer is obliged to submit motivated offers in cases of traffic accidents and the possibility of requesting an extrajudicial expert advice from the Institutes of Legal Medicine in case of disagreement with the previous one.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this paper is to describe the differences between the motivated offers of insurers and the forensic reports of the 409 extrajudicial expert advice requested to the Institute of Legal Medicine in Valladolid from 2021–2022 and to propose a methodology for comparing.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>All extrajudicial expert advice data from 2021 to 2022 was obtained, analysing the days of personal injury and sequelae and translating them into compensation variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forensic reports are more favourable for traffic injuries in about 81% of cases, granting on average an amount of almost €1400 more. This difference is mainly due to a greater consideration of sequelae, as well as a higher proportion of days of moderate particular damage in the forensic report. However, this difference is more or less accentuated, depending on the company that makes the motivated offer.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Translating the data from the forensic reports and motivated offers to compensation variables, allows us to make a comparison of the differences between both reports, observing that the forensic reports are more favourable than those issued by the insurers, at least in the province studied, and more studies are needed to have a more complete view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical and legal aspects of Aesthetic Medicine's advertising in social media in Spain 西班牙社交媒体上美容医学广告的道德和法律问题

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.05.003

Miguel Antonio Lasheras-Pérez , Rodolfo David Palacios-Diaz , Begoña Martínez-Jarreta , Mercedes Rodríguez-Serna

引用次数: 0

Cholecystoduodenal fistula: An unusual finding at autopsy 胆囊十二指肠瘘：尸检中的异常发现

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.03.001

Roger W. Byard

引用次数: 0

The improvements in forensic toxicology and its role in the forensic process. The interpretation of results (II) 法医毒理学的改进及其在法医过程中的作用。结果的解释（二）

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.05.002

Maria Luisa Soria

{"title":"The improvements in forensic toxicology and its role in the forensic process. The interpretation of results (II)","authors":"Maria Luisa Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite progress in the development and validation of analytical methods. In the meantime, the challenges in interpretive forensic toxicology remain persistent, since it is no easy to establish a causal link between the concentration of a compound in biological samples and its impact on a real case. A proper interpretation of results is required to ascertain their relevance and to ensure that the investigator or jurist can make the most of the utility of the trace within the framework of the investigation or within the courtroom.</p><p>Because of their complexity and frequent presence at toxicology laboratories, in this article, we have focused our attention on the interpretation of results in drug-facilitated offences, in cases where hair samples are involved and in cases related with postmortem investigation. Following this review, the advances in analytical results interpretation in the selected cases, are being mainly conducted towards metabolic studies.</p><p>In cases of drug-facilitated crimes, it allows to extend the detection window and identify low concentration consumption markers for fast-clearing compounds. Regarding hair metabolomics analysis, recent studies can assist us to determine the deterioration caused by cosmetic treatments or to elucidate the difference between consumption and extern contamination, which are a well-known factor affecting the interpretation of hair analysis. Concerning postmortem results, progress is intended to ensure better reference data, to the study of drug-to-drug interactions as well as to the application of metabolomics and to the acknowledgment of the genetic variances related with drugs metabolism, location, and mechanism of action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"Pages 62-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of the information on gender-based violence. With contributions from artificial intelligence 处理性别暴力信息。人工智能的贡献

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.001

M. Eulàlia Trias Capella , Raquel Guardia Villalba , Ramon Trias Capella

{"title":"Treatment of the information on gender-based violence. With contributions from artificial intelligence","authors":"M. Eulàlia Trias Capella , Raquel Guardia Villalba , Ramon Trias Capella","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><p>Violence against women is still a serious social and health problem, despite the measures implemented in recent years. The examination of the victims by the forensic doctor in the courts is of great interest since it provides information related not only to the aggression, but also to their social, family, and economic environment. The objective is to use this information to identify groups at risk and improve/implement the necessary measures.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>In this work, the forensic has collected, for 8 years, abundant data on the victims examined in l'Hospitalet de Llobregat. The sample includes 1622 cases of women who have been victims of gender violence. A descriptive study of the population and of the lesions has been carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The paper presents the main variables studied, both socioeconomic and referring to the aggression itself. This study also analyzes the re-entry of the victims, the repetition of aggressions (revictimization), which are 10.9% of the sample. Finally, the results obtained after applying artificial intelligence techniques—in this case, CaRT classification trees—are presented.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the results obtained, we conclude that the treatment of the information collected and systematized from the medical–forensic intervention allows a better understanding of Violence Against Women, from which we can extract suggestions on the adoption of care and support measures for the victims and the most vulnerable groups, as well as administrative resources and the optimization of prevention programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The main novelties of the R.D. 888/2022, procedure for the recognition, declaration and qualification of the disability degree R.D.888/2022号法律的主要创新之处，残疾程度的承认、申报和资格认定程序

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.02.001

Andrés S. Santiago-Sáez

引用次数: 0

Homicide by combination of methods of asphyxiation 使用多种窒息方法杀人

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.004

Gustavo A. Breglia , Marcelo H. Uzal , Francisco J. Díaz

引用次数: 0

Histopathological findings in dissection and rupture of the thoracic aorta. Study of 54 autopsy cases 胸主动脉夹层和破裂的组织病理学发现。对 54 例尸检病例的研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002

Juan L. García-Pérez, Marta Martín-Gómez, M. Paz Suárez-Mier

{"title":"Histopathological findings in dissection and rupture of the thoracic aorta. Study of 54 autopsy cases","authors":"Juan L. García-Pérez, Marta Martín-Gómez, M. Paz Suárez-Mier","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Thoracic aortic dissection/rupture has a high mortality, constituting 3.9%–5.4% of sudden deaths (SD) in forensic series. Medial histopathological findings associated with these entities have received multiple terms and definitions. In 2016, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology published a consensus document, applied to surgical specimens, to unify criteria. The aim of this work is to assess its application in forensic autopsies. A secondary objective is to study inflammatory changes useful for dating.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Aortic histological preparations of the 54 cases of SD due to aortic rupture/dissection studied between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Medial degeneration was observed in 49 cases (90.8%) (severe in 42.9%). By lesions, the order of frequency was: fragmentation and/or loss of elastic fibres (74.1%), accumulation of extracellular mucoid matrix (61.1%), loss of </span>smooth muscle cell<span> nuclei (48.1%), and collapse of the media (44.4%). Some lesions of the consensus paper could not be assessed. No significant differences were found by age; presence or not of collagenopathies; or bi/tricuspid aortic valves. Granulation tissue or neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in those deceased with pain several days or <24 h before death, respectively.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With the application of the document, lesions in the media are found in >90% of cases and fundamental lesions can be studied. The inflammatory response to rupture/dissection appears to correlate with the timing of dissection/rupture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Forensic population study of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy in children and young people during the period 1991–2021 1991-2021年期间儿童和青少年癫痫不明原因猝死的法医人口研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003

Klaudia I. Bidaurrazaga , Joaquín Lucena , Benito Morentin

{"title":"Forensic population study of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy in children and young people during the period 1991–2021","authors":"Klaudia I. Bidaurrazaga , Joaquín Lucena , Benito Morentin","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of mortality in young epileptic patients. The objective of the work is to analyse its frequency and clinical–pathological characteristics as a cause of sudden death in epileptics under 35 years of age.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective population study of all SUDEP in people aged 1–35 years in Bizkaia (period 1991–2021) and Seville (2004–2021) investigated in the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS). In each case, a complete autopsy was carried out with histopathological and toxicological studies, and review of clinical and circumstantial data. Data from the Mortality Registry for deaths by epilepsy were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>101 deaths due to epilepsy were registered in the Mortality Registries and 46 SUDEP cases in the FPS, representing 6% of forensic sudden deaths in this age population. A high frequency of post-traumatic epilepsy cases (<em>n</em>  <span>5), brain abnormalities (</span><em>n</em>  =4) or mental retardation (<em>n</em>  <span>3) was observed. The toxicological analysis was positive in 75%, highlighting the presence of antiepileptic drugs (</span><em>n</em>  <span>26). Illegal drugs were detected in 5 young people, mainly cocaine (</span><em>n</em>  =63%) while sleeping.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SUDEP in children and young people is infrequent, however, it is an important cause of mortality in epileptics. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, it is recommended to strengthen the medical control of epilepsy in youth, mainly in patients with post-traumatic or post-surgical epilepsy or in those who have associated developmental disorders or mental retardation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017–2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder 2017-2022 年期间大加那利岛的自杀事件及其与精神障碍病史的关系

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004

Mercedes López de Lamela Suárez , Sara María Rivero Hernández , José Luis Hernández Fleta , Pedro Saavedra Santana , Enrique Zaragoza Pérez

{"title":"Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017–2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder","authors":"Mercedes López de Lamela Suárez , Sara María Rivero Hernández , José Luis Hernández Fleta , Pedro Saavedra Santana , Enrique Zaragoza Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the relationship between suicidal behaviour and mental disorder, our aim is to determine the number of people who received care by the Mental Health Network among the total number of suicides consummated between 2017 and 2022 in Gran Canaria, as well as the characteristics of that population and the care received.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Longitudinal observational retrospective study in which the study population was extracted from the total number of suicides in the database of the Legal Medicine<span> Institute. Subsequently, the data were cross-checked by the Mental Health Network databases. Finally, a univariate statistical analysis was carried out and the results were compared according to sex and care in the Community Mental Health Unit.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only 39.4% had received care at the Mental Health Unit, the majority being women (55.3% vs. 34.6%), with a mean age of 50.9 years for both sexes. History of previous attempts was much more frequent in the population receiving care (45.4% vs. 7%), as well as emergency care (42% vs. 5.7%) and hospital admissions (25.3% vs. 0.7%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Less than half of the deceased persons had contact with a Community Mental Health Unit. In addition, care by this unit was higher among those with previous attempts and among the female sex, with the most frequent diagnosis being monopolar affective disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0