Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system for bridges under pulse-like near-fault earthquakes","authors":"Sasa Cao ,&nbsp;Osman E. Ozbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a coin is tossed to a gravity well, it will spiral instead of falling directly to the center. Inspired by this phenomenon, a gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system (GW-DFPS) is developed to extend the length of sliding trajectories of bridge superstructures during pulse-like near-fault earthquakes. As a result, a greater amount of energy will be dissipated due to the frictional sliding of the isolators. The GW-DFPS consists of a spherical surface and an outer surface described by a 1/<em>x</em> or logarithmic function to build gravity well. Full-scale isolators were fabricated and their response was characterized considering various parameters such as the friction material of slider, surface roughness of sliding surfaces, and applied vertical loads. Additionally, a finite element model of the isolator was created using the experimental test data. Numerical simulations were performed on a case-study bridge structure isolated using both a conventional DFPS system and the proposed GW-DFPS systems. The experimental results reveal that the proposed isolators exhibit stable response under vertical loads varying from 200 kN to 1000 kN with a negative stiffness response when the isolator slides at the outer sliding surface. The numerical simulations of the selected bridge structure demonstrate that the GW-DFPS significantly extends the sliding trajectory lengths of the superstructure during half of the earthquake pulses, resulting in increased energy dissipation during this interval. The kinetic energies of the bridge isolated by GW-DFPS are consistently lower than those of the bridge isolated by the other two kinds of isolators, resulting lower shear forces on the bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 83-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and reliability assessment of fire resistance of glue laminated timber beams","authors":"Satheeskumar Navaratnam ,&nbsp;Thisari Munmulla ,&nbsp;Pathmanthan Rajeev ,&nbsp;Thusiyanthan Ponnampalam ,&nbsp;Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glue-laminated timber (GLT) is an engineered wood product widely used in mass timber construction for its strong structural and fire-resistant properties. However, the fire performance of GLT varies significantly due to the natural and uncertain phenomena (moisture, exposure time, isotropic, homogenous properties, etc.) of fire and timber. This makes it difficult to predict the fire behaviour of the GLT structural elements. To ensure building safety, it is crucial to assess GLT's fire behaviour and post-fire structural integrity during the design stages. This study conducted the experimental tests of GLT beams (280 mm × 560 mm) without loading (1.4 m) and under a four-point bending load (5.4 m). Tests identified thermal behaviour and charring rates of GLT beam. Then, the residual stiffness of the GLT beam was calculated, and the charring rates of the beams were compared with Australian and European standards. Reliability analysis was conducted for beams for a fire exposure of 120 min, considering the charring rates observed through the analysis and simulating the fire insulations. Results show that the charring rate of GLT made with spruce pine timber varied between 0.43 and 0.81 mm/min, with a mean rate of 0.7 mm/min, aligning with both Australian and European standards. However, considering timber density and moisture content, the charring rates in Australian standards were conservative. The study also found that structural capacity significantly degrades under fire, with a 22 % reduction in flexural stiffness after 120 min of exposure. Additionally, GLT beams can safely function for 30 min under 75 % of their design moment capacity and for 60 min under 50 % capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic resilience design of prefabricated modular pressurized buildings","authors":"Zhiwu Ye ,&nbsp;Haifeng Bu ,&nbsp;Zhimao Liu ,&nbsp;Deng Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Min ,&nbsp;Hongbo Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China. The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient. To solve this problem, the small friction pendulum bearing (FPB) isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings. Firstly, a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings. The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model. Subsequently, according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings, a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes. Lastly, the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis. The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility, respectively. When adopting FPBs, the response of the structure is significantly reduced, and the seismic isolation effect is obvious. The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly. It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Meta databases of steel frame buildings for surrogate modelling and machine learning-based feature importance analysis” [Journal of Resilient Cities and Structures Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024) 20-43]","authors":"Delbaz Samadian ,&nbsp;Jawad Fayaz ,&nbsp;Imrose B. Muhit ,&nbsp;Annalisa Occhipinti ,&nbsp;Nashwan Dawood","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Page 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robustness assessment approach for transportation networks with cyber-physical interdependencies","authors":"Konstantinos Ntafloukas ,&nbsp;Liliana Pasquale ,&nbsp;Beatriz Martinez-Pastor ,&nbsp;Daniel P. McCrum","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While in the past the robustness of transportation networks was studied considering the cyber and physical space as isolated environments this is no longer the case. Integrating the Internet of Things devices in the sensing area of transportation infrastructure has resulted in ubiquitous cyber-physical systems and increasing interdependencies between the physical and cyber networks. As a result, the robustness of transportation networks relies on the uninterrupted serviceability of physical and cyber networks. Current studies on interdependent networks overlook the civil engineering aspect of cyber-physical systems. Firstly, they rely on the assumption of a uniform and strong level of interdependency. That is, once a node within a network fails its counterpart fails immediately. Current studies overlook the impact of earthquake and other natural hazards on the operation of modern transportation infrastructure, that now serve as a cyber-physical system. The last is responsible not only for the physical operation (e.g., flow of vehicles) but also for the continuous data transmission and subsequently the cyber operation of the entire transportation network. Therefore, the robustness of modern transportation networks should be modelled from a new cyber-physical perspective that includes civil engineering aspects. In this paper, we propose a new robustness assessment approach for modern transportation networks and their underlying interdependent physical and cyber network, subjected to earthquake events. The novelty relies on the modelling of interdependent networks, in the form of a graph, based on their interdependency levels. We associate the serviceability level of the coupled physical and cyber network with the damage states induced by earthquake events. Robustness is then measured as a degradation of the cyber-physical serviceability level. The application of the approach is demonstrated by studying an illustrative transportation network using seismic data from real-world transportation infrastructure. Furthermore, we propose the integration of a robustness improvement indicator based on physical and cyber attributes to enhance the cyber-physical serviceability level. Results indicate an improvement in robustness level (i.e., 41 %) by adopting the proposed robustness improvement indicator. The usefulness of our approach is highlighted by comparing it with other methods that consider strong interdependencies and key node protection strategies. The approach is of interest to stakeholders who are attempting to incorporate cyber-physical systems into civil engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investing in resilience: A long-term analysis of china's flood protection strategies","authors":"Koji Watanabe ,&nbsp;Mikio Ishiwatari ,&nbsp;Daisuke Sasaki ,&nbsp;Akiko Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Mikiyasu Nakayama","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investing in disaster risk reduction is crucial for minimizing the impacts of disasters. However, little is known about the factors that influence changes in investment levels over time. This study aims to identify the key socio-economic drivers behind increases and decreases in flood protection investment in People's Republic of China (PRC). Such information is crucial for policy makers to justify flood investments. By analyzing data on flood protection expenditures, economic losses from floods, and other relevant indicators from 1980 to 2020, the study evaluates the relationship between investment and disaster impacts through the lens of the flood investment cycle model. It was found that the country succeeded in reducing flood damage because of increasing investment in flood protection. The results indicate that changes in PRC's flood protection investment have been driven by three major factors: the occurrence of major disasters, the fiscal situation, and shifts in government policies. Investment tended to increase following large-scale events, such as the 1998 Yangtze River Basin flood and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which prompted policy changes and renewed focus on DRR measures. Fiscal constraints limited investment in the 1990s, but reforms and stimulus measures improved the financial situation, enabling increased spending on flood protection. PRC's experience in steadily reducing flood damage through sustained investment and policy commitment offers valuable lessons for other developing countries facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin-based resilience evaluation and intelligent strategies of smart urban water distribution networks for emergency management","authors":"Hongyan Dui ,&nbsp;Taiyu Cao ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resilient smart urban water distribution networks are essential to ensure smooth urban operation and maintain daily water services. However, the dynamics and complexity of smart water distribution networks make its resilience study face many challenges. The introduction of digital twin technology provides an innovative solution for the resilience study of smart water distribution networks, which can more effectively support the network's real-time monitoring and intelligent control. This paper proposes a digital twin architecture of smart water distribution networks, laying the foundation for the resilience assessment of water distribution networks. Based on this, a performance evaluation model based on user satisfaction is proposed, which can more intuitively and effectively reflect the performance of urban water supply services. Meanwhile, we propose a method to quantify the importance of water distribution pipes' residual resilience, considering the time value to optimize the recovery sequence of failed pipes and develop targeted preventive maintenance strategies. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper applies it to a water distribution network. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the resilience and enhance the overall resilience of smart urban water distribution networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 41-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated decision-making approach to resilience–LCC Bridge network retrofitting using a genetic algorithm-based framework","authors":"Pedram Omidian ,&nbsp;Naser Khaji ,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Aghakouchak","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridge networks are essential components of civil infrastructure, supporting communities by delivering vital services and facilitating economic activities. However, bridges are vulnerable to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. To develop an effective disaster management strategy, it is critical to identify reliable, robust, and efficient indicators. In this regard, Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) and Resilience (R) serve as key indicators to assist decision-makers in selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction plans. This study proposes an innovative LCC–R optimization framework to identify the most optimal retrofit strategies for bridge networks facing hazardous events during their lifespan. The proposed framework employs both single- and multi-objective optimization techniques to identify retrofit strategies that maximize the R index while minimizing the LCC for the under-study bridge networks. The considered retrofit strategies include various options such as different materials (steel, CFRP, and GFRP), thicknesses, arrangements, and timing of retrofitting actions. The first step in the proposed framework involves constructing fragility curves by performing a series of nonlinear time-history incremental dynamic analyses for each case. In the subsequent step, the seismic resilience surfaces are calculated using the obtained fragility curves and assuming a recovery function. Next, the LCC is evaluated according to the proposed formulation for multiple seismic occurrences, which incorporates the effects of complete and incomplete repair actions resulting from previous multiple seismic events. For optimization purposes, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) evolutionary algorithm efficiently identifies the Pareto front to represent the optimal set of solutions. The study presents the most effective retrofit strategies for an illustrative bridge network, providing a comprehensive discussion and insights into the resulting tactical approaches. The findings underscore that the methodologies employed lead to logical and actionable retrofit strategies, paving the way for enhanced resilience and cost-effectiveness in bridge network management against seismic hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 16-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic response of steel columns subjected to lateral blast based on modified single degree of freedom (MSDOF) method","authors":"Mohammad Momeni ,&nbsp;Chiara Bedon ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Hadianfard ,&nbsp;Sina Malekpour","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to evaluate the stochastic response of steel columns subjected to blast loads using the modified single degree of freedom (MSDOF) method, which assessed towards the conventional single degree of freedom (SDOF) and the experimentally validated Finite Element (FE) methods (LSDYNA). For this purpose, special attention is given to calculating the response of H-shaped steel columns under blast. The damage amount is determined based on the support rotation criterion, which is expressed as a function of their maximum lateral mid-span displacement. To account for uncertainties in input parameters and obtain the failure probability, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is employed, complemented by the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method to reduce the number of simulations. A parametric analysis is hence performed to examine the effect of several input parameters (including both deterministic and probabilistic parameters) on the probability of column damage as a function of support rotation. First, the MSDOF method confirms its higher accuracy in estimating the probability of column damage due to blast, compared to the conventional SDOF. The collected results also show that uncertainties of several input parameters have significant effects on the column behavior. In particular, geometric parameters (including cross-sectional characteristics, boundary conditions and column length) have major effect on the corresponding column response, in the same way of input blast load parameters and material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MDOF equivalent linear system and its applications in seismic analysis and design of framed structures","authors":"E.V. Muho ,&nbsp;N.A. Kalapodis ,&nbsp;G.A. Papagiannopoulos ,&nbsp;D.E. Beskos","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the applications of the multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) equivalent linear system in seismic analysis and design of planar steel and reinforced concrete framed structures. An equivalent MDOF linear structure, analogous to the original MDOF nonlinear structure, is constructed, which has the same mass and elastic stiffness as the original structure and modal damping ratios that account for the effects of geometrical and material nonlinearities. The equivalence implies a balance between the viscous damping work of the equivalent linear structure and that of the nonlinearities in the original nonlinear structure. This work balance is established with the aid of a transfer function in the frequency domain. Thus, equivalent modal damping ratios can be explicitly determined in terms of the period and deformation levels of the structure as well as the soil types. Use of these equivalent modal damping ratios can help address a variety of seismic analysis and design problems associated with planar steel and reinforced concrete framed structures in a rational and accurate manner. These include force - based seismic design with the aid of acceleration response spectra characterized by high amounts of damping, improved direct displacement-based seismic design and the development of advanced seismic intensity measures. The equivalent modal damping ratios are also utilized in the context of linear modal analysis for the definition and construction of the MDOF response spectrum. Furthermore, the equivalent modal damping ratios are employed in a seismic retrofit method for steel-framed structures with viscous dampers. Finally, it is demonstrated that modal behavior (or strength reduction) factors can be easily constructed based on these modal damping ratios for a more rational and accurate force-based seismic design, including the determination of inelastic displacement profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 107-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}