Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid machine learning-enabled multivariate bridge-specific seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment of UHPC bridges","authors":"Tadesse G. Wakjira ,&nbsp;M. Shahria Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment is essential for ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) bridges, given their distinctive mechanical and structural properties. However, existing single-parameter-based probabilistic seismic demand (PSD) models overlook critical bridge‐specific characteristics and uncertainties. Besides, studies on seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment of UHPC bridges are scarce. Thus, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning (ML)-enabled multivariate bridge-specific seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment framework for UHPC bridges. Key design parameters and associated uncertainties are identified, and a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique is employed to establish a representative UHPC bridge database, which is used to develop a hybrid ML model-based multivariate PSD model. A comparative analysis with the conventional PSD model, as well as widely used ML algorithms, demonstrated that the proposed PSD model achieves the highest predictive performance, characterized by the highest coefficient of determination and lowest prediction errors. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis is used to investigate the effect of different parameters on the PSD of UHPC bridges. The results of SHAP show the peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the most important factor, followed by bridge span and column diameter. The hybrid ML-enabled multi-variate bridge-specific fragility analysis results are used to investigate the functionality recovery and resilience of the bridge, which demonstrate the reduction in the residual functionality and overall bridge resilience with the increase in the ground motion intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing urban resilience with modular construction: An integrated sustainability assessment framework","authors":"Mohammad Kamali ,&nbsp;Kasun Hewage ,&nbsp;Anber Rana ,&nbsp;Shahria Alam ,&nbsp;Rehan Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure, it is crucial to adopt best practices. Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience, construction times, resource efficiency, and sustainability. However, the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits. This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes. Criteria and indicator development and calculation, benchmark scale establishment, quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys, and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework. The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region, Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors. The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0, respectively and fell into higher performance range. The proposed framework offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability, providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability. This research, which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making, helps the construction industry and, municipalities, governments, and policymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 46-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of testbed characteristics on community resilience using agent-based modeling","authors":"Xu Han ,&nbsp;Maria Koliou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a large increase in the number of days per year with numerous EF1-EF5 tornadoes. Given the significant damage incurred by tornadoes upon communities, community resilience analyses for tornado-stricken communities have been gaining momentum. As the community resilience analysis aims to guide how to lay out effective hazard mitigation strategies to decrease damage and improve recovery, a comprehensive and accurate approach is necessary. Agent-based modeling, an analysis approach in which different types of agents are created with their properties and behavior clearly defined to simulate the processes of those agents in an external environment, is the most comprehensive and accurate approach so far to conducting community resilience simulations and investigating the decision-making for mitigation and recovery under natural hazards. In this paper, agent-based models (ABMs) are created to simulate the recovery process of a virtual testbed based on the real-world community in Joplin City, MO. The tornado path associated with the real-world tornado event that occurred in May 2011 is adopted in the tornado hazard modeling for the Joplin testbed. In addition, agent-based models are created for another virtual community in the Midwest United States named Centerville using an assumed tornado scenario of the same EF-scale as that in Joplin. The effects of hazard mitigation strategies on the two communities are also explored. A comparison between the analysis results of these two testbeds can indicate the influence of the characteristics of a tornado-prone community on the resilience of the community as well as on the effects of hazard mitigation strategies. It is observed that a community's level of development significantly impacts the tornado resilience. In addition, the effects of a specific type of hazard mitigation strategy on the recovery process are contingent upon testbed characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 69-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance evaluation of mass timber buildings equipped with resilient and conventional friction devices","authors":"Ashkan Hashemi,&nbsp;Rajnil Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of mass timber elements in different structures has gained publicity over the last few years, primarily due to climate change adaptation policies and net zero carbon targets. Timber is a renewable construction material that can outperform other building materials regarding environmental impact. However, when used in seismically active regions, its application has been limited due to the uncertainties on their seismic behaviour in respect with different design standards and limited ductility in conventional connections. Conventional timber connections typically suffer from stiffness and strength degradation under cyclic loads. Their repairability is also low due to permanent damage in the fasteners and the associated crushing in the wood fibres. The use of friction connections can be an efficient way to mitigate these issues. They offer many advantages as they are economical and yet provide a high level of reliable and continuous energy dissipation. In recent years, a new generation of friction connections has been developed that can provide self-centring behaviour (i.e., the ability of the structure to return to its original position at the end of an earthquake). However, how these connections perform compared to a mass timber system with conventional timber connections is still unknown.</div><div>Several studies in the literature have suggested that these connections can enhance the performance of mass timber structures. However, the seismic performance of such systems specifically in terms of base shear, response drifts and response accelerations—has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper examines various design aspects of conventional friction connections and self-centring friction connections, providing insights into their differences concerning key seismic performance indicators. It compares the seismic performance of mass timber buildings equipped with both solutions, highlighting their advantages and limitations and drawing conclusions based on the results. The key findings are that friction connections can provides a superior seismic performance for timber structures. However, that may need to be combined with a parallel system avoid residual displacements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system for bridges under pulse-like near-fault earthquakes","authors":"Sasa Cao ,&nbsp;Osman E. Ozbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a coin is tossed to a gravity well, it will spiral instead of falling directly to the center. Inspired by this phenomenon, a gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system (GW-DFPS) is developed to extend the length of sliding trajectories of bridge superstructures during pulse-like near-fault earthquakes. As a result, a greater amount of energy will be dissipated due to the frictional sliding of the isolators. The GW-DFPS consists of a spherical surface and an outer surface described by a 1/<em>x</em> or logarithmic function to build gravity well. Full-scale isolators were fabricated and their response was characterized considering various parameters such as the friction material of slider, surface roughness of sliding surfaces, and applied vertical loads. Additionally, a finite element model of the isolator was created using the experimental test data. Numerical simulations were performed on a case-study bridge structure isolated using both a conventional DFPS system and the proposed GW-DFPS systems. The experimental results reveal that the proposed isolators exhibit stable response under vertical loads varying from 200 kN to 1000 kN with a negative stiffness response when the isolator slides at the outer sliding surface. The numerical simulations of the selected bridge structure demonstrate that the GW-DFPS significantly extends the sliding trajectory lengths of the superstructure during half of the earthquake pulses, resulting in increased energy dissipation during this interval. The kinetic energies of the bridge isolated by GW-DFPS are consistently lower than those of the bridge isolated by the other two kinds of isolators, resulting lower shear forces on the bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 83-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin-based resilience evaluation and intelligent strategies of smart urban water distribution networks for emergency management","authors":"Hongyan Dui ,&nbsp;Taiyu Cao ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilient smart urban water distribution networks are essential to ensure smooth urban operation and maintain daily water services. However, the dynamics and complexity of smart water distribution networks make its resilience study face many challenges. The introduction of digital twin technology provides an innovative solution for the resilience study of smart water distribution networks, which can more effectively support the network's real-time monitoring and intelligent control. This paper proposes a digital twin architecture of smart water distribution networks, laying the foundation for the resilience assessment of water distribution networks. Based on this, a performance evaluation model based on user satisfaction is proposed, which can more intuitively and effectively reflect the performance of urban water supply services. Meanwhile, we propose a method to quantify the importance of water distribution pipes' residual resilience, considering the time value to optimize the recovery sequence of failed pipes and develop targeted preventive maintenance strategies. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper applies it to a water distribution network. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the resilience and enhance the overall resilience of smart urban water distribution networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and reliability assessment of fire resistance of glue laminated timber beams","authors":"Satheeskumar Navaratnam ,&nbsp;Thisari Munmulla ,&nbsp;Pathmanthan Rajeev ,&nbsp;Thusiyanthan Ponnampalam ,&nbsp;Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glue-laminated timber (GLT) is an engineered wood product widely used in mass timber construction for its strong structural and fire-resistant properties. However, the fire performance of GLT varies significantly due to the natural and uncertain phenomena (moisture, exposure time, isotropic, homogenous properties, etc.) of fire and timber. This makes it difficult to predict the fire behaviour of the GLT structural elements. To ensure building safety, it is crucial to assess GLT's fire behaviour and post-fire structural integrity during the design stages. This study conducted the experimental tests of GLT beams (280 mm × 560 mm) without loading (1.4 m) and under a four-point bending load (5.4 m). Tests identified thermal behaviour and charring rates of GLT beam. Then, the residual stiffness of the GLT beam was calculated, and the charring rates of the beams were compared with Australian and European standards. Reliability analysis was conducted for beams for a fire exposure of 120 min, considering the charring rates observed through the analysis and simulating the fire insulations. Results show that the charring rate of GLT made with spruce pine timber varied between 0.43 and 0.81 mm/min, with a mean rate of 0.7 mm/min, aligning with both Australian and European standards. However, considering timber density and moisture content, the charring rates in Australian standards were conservative. The study also found that structural capacity significantly degrades under fire, with a 22 % reduction in flexural stiffness after 120 min of exposure. Additionally, GLT beams can safely function for 30 min under 75 % of their design moment capacity and for 60 min under 50 % capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated decision-making approach to resilience–LCC Bridge network retrofitting using a genetic algorithm-based framework","authors":"Pedram Omidian ,&nbsp;Naser Khaji ,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Aghakouchak","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridge networks are essential components of civil infrastructure, supporting communities by delivering vital services and facilitating economic activities. However, bridges are vulnerable to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. To develop an effective disaster management strategy, it is critical to identify reliable, robust, and efficient indicators. In this regard, Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) and Resilience (R) serve as key indicators to assist decision-makers in selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction plans. This study proposes an innovative LCC–R optimization framework to identify the most optimal retrofit strategies for bridge networks facing hazardous events during their lifespan. The proposed framework employs both single- and multi-objective optimization techniques to identify retrofit strategies that maximize the R index while minimizing the LCC for the under-study bridge networks. The considered retrofit strategies include various options such as different materials (steel, CFRP, and GFRP), thicknesses, arrangements, and timing of retrofitting actions. The first step in the proposed framework involves constructing fragility curves by performing a series of nonlinear time-history incremental dynamic analyses for each case. In the subsequent step, the seismic resilience surfaces are calculated using the obtained fragility curves and assuming a recovery function. Next, the LCC is evaluated according to the proposed formulation for multiple seismic occurrences, which incorporates the effects of complete and incomplete repair actions resulting from previous multiple seismic events. For optimization purposes, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm efficiently identifies the Pareto front to represent the optimal set of solutions. The study presents the most effective retrofit strategies for an illustrative bridge network, providing a comprehensive discussion and insights into the resulting tactical approaches. The findings underscore that the methodologies employed lead to logical and actionable retrofit strategies, paving the way for enhanced resilience and cost-effectiveness in bridge network management against seismic hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 16-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic resilience design of prefabricated modular pressurized buildings","authors":"Zhiwu Ye ,&nbsp;Haifeng Bu ,&nbsp;Zhimao Liu ,&nbsp;Deng Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Min ,&nbsp;Hongbo Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China. The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient. To solve this problem, the small friction pendulum bearing (FPB) isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings. Firstly, a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings. The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model. Subsequently, according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings, a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes. Lastly, the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis. The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility, respectively. When adopting FPBs, the response of the structure is significantly reduced, and the seismic isolation effect is obvious. The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly. It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Meta databases of steel frame buildings for surrogate modelling and machine learning-based feature importance analysis” [Journal of Resilient Cities and Structures Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024) 20-43]","authors":"Delbaz Samadian ,&nbsp;Jawad Fayaz ,&nbsp;Imrose B. Muhit ,&nbsp;Annalisa Occhipinti ,&nbsp;Nashwan Dawood","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Page 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}