Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"The interdependent networked community resilience modeling environment (IN-CORE)","authors":"John W. van de Lindt ,&nbsp;Jamie Kruse ,&nbsp;Daniel T. Cox ,&nbsp;Paolo Gardoni ,&nbsp;Jong Sung Lee ,&nbsp;Jamie Padgett ,&nbsp;Therese P. McAllister ,&nbsp;Andre Barbosa ,&nbsp;Harvey Cutler ,&nbsp;Shannon Van Zandt ,&nbsp;Nathanael Rosenheim ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Navarro ,&nbsp;Elaina Sutley ,&nbsp;Sara Hamideh","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2015, the U.S National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) funded the Center of Excellence for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning (CoE), a fourteen university-based consortium of almost 100 collaborators, including faculty, students, post-doctoral scholars, and NIST researchers. This paper highlights the scientific theory behind the state-of-the-art cloud platform being developed by the CoE - the Interdisciplinary Networked Community Resilience Modeling Environment (IN-CORE). IN-CORE enables communities, consultants, and researchers to set up complex interdependent models of an entire community consisting of people, businesses, social institutions, buildings, transportation networks, water networks, and electric power networks and to predict their performance and recovery to hazard scenario events, including uncertainty propagation through the chained models. The modeling environment includes a detailed building inventory, hazard scenario models, building and infrastructure damage (fragility) and recovery functions, social science data-driven household and business models, and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models of local economies. An important aspect of IN-CORE is the characterization of uncertainty and its propagation throughout the chained models of the platform.</p><p>Three illustrative examples of community testbeds are presented that look at hazard impacts and recovery on population, economics, physical services, and social services. An overview of the IN-CORE technology and scientific implementation is described with a focus on four key community stability areas (CSA) that encompass an array of community resilience metrics (CRM) and support community resilience informed decision-making. Each testbed within IN-CORE has been developed by a team of engineers, social scientists, urban planners, and economists. Community models, begin with a community description, i.e., people, businesses, buildings, infrastructure, and progresses to the damage and loss of functions caused by a hazard scenario, i.e., a flood, tornado, hurricane, or earthquake. This process is accomplished through chaining of modular algorithms, as described. The baseline community characteristics and the hazard-induced damage sets are the initial conditions for the recovery models, which have been the least studied area of community resilience but arguably one of the most important. Communities can then test the effect of mitigation and/or policies and compare the effects of “what if” scenarios on physical, social, and economic metrics with the only requirement being that the change much be able to be numerically modeled in IN-CORE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49725062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term sustainability and resilience enhancement of building portfolios","authors":"Ghazanfar Ali Anwar ,&nbsp;You Dong ,&nbsp;Mustesin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of community building portfolios in socioeconomic development and the growth of the built environment cannot be overstated. Damage to these structures can have far-reaching consequences on socioeconomic and environmental aspects, requiring a long-term perspective for recovery. As communities aim to enhance their resilience and sustainability, there is a cost burden that needs to be considered. To address this issue, this paper proposes a community-level performance enhancement approach that focuses on optimizing the long-term resilience and sustainability of community building portfolios, taking into account recurrent seismic hazards. A Gaussian process surrogate-based multi-objective optimization framework is utilized to optimize the cost objective while considering performance indicators for resilience and sustainability. The proposed framework involves using performance-based assessment methods to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental consequences under stochastic and recurrent seismic hazard scenarios. These evaluated indicators are then used to efficiently optimize the community resilience and sustainability, taking into account the retrofit costs. Finally, approximate Pareto-optimal solutions are extracted and utilized for decision-making. In summary, this paper presents a novel approach for optimizing the long-term resilience and sustainability of community building portfolios by considering recurrent seismic hazards. The proposed framework incorporates performance-based assessment methods and multi-objective optimization techniques to achieve an optimal balance between cost, resilience, and sustainability, with the ultimate goal of enhancing community well-being and decision-making in the face of seismic hazards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual testbeds for community resilience analysis: step-by-step development procedure and future orientation","authors":"S. Amin Enderami,&nbsp;Elaina J. Sutley,&nbsp;Ram K. Mazumder,&nbsp;Meredith Dumler","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Virtual community resilience testbeds enable community-level inferences, convergence research, and serve as decision-making aids. Testbeds are critical for the verification and validation of emerging computational models and quantitative assessment frameworks of community-level disaster impacts, disruption, and recovery processes. This paper illuminates the significance of establishing a standardized approach for developing virtual community resilience testbeds and proposes a systematic schema for this purpose. The workflow facilitates testbed development by defining a series of steps, starting with specifying the testbed simulation scope. Arguing hazard and community modules are the principal components of a testbed, we present a generic structure for testbeds and introduce minimum requirements for initiating each module. The workflow dissects the testbed's architecture and different attributes of the components beneath these modules. The proposed steps outline existing relevant tools and resources for creating the building, infrastructure, population, organization, and governance inventories. The paper discusses challenges testbed developers may encounter in procuring, cleaning, and merging required data and offers the initiatives and potential remedies, developed either by the authors or other researchers, to address these issues. The workflow concludes by describing how the testbed will be verified, visualized, published, and reused. The paper demonstrates the application of the proposed workflow by developing a testbed based on Onslow County, North Carolina using publicly available data. To foster sharing and reusing of developed testbeds by other researchers, all supporting documents, metadata, template algorithms, computer codes, and inventories of the Onslow Testbed are available at the DesignSafe-CI. The procedure proposed here can be used by other researchers to guide and standardize testbed development processes, and open access to virtual testbeds to the broader research community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 42-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49725069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of heavy rainfall on the Newcastle upon Tyne transport network using a geospatial data infrastructure","authors":"Kristina Wolf ,&nbsp;Richard J. Dawson ,&nbsp;Jon P. Mills ,&nbsp;Phil Blythe ,&nbsp;Craig Robson ,&nbsp;Jeremy Morley","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme weather conditions can adversely impact transport networks and driver behaviour, leading to variations in traffic volumes and travel times and increased accident rates. Emergency services that need to navigate to an accident site in the shortest possible time require real-time location-based weather and traffic information to coordinate their response.</p><p>We therefore require historical and high-resolution temporal real-time data to identify districts and roads that are prone to different types of incidents during inclement weather and to better support emergency services in their decision-making. However, real-time assessment of the current transport network requires a dense sensor network that can provide high-resolution data using internet-enabled technology.</p><p>In this research, we demonstrate how we obtain historical time-series and real-time data from sensors operated by the Tyne and Wear Urban Traffic and Management Control Centre and the Urban Observatory based at Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. In the study, we assess the impact of rainfall on traffic volume and travel time, and the cascading impacts during a storm event in Newcastle during early October 2021. We also estimate the economic cost of the storm, with regards to transport disruption, as the cost of travel, using the “value of time” based on Department for Transport guidelines (2021).</p><p>Using spatial-temporal analysis, we chose three locations to demonstrate how traffic parameters varied at different times throughout the storm. We identified increases in travel times of up to 600% and decreases in traffic volume of up to 100% when compared to historical data. Further, we assessed cascading impacts at important traffic locations and their broader implications for city areas. We estimated that the storm's economic impact on one sensor location increased by up to 370% of the reference value.</p><p>By analysing historical and real-time data, we detected and explained patterns in the data that would have remained uncovered if they had been examined individually. The combination of different data sources, such as traffic and weather, helps explain temporal fluctuations at locations where incidents were recorded near traffic detectors.</p><p>We anticipate our study to be a starting point for stakeholders involved in incident response to identify bottleneck locations in the network to help prepare for similar future events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 24-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49725057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic collapse assessment of archetype frames with ductile concrete beam hinges","authors":"Hasan Tariq ,&nbsp;Ezra A. Jampole ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Bandelt","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly ductile cement-based materials have emerged as alternatives to conventional concrete materials to improve the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. While experimental and numerical research on the behavior of individual components has provided significant knowledge on element-level response, relatively little is known about how ductile cement-based materials influence system-level behavior in seismic applications. This study uses recently developed lumped-plasticity models to simulate the unique failure characteristics and ductility of reinforced ductile-cement-based materials in beam hinges and applies them in the assessment of archetype frame structures. Numerous story heights (four, eight, and twelve), frame configurations (perimeter vs. space), materials (conventional vs. ductile concrete), and replacement mechanisms within the beam hinges are considered in the seismic analysis of the archetype structures. Results and comparisons are made in terms of the probability of collapse at 2% in 50-year ground motion, mean annual frequency of collapse, and adjusted collapse margin ratio (ACMR) across archetype structures. The results show that engineered HPFRCCs in beam plastic-hinge regions can improve the seismic safety of moment frame buildings with higher collapse margin ratios, lower probability of collapse, and the ability to withstand large deformations. Data is also reported on how ductile concrete materials can reduce concrete volume and longitudinal reinforcement tonnage across frame configurations and story heights while maintaining or improving seismic resistance of the structural system. Results demonstrate future research needs to assess life-cycle costs, predict column hinge behavior, and develop code-based design methods for structural systems using highly ductile concrete materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 103-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical studies on the seismic response of a three-storey low-damage steel framed structure incorporating seismic friction connections","authors":"Zhenduo Yan ,&nbsp;Shahab Ramhormozian ,&nbsp;G. Charles Clifton ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Xiang ,&nbsp;Liang-Jiu Jia ,&nbsp;Gregory A. MacRae ,&nbsp;Xianzhong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 9 m high, near full scale three-storey configurable steel frame composite floor building incorporating friction-based connections is to be tested using two linked bi-directional shake tables at the International joint research Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering (ILEE) facilities, Shanghai, China, as part of the RObust BUilding SysTem (ROBUST) project. A total of nine structural configurations are designed and detailed. To have a better understanding of the expected system behaviour, as well as effects of other structural and non-structural elements (NSEs) on the overall system response, experimental testing at component level has been conducted prior to the shake table testing. This paper presents an introduction to the ROBUST project, followed by a numerical study on one of the nine configurations of the structure, having Moment Resisting Steel Frame (MRSF) in the longitudinal direction and Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF) in the transverse direction. Hysteretic properties employed in the numerical models are validated against component test results. The predictions of the building's seismic response under selected base excitations are presented indicating the likely low damage performance of the structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Resilience of structures to earthquakes special issue","authors":"R.S. Henry ,&nbsp;Y.C. Kurama","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Page 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance of damaged frame retrofitted with self-centering and energy-dissipating rocking wall","authors":"Genqi Xiao ,&nbsp;Haishen Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes the novel concept of retrofitting damaged reinforced concrete frame with self-centering and energy-dissipating rocking wall. Parametric studies were carried out base on pushover and time-history analysis. In both pushover and time-history analysis, the soft-story mechanism was effectively mitigated through the rocking wall retrofit of the damaged structures. The results demonstrated that the stiffness and bearing capacity of the retrofitted system were improved compare to its intact state. Additionally, the seismic response of the damaged frame retrofitted using rocking wall in combination with post-tension and shear-type damper fell within the relevant design limits. Pushover analysis of the rocking wall indicated that there is a linear relationship between the wall thickness and the initial stiffness of the retrofitted system. The addition of post-tension tendon to the rocking wall system enables the wall to self-center and increases lateral stiffness and bearing capacity of the retrofitted system. When the shear-type damper was installed, the energy dissipation of the system was increased, and the stiffness and bearing capacity of the retrofitted system were also improved. In the time-history analysis, it was found that the thickness of the rocking wall is directly related to the maximum inter-story drift and the distribution patterns of inter-story drift of the frame. As the post-tension was added to the system, the maximum inter-story drift under rare earthquake excitation improved significantly. With the addition of shear-type dampers, the overall drift magnitude of the retrofitted system was fundamentally decreased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the behavior of slender reinforced concrete walls with complex configurations using nonlinear finite element analysis","authors":"Kamal A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Laura N. Lowes ,&nbsp;Dawn E. Lehman","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slender RC walls are used commonly in mid- and high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads arising from earthquakes and wind forces. To accommodate architectural constraints, facilitate construction, and maximize structural efficiency, the majority of these walls have complex configurations, comprising planar and non-planar wall elements that often include regular or irregular patterns of openings. To date most laboratory testing of slender RC walls has employed wall specimens with relatively simple configurations and without openings and coupling action which provides only limited understanding of the impact on performance of the variations in configuration and reinforcement detailing observed in real-world construction.</p><p>This study presents a 3D continuum modeling approach to improve understanding of the behavior of walls with complex configurations and support recommendations for design of these systems. Planar wall data were used to calibrate the continuum-type modeling approach; experimental data characterizing the response of non-planar walls and walls with openings are used to validate the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 120-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49737419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized index for functionality-sensitive resilience quantification","authors":"Cao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The resilience index based on the integral of functionality/performance function within a time interval of interest has been widely used in the literature. However, it cannot fully reflect the sensitivity of the resilience of the object (e.g., structure or system) to the variation of functionality. In this paper, a generalized index is proposed to measure the resilience of structures and systems that is sensitive to the instantaneous functionality, as reflected by a generating function involved in the proposed resilience index. The mathematical properties of the proposed resilience model are discussed. It is proven that, the proposed index varies within [0,1], and is a monotone measure. If the generating function is a power function with <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> being the exponent (called <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-fairness function), the additivity property (i.e., superadditivity, additivity, and subadditivity) of the resilience index is dependent on the value of <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>. It is also observed that the existing resilience index is a special case of the proposed one. A byproduct is that, with a properly selected generating function, the time-dependent reliability problem of an aging structure can also be described by the proposed resilience index. The applicability of the proposed resilience model is demonstrated through four examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}