Solar Compass最新文献

{"title":"Mathematical modeling and optical-thermal analysis of a novel solar beam down parabolic dish concentrator","authors":"Dev Banitia ,&nbsp;Siddharth Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Satya Sekhar Bhogilla ,&nbsp;P.K. Vijayan","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the mathematical modeling and optical-thermal analysis of an innovative solar beam-down parabolic dish concentrating (BD-PDC) collector. This study aims to develop a novel design that addresses key challenges such as heat transfer losses and extensive structural requirements inherent in traditional concentrated solar power systems. The innovative BD-PDC system integrates a secondary hyperbolic reflector with a primary parabolic dish collector, directing concentrated solar radiation towards a receiver at ground level. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed and analyzed to assess the optical and thermal performance of the proposed system. The research utilizes the Monte Carlo ray-tracing methodology for optical analysis to optimize various system components and create a prototype. Furthermore, to evaluate the performance of the BD-PDC system under real-world conditions, this study incorporates direct normal irradiance (DNI) data from Jodhpur, India. The diurnal simulations indicate that the BD-PDC exhibits considerable effectiveness in harnessing and focusing solar radiation, yielding peak thermal efficiencies of 76.8 % while generating solar thermal power of 16.51 kWh per day. An assessment of system efficacy was conducted across various seasonal intervals, with peak performance noted during the winter season. This investigation provides critical insights into the design and development of BD-PDC-type solar concentrator systems, contributing to the advancement of more efficient and sustainable solar energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated photovoltaic applications: Technological advancements, case studies, economic viability, policy implications, and environmental impact","authors":"Onyekachi Nwafor","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated photovoltaic (PV) applications are at the forefront of sustainable energy innovation, merging energy generation with building materials, agriculture, transportation, and more. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of integrated PV systems, covering recent technological advancements in PV materials and efficiency, real-world case studies of building-integrated and dual-use PV projects, economic viability and market trends, policy and regulatory frameworks, and environmental impacts. We review breakthroughs such as high-efficiency multi-junction cells and perovskite solar cells, and examine building-integrated PV (BIPV) technologies that seamlessly incorporate solar modules into architecture. Through case studies across different regions and sectors, we highlight successes and challenges in deploying integrated PV—from solar facades on commercial buildings to agrivoltaic farms. A detailed economic analysis is presented, noting the dramatic decline in PV costs and the emerging business models and return on investment (ROI) for integrated systems. Policy implications are discussed, including government incentives, building codes, and renewable energy targets that influence PV integration. Environmental impact assessment shows significant carbon footprint reduction and sustainability benefits of PV integration throughout its lifecycle. The findings underscore that integrated PV systems not only advance renewable energy adoption but also provide multi-faceted benefits such as aesthetic integration, land-use efficiency, and greenhouse gas mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems under variable operating conditions","authors":"Ali Alkhafa ,&nbsp;Malik Ghazi Kadhim ,&nbsp;Faris A. alhaddad ,&nbsp;Aymen Saad","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid renewable electricity structures (HRES) offer a promising technique to address the intermittency of standalone renewable resources, but their overall performance under variable environmental situations remains tough. This study evaluates a solar-wind-battery hybrid gadget via Python-primarily based dynamic modeling, integrating real-global datasets for sun irradiance, wind velocity, temperature, and residential load profiles. The system's efficiency, reliability, and price had been analyzed underneath each ideal conditions (excessive irradiance, stable wind) and risky conditions (low irradiance, erratic wind). Results show sun dominates electricity production (62 % contribution) during best situations, even as wind supplements nighttime demand. Volatile situations substantially increase the Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) from 0.8 % to 12.4 % and elevate the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) by way of 64 %, highlighting essential sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. The 100-kWh battery reduces grid dependency but proves inadequate at some point of multi-day low-generation intervals, requiring capacity expansion. Sensitivity analysis exhibits a 20 % wind speed discount will increase LCOE by means of 36 %, demonstrating wind's disproportionate fee impact as compared to solar. While HRES drastically beautify reliability over single-source systems, they require optimized garage and different era to cope with intermittency. Future paintings should explore AI-driven predictive manipulate and inexperienced hydrogen integration to stabilize long-time period overall performance, presenting actionable insights for resilient hybrid device layout in climate-susceptible regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of agrivoltaic demonstration site studies with comparable configurations for a UK-based application","authors":"Matt Birchall,&nbsp;Shanza Neda Hussain,&nbsp;Aritra Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrivoltaics is a renewable energy technology which has undergone rapid growth and development over recent years. The dual-land-use solution is considered a sustainable approach to the competing interests of agriculture and energy production. There are a growing number of published studies researching this field, generating evidence of the additional microclimatic benefits of agrivoltaics in reducing heat stress, increasing soil moisture content and enhancing biodiversity. Through the use of a unique sifting process, ten comparable studies are reviewed and explored in relation to a UK adoption strategy for agrivoltaics, comprising <strong>published</strong> articles on similar <strong>climatic</strong> conditions, <strong>solar irradiance</strong>, and <strong>agricultural crops</strong>. Additionally, the benefits of <strong>microclimate</strong> and <strong>economic</strong> aspects have been discussed, highlighting the protection provided to the vegetation due to the presence of photovoltaics while creating a favourable condition locally by regulating the conditions under PV. A scoring matrix was devised to facilitate evaluation based on comprehensiveness of analysis and the quality of information presented, ensuring alignment with the selection criteria established in this study. This matrix serves as a systematic guideline for assessing relevant literature on the topic that suggests the best approach. Simultaneously, a dual income benefit for farmers while achieving the solar target for the county. This review provides an overview of the UK context. It offers insight into how an agrivoltaic future might be realised and recommends key parameters of ‘best practice’ which should be considered when designing a UK based agrivoltaic test study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIPV in India: Opportunities, challenges, and pathways for urban planning and smart cities","authors":"Kedar Mehta ,&nbsp;Ravita Lamba ,&nbsp;Sunanda Sinha ,&nbsp;Nand Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As India urbanizes rapidly, sustainable energy solutions have become a priority to meet rising energy demands and mitigate environmental impacts. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) offer a promising approach to harness solar energy within urban infrastructure, transforming buildings into renewable energy assets. Unlike conventional rooftop PV systems, BIPV maximizes urban space utilization while enhancing architectural aesthetics and energy efficiency. However, the adoption of BIPV in India remains limited due to factors such as regulatory barriers, lack of standardized designs, and high initial costs. This study uses SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Strengths) analyses to assess the potential, opportunities, and challenges of BIPV in India’s urban planning. It then discusses policy implications and offers practical recommendations for implementation in Indian cities. Key findings of this study indicate that BIPV adoption in India can significantly contribute to urban sustainability by reducing carbon emissions, improving energy self-sufficiency, and lowering long-term operational costs. The SWOT and TOWS analysis reveal that while BIPV presents opportunities for smart urban integration, challenges such as high initial investments and lack of awareness must be addressed through targeted policies and incentives. Additionally, global case studies highlight successful BIPV implementations, providing valuable lessons for India’s urban planning strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvesting sun amplified: A comprehensive review of agrivoltaics and floatovoltaics with a focus on India's potential","authors":"Acquilin Medonna,&nbsp;Aritra Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar photovoltaics (PV) represent a sustainable, eco-friendly, and rapidly expanding source of renewable energy (RE), with applications ranging from ground-mounted systems to rooftop installations. However, large-scale PV deployment faces key challenges such as high land acquisition costs, elevated panel temperatures, and dust accumulation, all of which can hinder economic viability and energy efficiency. In response, two innovative concept: Floatovoltaics (FPV) and Agrivoltaics (APV) are gaining global traction as integrated solutions to these limitations. FPV systems are installed on water bodies such as reservoirs, lakes, and canals, where the surrounding water provides a natural cooling effect, enhancing panel efficiency and reducing thermal stress. They also contribute to reduced water evaporation and minimal land use. Conversely, APV systems combine agricultural activity with solar energy generation on the same plot of land. This dual-use approach not only improves land-use efficiency but can also create a cooler microclimate that benefits crop productivity. Both systems also exhibit significantly lower soiling rates compared to conventional ground-mounted PV.</div><div>This review presents a comprehensive analysis of FPV and APV technologies, with a specific focus on their potential deployment in India, a country with an estimated solar potential of 748 GWp and mounting pressures on land and food systems. The paper assesses suitable PV technologies, microclimatic impacts, environmental benefits, and economic outcomes associated with these systems. It further evaluates their scalability, investment requirements, and current barriers to implementation. Ultimately, the study highlights how FPV and APV can play a complementary and transformative role in India’s renewable energy roadmap, addressing the dual challenges of clean energy generation and sustainable land use. By tapping into underutilized water surfaces and agricultural landscapes, these systems offer promising pathways for balancing energy, food, and ecological needs in the face of climate change and population growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of leakage current on the performance of a pc-Si PV cell using a 3-D model","authors":"Ramatou Saré ,&nbsp;Edward Dodzi Amekah ,&nbsp;Mamoudou Saria ,&nbsp;Idrissa Sourabié ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Wendsongré Ramdé ,&nbsp;Martial Zoungrana ,&nbsp;Issa Zerbo","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effect of electron losses on the performance of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic (pc-Si PV) cells using a three-dimensional (3D) approach. Aging and degradation are identified as the primary causes of these losses, quantified by the intrinsic junction recombination velocity (Sf₀). The analysis focuses on the p-n junction, where carrier losses significantly influence key performance metrics such as power conversion efficiency (PCE) and shunt resistance (R_sh). Simulation results indicate that as Sf₀ increases from 0 to a threshold of 1.790 × 10⁴ cm/s, the PCE and R_sh decrease by approximately 20 % and 32 %, respectively. The study further demonstrates that a reduction in R_sh from 1272.20 Ω.cm² to 5.48 Ω.cm² significantly increases the shunt current density, rising from 0 mA/cm² to 53.59 mA/cm², indicating elevated leakage currents. This work highlights the critical role of electron losses in determining the efficiency and stability of pc-Si PV cells. By employing a 3-D approach, the study provides valuable intuition into degradation mechanisms and suggests pathways for improving PV cell performance and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on LiCl-KCOOH blend for enhancing hybrid liquid desiccant–vapour compression system performance","authors":"Kashish Kumar ,&nbsp;Gurubalan Annadurai ,&nbsp;Alok Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional vapour compression system (VCS) consumes a substantial amount of energy to maintain human thermal comfort, while its inability to control humidity precisely has led to the exploration of alternative cooling technologies. Among all alternative cooling technologies, the liquid desiccant system (LDS) has gained attention as an energy-efficient and sustainable solution offering precise humidity control. The performance of LDS is strongly influenced by the desiccant type, with desiccant blends demonstrating superior moisture absorption compared to single desiccants. Among these, a blend of lithium chloride (LiCl) and potassium formate (KCOOH) shows promising dehumidification performance with reduced corrosion potential, yet remains underexplored. This study investigates the optimal blend ratio of LiCl-KCOOH through experimental analysis within a hybrid liquid desiccant vapour compression (LDVC) system. The research compares the dehumidification performance of this blend against a pure LiCl solution, employing an optimal mixture design technique to develop empirical correlations for key performance parameters. These correlations were validated using analysis of variation (ANOVA) analysis. The influence of the liquid-to-gas (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span>) ratio on dehumidifier performance and the economic feasibility of the desiccant blend were also examined. Results reveal that the optimal blend comprises 37 % LiCl and 18 % KCOOH, enhancing the moisture removal rate (<span><math><mover><mtext>MRR</mtext><mi>˙</mi></mover></math></span>) and dehumidification effectiveness (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mtext>DEH</mtext></msub></math></span>) by approximately 12.3 % and 10.5 %, respectively, under hot and humid conditions. The primary contribution of this paper is the identification of the optimal desiccant blend composition of LiCl-KCOOH and the development of empirical models to evaluate the dehumidification performance of a hybrid LDVC system using this blend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in solar-driven adsorption and humidification-dehumidification based hybrid desalination system: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Manish Sonkar,&nbsp;Yojitha Kanathala,&nbsp;B. Kiran Naik","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater scarcity is a growing global challenge, emphasizing the need for advanced and sustainable desalination technologies. Adsorption desalination (ADS) and solar thermal humidification-dehumidification (HDH) systems are emerging as efficient, eco-friendly solutions. ADS utilizes low-grade thermal energy, operates with zero brine discharge, and has a water recovery ratio exceeding 80 %. Recent advancements in ADS include metal-organic frameworks such as composite adsorbents, which exhibit adsorption uptakes and significantly enhance performance compared to adsorbents. Raw silica gel (SG) and sodium polyacrylate (SP) are adsorbents, and SG/CaCl₂ and SP/CaCl₂ are composite adsorbent materials. Research indicates that composite adsorbents, such as SG/CaCl₂ and SP/CaCl₂, achieve the maximum specific cooling power, measured at 498.7 W/kg and 310 W/kg, respectively, compared to traditional raw or composite adsorbents in solar adsorption desalination systems. Employing raw silica gel within an ejector-integrated hybrid desalination system featuring heat recovery results in notable performance, including a gained output ratio of 2.76 and a specific daily water production (SDWP) of 83.1 m³/ton/day during June. Heat and mass recovery methods, such as pressure equalization and dual-stage evaporator-condenser configurations, have improved SDWP to ∼16 m³/ton/day and coefficient of performance (COP) to ∼0.87, reducing energy requirement. Results also reveal that with SP adsorbents, the hybrid system with heat recovery powered by solar energy (SE) and waste heat (WH) provides the cheapest desalinated water production costs (1.1 $/m³ for SE and 0.4 $/m³ for WH) among all systems. Solar thermal HDH systems are particularly effective for small-to-medium scale applications. Packing materials such as polypropylene and porous plastic balls in humidifiers and fin-tube heat exchangers in dehumidifiers enhances performance. Solar water heaters outperform air heaters due to water’s higher specific heat capacity, with optimized operating conditions achieving maximum efficiency. The freshwater production cost for a hybrid system (ADS+HDH based) using solar energy ranges between 1.4 and 2.24 ($/m³). This study integrates numerical insights from ADS and HDH systems, highlighting advancements in SDWP, COP, and cost efficiency. Future research should optimize adsorbent designs, reduce heat and mass transfer resistances, and develop low-regeneration temperature materials for sustainable and cost-effective freshwater production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistivity of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell to the electromagnetic field effects","authors":"Adama Ouedraogo ,&nbsp;Rodrigue Noaga Sawadogo ,&nbsp;Boureima Dianda ,&nbsp;Mahamadi Savadogo ,&nbsp;Boubacar Soro ,&nbsp;Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice Ky ,&nbsp;Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo ,&nbsp;Sié Kam","doi":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This present paper studies a crystalline silicon PV cell’s resistance to electromagnetic field (EMF) effects. This study identifies an optimal doping range for silicon PV cells, enhancing their resistance to EMF damage. After solving key equations, we analyzed the cell’s electrical parameters and energy processes. The current slightly drops as the dopant level (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) increases from <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>14</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Meanwhile, the voltage rises sharply. Beyond <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, the current plummets, while the voltage sees a slight increase. This behavior indicates the best EMF resistance occurs at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, aligning with the peak electric power at this doping level. The thermalization mechanism is not affected by the EMF and doping rate. However, the analyses of the thermodynamic process behavior and fill factor on the one hand. Conversely, the absorption mechanism reveals peak resistance to the EMF at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Thus, doping with boron enhances the electromagnetic resistivity of crystalline silicon PV cells. This also improves control over Light-Induced Degradation (LID).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101173,"journal":{"name":"Solar Compass","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}