Science Talks最新文献_第6页

Weight status and gender modulate distraction-induced effects on chemosensory perception 体重状况和性别会调节分心对化学感知的影响

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100441

Iryna Ruda , Jessica Freiherr

{"title":"Weight status and gender modulate distraction-induced effects on chemosensory perception","authors":"Iryna Ruda , Jessica Freiherr","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's fast-paced world, consuming food while engaging in other activities has become common. Importantly, such distracted eating is associated with increased food intake and rising body weight (Robinson et al., 2013; Van Meer et al., 2022). In this talk, we summarize findings from our studies exploring how cognitive distraction influences taste and odor perception — with a focus on intensity and pleasantness perception — and whether these effects vary by weight status and gender (Ruda et al., 2024a; Ruda et al., 2024b).</div><div>Fifty-nine participants formed two study groups — normal-weight (mean BMI = 22.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, range 19.5–24.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and overweight/obese (mean BMI = 30.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, range 25–39 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Participants played a Tetris game while evaluating taste and smell stimuli delivered automatically during the trials.</div><div>Our findings indicate that distraction reduced taste intensity perception, particularly in individuals from the overweight/obese group. In contrast to our prior findings, odor intensity perception did not decrease (Hoffmann-Hensel et al., 2017; Schadll et al., 2021). The pleasantness of both taste and odor declined under distraction, an effect most evident in normal-weight participants and particularly pronounced in males.</div><div>We hypothesize that this reduction in pleasantness might have a dual effect on eating behavior: it could decrease the perception of palatability of foods, acting as a control against overeating, or conversely, trigger a compensatory drive for more rewarding foods, potentially increasing intake during distraction. These two opposing mechanisms remain to be tested empirically. Our findings highlight the role of chemosensory perception in developing targeted interventions to curb overeating and manage obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An introduction to the unitary patent system 单一专利制度简介

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100447

Massimo Barbieri , Domenico Golzio

{"title":"An introduction to the unitary patent system","authors":"Massimo Barbieri , Domenico Golzio","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this video presentation is to provide an overview of the unitary patent system in terms of filing strategies, searching for information and statistical analysis of data.</div><div>A patent is a legal and technical document that claims a new and inventive solution to a technical problem and is granted by a patent authority.</div><div>A new patent system, the Unitary Patent, has been created in Europe. Based on the classic European patent system, this new system has been designed with the objective of resolving the fragmentation that occurs in the post-grant phase, reducing costs and complexity for users. Furthermore, the creation of the Unified Patent Court provides a solution to the litigation system, offering a cost-effective option for users of the patent system seeking patent protection and dispute settlement across Europe.</div><div>The unitary effect is feasible for all Member States that are engaged in enhanced cooperation and for which the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) has been ratified on the date of registration of the unitary effect.</div><div>On September 1, 2024, Romania became the eighteenth member state of the European Union to adopt the Unitary Patent System, having ratified the UCPA. The Agreement has been signed by Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, and Slovakia but not yet ratified.</div><div>It is possible that they may ratify it at any time. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the EU Member States of Croatia, Poland and Spain, which have not yet signed the UPCA, retain the option to accede to it at any time. The ratification and accession of the Agreement will result in the advent of a new generation of Unitary Patents, given that the territorial scope is not retroactive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polynomial eigenvalue decomposition for eigenvalues with unmajorised ground truth – Reconstructing analytic dinosaurs 无主真特征值的多项式特征值分解——解析恐龙的重构

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100437

Sebastian J. Schlecht , Stephan Weiss

引用次数: 0

Effects of diets using fruit and vegetables by-products and fishmeal, on the proximate and fatty acid composition of edible insect powder 果蔬副产物和鱼粉对食用昆虫粉脂肪酸和脂肪酸组成的影响

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100463

João Reis , Margarida Oliveira , Ana Neves , Marta Abreu , Rafaela Andrade , Cristina Ramos , Cristina Roseiro , Ana Partidário , Manuela Vida , Gonçalo Costa , Raphael Lucas , Nuno Alvarenga , Igor Dias

{"title":"Effects of diets using fruit and vegetables by-products and fishmeal, on the proximate and fatty acid composition of edible insect powder","authors":"João Reis , Margarida Oliveira , Ana Neves , Marta Abreu , Rafaela Andrade , Cristina Ramos , Cristina Roseiro , Ana Partidário , Manuela Vida , Gonçalo Costa , Raphael Lucas , Nuno Alvarenga , Igor Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>SPIN-Sustainable Protein</em> project, funded by RRF, aims to explore sustainable protein production from alternate sources and incorporate them into the Mediterranean Diet. One such source are insects, appealing for their potential to eat food byproducts. The insect model is the common house cricket, <em>Acheta domesticus</em>. Since the insect's diet can determine the product's characteristics, this study tested two feed formulations: 1) chicken feed and vegetable byproducts (50:50); 2) fishmeal from <em>Silurus glanis</em>, vegetable byproducts and chicken feed (25:53:22). After 55-day growth period, the crickets were processed and analysed (proximate composition, microbiologically and lipid content). Formulation 1 resulted in 64 % protein, 14 % lipids, 9 % fibre, 4 % water, 4 % ashes and 4 % hydrocarbons, while formulation 2 resulted in 68 % protein, 14 % lipids, 9 % fibre, 3 % water, 5 % ashes and 1 % hydrocarbons. Lipids were mainly linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. Microbiologically, both samples meet the EU requirements and microbial safety indicators, except for the presence of <em>Enterococcus</em> and sulphite-reducing <em>Clostridia</em> in formulation 2's powder, requiring a heating step when used. Due to the use of fishmeal, the second formulation produced a cricket powder richer in protein and with a distinct lipid profile.</div><div>This study contributes to sustainable development goals 2, 12 and 13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable analytic eigenvalue extraction from a parahermitian matrix 从parparhertian矩阵中提取可伸缩解析特征值

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100434

Faizan A. Khattak, Ian K. Proudler, Stephan Weiss

引用次数: 0

Digital twin-based decision support systems for natural disaster management: A systematic review of current trends and approaches 基于数字孪生的自然灾害管理决策支持系统：对当前趋势和方法的系统回顾

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100406

Solomon Inyang, Firouzeh Rosa Taghikhah

{"title":"Digital twin-based decision support systems for natural disaster management: A systematic review of current trends and approaches","authors":"Solomon Inyang, Firouzeh Rosa Taghikhah","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased urbanization and extreme climate events in recent years have led to a rise in the frequency and severity of widespread natural disasters. The disaster management cycle is a common framework that helps emergency management organizations develop procedures that can minimize the devastating impacts of natural disasters. Recently, researchers have begun to explore how big data and artificial intelligence can be used to develop virtual digital twin (DT) models of disaster situations that provide real-time decision support for each phase of the disaster management cycle. This study presents a systematic literature review of the burgeoning research area of DT-based decision support systems for disaster management. We identify the various locations and disaster types featured in DT case studies, the data collection techniques and computational methods utilized to create virtual representations of disaster-affected areas, and the decision-making tasks that DTs have been applied to. Based on our findings, we highlight several research gaps in the current literature and provide a set of recommendations that can serve as guidelines for future studies. Overall, this review provides researchers and practitioners with insights into the current trends and future research directions for DT-based decision support systems for natural disaster management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lessepsian migration in the Mediterranean Sea in an era of climate change: Plague or boon? 气候变化时代地中海的小塞普西亚移民：瘟疫还是福音？

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100412

Stelios Katsanevakis , Athanasios Nikolaou , Konstantinos Tsirintanis , Gil Rilov

{"title":"Lessepsian migration in the Mediterranean Sea in an era of climate change: Plague or boon?","authors":"Stelios Katsanevakis , Athanasios Nikolaou , Konstantinos Tsirintanis , Gil Rilov","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eastern Mediterranean Sea has suffered severe impacts from climate change, causing the decline of native biodiversity. Based on a global systematic review, we found that climate change has been the main driver of local extinctions globally since the 1990s; the eastern Mediterranean is flagged as an extinction hotspot. This region is also a bioinvasions hotspot with ca 1000 reported alien species, most thermophilic, introduced through the Suez Canal (Lessepsian migrants). Although Lessepsian species have been considered a plague for native biodiversity, their positive impacts are increasingly acknowledged. In a land-locked basin like the Mediterranean Sea, where species range shifts from lower latitudes are impossible, the Suez Canal acts as an artificial climatic corridor. Without Lessepsian species, the climate-driven loss of native biodiversity in the eastern Mediterranean would have led to the loss of ecological functions and services with devastating consequences for coastal communities. In that sense, Lessepsian species are considered a boon for fisheries and other ecosystem services. Hence, the ‘alien-bad, native-good’ notion in an era of global change is misleading. In the eastern Mediterranean Sea, a realistic conservation strategy is to focus on the protection of ecosystem functioning instead of the protection of native biodiversity, which will decline anyway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitigating subpopulation bias for fair graph learning 减轻公平图学习的亚总体偏差

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100435

Madeline Navarro , Samuel Rey , Andrei Buciulea , Santiago Segarra , Antonio Garcia Marques

引用次数: 0

The most appropriate method to obtain Euler’s F =ma (1776) from Principia’s Second Law (1686): A historical analysis 从《原理》第二定律（1686）得到欧拉F =ma（1776）的最合适方法：历史分析

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100410

Ajay Sharma

{"title":"The most appropriate method to obtain Euler’s F =ma (1776) from Principia’s Second Law (1686): A historical analysis","authors":"Ajay Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Newton initiated physics, wrote various laws in the Principia in 1686, and explained phenomena with geometrical methods. Newton did not give any quantitative measure of force for Principia’s Second Law (PSL) even by geometrical methods, further did not write F =ma due to conceptual limitations. Euler gave F =ma in 1776 in various stages (F =ma/n in 1736, F =2ma in 1749,1752, F =ma/2 g in 1765). Then succeeding scientists tried to obtain Euler’s F =ma from PSL by two methods. Firstly, the definition of the second law is arbitrarily changed in standard textbooks, and the secondly change in motion was expressed in different ways. However, both existing methods are inconsistent. Thus, to obtain F =ma logically, the PSL is purposely altered (PSL-Altered) i.e. <em>the rate of change of momentum is equal to the impressed force</em>. This method has two advantages. Firstly, the definition of PSL is not randomly changed in textbooks; secondly, ‘change in motion’ is not assumed to have different values that are dimensionally inconsistent. As Euler’s F =ma is obtained from PSL, thus both Newton and Euler get due credits. Euler’s F =ma is logically obtained from Newton’s PSL-Altered; it indicates the far-reaching importance of PSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards the next generation of trustable, efficient and sustainable text-to-audio generative models 迈向下一代可靠、高效和可持续的文本到音频生成模型

Science Talks Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100419

Francesca Ronchini

{"title":"Towards the next generation of trustable, efficient and sustainable text-to-audio generative models","authors":"Francesca Ronchini","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Text-to-Audio (TTA) models are deep learning generative systems that generate audio samples from textual descriptions given as input to the models. The goal of this research is to leverage the opportunities of TTA models and advance them to address key challenges. Regarding opportunities, we proposed studies to investigate how these models can be easily integrated into music production practices as user-friendly sketching tools for audio samples, democratizing access to music creation without the need for sample libraries or instruments. They also offer significant potential for research and innovation. Deep learning models require large amounts of data to achieve good performance, but gathering data can be challenging. We demonstrated that by generating desired audio content through natural language, these models provide valuable training data for audio applications where data are not always massively available. However, several important challenges arise with these models, such as the rightful attribution of copyrighted data, the generation of deepfake content, and energy consumption, as shown in our studies. Through this comprehensive investigation, we aim to advance text-to-audio generative models by aligning their development with the needs of end users and society. Achieving this requires combining machine learning techniques with principles of ethics, sustainability, and trustworthiness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0