Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Table of Content","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-7416(22)00019-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2772-7416(22)00019-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000199/pdfft?md5=124cad22d4ba4135fdc832f87d5d2da8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137438980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projections of corrosion and deterioration of infrastructure in United States coasts under a changing climate","authors":"Yating Zhang ,&nbsp;Bilal M. Ayyub ,&nbsp;Juan F. Fung","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change can accelerate infrastructure deterioration in coastal areas because increased temperature and humidity can promote steel corrosion. This study (1) projects corrosion rate changes for reinforced concrete and steel structures in 223 coastal counties, (2) assesses the impact of corrosion rate changes on the useful life of structures, and (3) evaluates direct economic losses due to shortened useful life of highway bridges over the period 2000-2100. The results show that the useful life of concrete structures may decrease by 1.7-2.7% under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 and decrease by 0.7-1.1% under RCP 4.5 by the end of the 21st century. The useful life of steel structures may decrease by 7.9-15.9% under RCP 8.5 and 3.3-6.7% under RCP 4.5. Concrete bridges may suffer an average loss of $6.5-11.7/m² under RCP 8.5 and $3.3-16.5/m² under RCP 4.5 due to shortened useful life. Steel bridges may suffer an average loss of $73.4-111.3/m² under RCP 8.5 and $46.9-81.2/m² under RCP 4.5. In both climate scenarios, 10% of counties may have negative losses and 10% of counties may have losses greater than $20 million due to corrosion rate changes for concrete and steel bridges. The results reveal the spatial difference of climate change impacts on infrastructural deterioration and suggest the importance of developing regional specific adaptation strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000096/pdfft?md5=84c3babbad9502ff993e0a7392e2d40b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000096-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87481897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the effect of improved school and residential building codes for tornadoes in community resilience","authors":"Wanting (Lisa) Wang ,&nbsp;John W. van de Lindt","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tornadoes can destroy or severely damage physical infrastructure including buildings in a community. This can result in direct losses but also indirect losses such as the closure of key social institutions reverberating further through the community (e.g., schools). Despite significant losses in past events, building codes and standards have not previously included tornado hazards because of the relatively low probability of a direct strike. The recent release of the ASCE 7–22 standard considers tornadoes for Risk Category 3 and 4 buildings, i.e. ranging from schools to critical facilities. This study proposes a series of design combinations of a reinforced masonry school building with different performance targets intended to enable schools to reopen sooner. Tornado fragilities were developed for a school building having improved designs using tornado loads determined based on the new tornado chapter in ASCE 7–22, and then integrated into a community level model with school attendance zones to examine the effect. The ultimate goal in this study is to investigate the effect of improving school building designs would have on maintaining school continuity (and more rapid return) for school children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000060/pdfft?md5=36ffe40e0c7860640c2b82132b14bc2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000060-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75020353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kriging metamodels for the dynamic response of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems and fragility estimates for seismic and wind loads","authors":"Lili Xing ,&nbsp;Paolo Gardoni ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes kriging metamodels for the dynamic response of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems subject to seismic and wind loads. Three types of outrigger systems are considered. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems are developed using ANSYS. Data generated from the finite element models are used to develop the proposed kriging metamodels. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to determine the most sensitive input parameters in kriging metamodels to gain insights and suggest possible future developments. The proposed kriging metamodels are used to develop fragility estimates for high-rise buildings with three types of outrigger systems under seismic and wind loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 110-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000072/pdfft?md5=77173ac8522ddb7825390a999df71cce&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000072-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83417123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A demand-supply framework for evaluating the effect of resource and service constraints on community disaster resilience","authors":"Nikola Blagojević,&nbsp;Božidar Stojadinović","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tools that quantify community disaster resilience are essential for informed decision-making on community disaster resilience improvement measures. One of the major research gaps in quantifying community disaster resilience are community disaster recovery simulations. Such simulations enable an insight into factors that enable a rapid and efficient community disaster recovery and vice versa. The iRe-CoDeS framework presented in this paper, simulates community disaster recovery as a time-stepping loop, where at each time step the interplay of demand and supply of community components for various resources and services dictates components’ ability to operate and recover. Disaster resilience of a community is then quantified using a multi-dimensional metric, where each dimension represents the unmet demand of a community regarding a certain resource or a service, labelled Lack of Resilience (LoR). This paper presents how such a demand/supply approach can be applied to account for resource and service constraints, impeding factors, that prolong component recovery and thus decrease community disaster resilience. Housing resilience of North–East San Francisco exposed to a Mw7.2 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault is quantified to illustrate the proposed approach. rWhale application framework recently developed at the NHERI SimCenter is used for this purpose, presenting how such a regional simulation on the effect of natural disasters on communities can be extended using the iRe-CoDeS framework to simulate community disaster recovery and quantify community disaster resilience. It is shown that housing resilience quantification results obtained in the case study focused on a part of San Francisco are in accordance with the existing estimates of housing resilience. The evolution of the post-disaster community-level supply and demand for recovery resources and services is obtained, identifying how and when the unmet demand for these resources and services impedes community recovery. Lastly, the effect of community’s ability to mobilize resources and services needed for its recovery on its disaster resilience is investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 13-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000011/pdfft?md5=c7a26010f8749136a2213d90597b08d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137438979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance evaluation of innovative balloon type CLT rocking shear walls","authors":"T.Y. Yang ,&nbsp;S. Lepine-Lacroix ,&nbsp;J.A. Ramos Guerrero ,&nbsp;J.B.W. McFadden ,&nbsp;M.A.Q. Al-Janabi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Balloon type cross laminated timber (CLT) rocking shear walls are a novel seismic force resisting system. In this paper, the seismic performance of four 12-story balloon type CLT rocking shear walls, designed by a structural engineering firm located in Vancouver (Canada) using the performance-based design procedure outlined in the technical guideline published by the Canadian Construction Materials center (CCMC)/National Research Council Canada (NRC), is assessed. The seismic performance of the prototype CLT rocking shear walls was investigated using nonlinear time history analyses. Robust nonlinear finite element models were developed using OpenSees and the nonlinear behavior of the displacement-controlled components was calibrated using available experimental data. A detailed site-specific hazard analysis was conducted and sets of ground motions suitable for the prototype buildings were selected. The ground motions were used in a series of incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) to quantify the adjustable collapse margin ratio (ACMR) of the prototype balloon type CLT rocking shear walls. The results show that the prototype balloon type CLT rocking shear walls designed using the performance-based design procedure outlined in the CCMC/NRC technical guideline have sufficient ACMR when compared to the acceptable limits recommended by FEMA P695.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000059/pdfft?md5=12aa9509abc9d41a28fad410b4d0d065&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective post-tensioned bridge pier with internal dissipation","authors":"Sabina Piras,&nbsp;Alessandro Palermo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the development and testing of a novel internal dissipation connection for the use of post-tensioned rocking columns. The solution is one of the many referring to the dissipative controlled rocking (DCR) bridge design philosophy. The internal dissipaters are carefully designed to be cost-effective and reduce the overall construction cost. The dissipaters are fully threaded, Grade 300 bars connected to the permanent column and foundation longitudinal reinforcement with threaded couplers. In this research, a DCR column is subjected to subsequent earthquake events, and the dissipaters' strain design limits are chosen such that there is no need for replacing after a significant seismic event. The result is a recommended design strain limit of 1.5% for the dissipaters that guarantees the structural integrity of the DCR column after a seismic event. Additionally, a cumulated strain of 5% is recommended for the dissipaters before replacement is suggested. The proposed connection detailing with replaceable internal dissipaters, combined with post-tensioned high strength bars and well-confined concrete, provided self-centring capabilities (no residual displacement), dissipation capacity and significantly less damage in the bridge column than a traditional reinforced concrete solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000035/pdfft?md5=ea3e402d4bc6e54116bdd18541c1d646&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80004282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the energy-based design theory: Towards the application to self-centering systems","authors":"Ge Song ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;T.Y. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2022.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-centering systems exhibit superior performance during earthquake shaking with lower damage and less residual deformations. Although the equivalent static force design procedure is the commonly used one for most structural systems for seismic applications, the cumulative damage and the effective duration of earthquakes cannot be explicitly considered, which has significantly affected the behaviors and post-earthquake performance of self-centering systems. Energy-based design theory (EBDT), which introduces the energy demand as the critical parameter to establish relations with structural damage, has gained attention around the world in recent decades. The EBDT can provide comprehensive considerations for structural responses and damage in design procedures, especially for self-centering systems. However, few researches and actual energy design projects focus on the use of EBDT for self-centering systems. This paper intends to present thorough review of several critical issues in EBDT. Meanwhile, pivotal gaps that need to be further investigated towards the application of EBDT to self-centering systems are identified and discussed in the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 80-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772741622000084/pdfft?md5=c61bb2ea3b2072c5e0b866305115bd52&pid=1-s2.0-S2772741622000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76383200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Demand-Supply Framework for Evaluating the Effect of Resource and Service Constraints on Community Disaster Resilience","authors":"N. Blagojević, B. Stojadinović","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/uqtzn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/uqtzn","url":null,"abstract":"Tools that quantify community disaster resilience are essential for informed decision-making on community disaster resilience improvement measures. One of the major research gaps in quantifying community disaster resilience are community disaster recovery simulations. Such simulations enable an insight into factors that enable a rapid and efficient community disaster recovery and vice versa. The iRe-CoDeS framework presented in this paper, simulates community disaster recovery as a time-stepping loop, where at each time step the interplay of demand and supply of community components for various resources and services dictates components’ ability to operate and recover. Disaster resilience of a community is then quantified using a multi-dimensional metric, where each dimension represents the unmet demand of a community regarding a certain resource or a service, labelled as Lack of Resilience (LoR). This paper presents how such a demand/supply approach can be applied to account for resource and service constraints, impeding factors, that prolong component recovery and thus decrease community disaster resilience. Housing resilience of north-east San Francisco exposed to a Mw7.2 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault is quantified to illustrate the proposed approach. rWhale application framework recently developed at the NHERI SimCenter is used for this purpose, presenting how such a regional simulation on the effect of natural disasters on communities can be extended using the iRe-CoDeS framework to simulate community disaster recovery and quantify community disaster resilience. It is shown that housing resilience quantification results obtained in the Case Study focused on a part of San Francisco are in accordance with the existing estimates of housing resilience. The evolution of the post-disaster community-level supply and demand for recovery resources and services is obtained, identifying how and when the unmet demand for these resources and services impedes community recovery. Lastly, the effect of community’s ability to mobilize resources and services needed for its recovery on its disaster resilience is investigated.","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85361553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Resilience and Post-Disaster Reconstruction. Evidences from Mexico and France","authors":"Aleyda Reséndiz-Vázquez","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81653968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}