Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Resilience framework for seaport infrastructure under extreme wind","authors":"A. Balbi ,&nbsp;O. Kammouh ,&nbsp;G.P. Cimellaro ,&nbsp;M.P. Repetto","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient transportation of goods is vital for the economic growth of communities, making developing and maintaining seaport infrastructure an essential component of the marine transportation system. Given their geographic locations, ports are consistently at risk from natural hazards, making the resilience of port infrastructure an essential goal.</div><div>Despite considerable progress in resilience research, there remains a gap in methods tailored explicitly to assessing port resilience, particularly under extreme wind events. Current approaches often do not capture the full complexity of port systems, as they tend to focus on isolated aspects, such as structural resilience.</div><div>This paper introduces the PORT Resilience Framework, addressing these gaps by evaluating resilience through a comprehensive list of indicators gathered from various legitimate sources. The indicators are then organized under four comprehensive resilience dimensions: Physical Infrastructure, ICT (i.e., Information and Communication Technology) and Equipment; Organization and Business Management; Resources and Economic Development; and Territory, Environment, and Stakeholders. This classification is summarized under the acronym \"PORT.\"</div><div>This paper also introduces a method for aggregating resilience indicators by considering their performance before and after a specific hazard, transforming the data into a quantifiable Loss of Resilience index. The approach is applied to a case study, assessing the resilience of a real Terminal against wind action using real data sourced from the port management.</div><div>The case study analysis revealed that human resources and quay operations were the most critical factors affecting recovery, with insufficient staffing leading to prolonged recovery periods. The study further demonstrated that post-disruption activity surges, captured by different serviceability function methodologies, often created operational bottlenecks, challenging the port's overall recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 99-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recovery process of housing in Mexico City 7+ years after the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake","authors":"Arturo Tena-Colunga","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the <em>M_w</em> = 7.1 September 19, 2017 earthquake with epicenter nearby the boundary of Puebla and Morelos states, an important amount of structural damage occurred in Mexico City, 120 km away from the epicenter. Among the most severely affected sectors was the housing sector. At least 16 houses collapsed or partially collapsed during the earthquake, more than 5100 were demolished with public funds and more than 5800 were sternly damaged and required to be rehabilitated. Close to 1300 apartment buildings were severely damaged, where 33 of them collapsed or partially collapsed. Then, the recovery of the housing sector, which is instrumental for both the social and economy recovery of the city, have posed a monumental task and challenge to the citizens and authorities of Mexico City. In this paper, the author summarizes how these efforts to recover the affected housing sector have been in Mexico City close to eight years after the 9/19/2017 earthquake, based upon detailed statistics and information compiled by the author from different sources. It can be concluded that after 7+ years, the recovery process of single-family houses has been a success, as close to 100 % of the affected homes have been fully recovered with much better projects than the originally damaged. However, the recovery process of apartment buildings, although important, still has a long way to go. As of May 2025, only 59.6 % of the affected buildings have been fully recovered (31.3 % using public funds), other 11.3 % are under construction or rehabilitation process and, in 29.1 % of the affected buildings, no action has been taken to speed their recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 67-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin-based structural health monitoring and measurements of dynamic characteristics in balanced cantilever bridge","authors":"Tidarut Jirawattanasomkul ,&nbsp;Le Hang ,&nbsp;Supasit Srivaranun ,&nbsp;Suched Likitlersuang ,&nbsp;Pitcha Jongvivatsakul ,&nbsp;Wanchai Yodsudjai ,&nbsp;Punchet Thammarak","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed a digital twin (DT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) system for a balanced cantilever bridge, utilizing advanced measurement techniques to enhance accuracy. Vibration and dynamic strain measurements were obtained using accelerometers and piezo-resistive strain gauges, capturing low-magnitude dynamic strains during operational vibrations. 3D-LiDAR scanning and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests captured the bridge's as-is geometry and modulus of elasticity. The resulting detailed 3D point cloud model revealed the structure's true state and highlighted discrepancies between the as-designed and as-built conditions. Dynamic properties, including modal frequencies and shapes, were extracted from the strain and acceleration measurements, providing critical insights into the bridge's structural behavior. The neutral axis depth, indicating stress distribution and potential damage, was accurately determined. Good agreement between vibration measurement data and the as-is model results validated the reliability of the digital twin model. Dynamic strain patterns and neutral axis parameters showed strong correlation with model predictions, serving as sensitive indicators of local damage. The baseline digital twin model and measurement results establish a foundation for future bridge inspections and investigations. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining digital twin technology with field measurements for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance, ensuring the sustainability and safety of the bridge infrastructure, thereby enhancing its overall resilience to operational and environmental stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of seismic downtime for building retrofitting decision-making","authors":"Mucedero G ,&nbsp;Couto R ,&nbsp;Yükselen B ,&nbsp;Monteiro R","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research demonstrates the need for comprehensive frameworks to achieve an appropriate level of resilience (e.g., energy, seismic) of the European building stock, through integrated retrofitting interventions. Different frameworks have been proposed to identify optimal interventions when several feasible alternatives are available, considering multiple decision variables of different nature, such as social, economic, or technical. Within these efforts and frameworks, less attention has been paid to the post-earthquake recovery time of buildings and communities, thus ignoring the significance of reaching a desired recovery state (e.g., functional recovery) within a specified time frame. To overcome this limitation, this study estimates post-earthquake recovery times and uses them as one of the decision variables in multi-criteria identification of optimal retrofitting of an existing RC building. The case-study building is representative of the Italian school buildings constructed between the 1960s and 1970s and was analysed under two seismic hazard levels (moderate and high). Following the identification of the main structural deficiencies of the as-built structure through nonlinear static analyses, four seismic retrofit measures were selected. Then, the earthquake-induced downtime of each of the four retrofitted building configurations was assessed, analysing the different recovery times as a function of the seismic hazard level and the recovery state. A downtime-based metric, namely the expected annual downtime, was introduced as decision variable within an available multi-criteria decision-making framework to include the impact of downtime, rank the four retrofit measures and identify the preferable one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroeconomic models for predicting indirect impacts of disasters: A review","authors":"Tinger Zhu ,&nbsp;Charalampos Avraam ,&nbsp;Jack W. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters. The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage and community resilience has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters and the recovery of economic activity over time. In this review, we present a framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks. We first conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models, focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral interdependencies. These include the Leontief Input-Output (I/O) model, the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM), the Adaptive Regional Input-Output (ARIO) model, and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and its extensions. We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability, the compatibility of model assumptions, and output capabilities. We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts. Furthermore, we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes. This synthesis provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting and configuring models based on specific disaster scenarios. It also identifies the gaps in the literature, including the need for a deeper understanding of model performance reliability, key drivers of economic outcomes in different disaster contexts, and the disparities in modeling approach applications across various hazard types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spurious learning and bouncing back: Resilience and simulation modelling applied to the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ashraf Labib","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to provide a window opportunity to share a reflection and learning from different countries and from other disciplines with the focus on resilience. There is also an attempt to theorize the concept of learning from spurious success and failure in the context of COVID-19. The main emphasis is to provide understanding of the causal factors and the identification of improved measures and modelling approaches to prevent and mitigate against future pandemics. Proposed decision tools of resilience and bowtie modelling as enablers for decision makers to prevent hazards and protect against their consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid machine learning-enabled multivariate bridge-specific seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment of UHPC bridges","authors":"Tadesse G. Wakjira ,&nbsp;M. Shahria Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment is essential for ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) bridges, given their distinctive mechanical and structural properties. However, existing single-parameter-based probabilistic seismic demand (PSD) models overlook critical bridge‐specific characteristics and uncertainties. Besides, studies on seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment of UHPC bridges are scarce. Thus, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning (ML)-enabled multivariate bridge-specific seismic vulnerability and resilience assessment framework for UHPC bridges. Key design parameters and associated uncertainties are identified, and a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique is employed to establish a representative UHPC bridge database, which is used to develop a hybrid ML model-based multivariate PSD model. A comparative analysis with the conventional PSD model, as well as widely used ML algorithms, demonstrated that the proposed PSD model achieves the highest predictive performance, characterized by the highest coefficient of determination and lowest prediction errors. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis is used to investigate the effect of different parameters on the PSD of UHPC bridges. The results of SHAP show the peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the most important factor, followed by bridge span and column diameter. The hybrid ML-enabled multi-variate bridge-specific fragility analysis results are used to investigate the functionality recovery and resilience of the bridge, which demonstrate the reduction in the residual functionality and overall bridge resilience with the increase in the ground motion intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 92-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of testbed characteristics on community resilience using agent-based modeling","authors":"Xu Han ,&nbsp;Maria Koliou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a large increase in the number of days per year with numerous EF1-EF5 tornadoes. Given the significant damage incurred by tornadoes upon communities, community resilience analyses for tornado-stricken communities have been gaining momentum. As the community resilience analysis aims to guide how to lay out effective hazard mitigation strategies to decrease damage and improve recovery, a comprehensive and accurate approach is necessary. Agent-based modeling, an analysis approach in which different types of agents are created with their properties and behavior clearly defined to simulate the processes of those agents in an external environment, is the most comprehensive and accurate approach so far to conducting community resilience simulations and investigating the decision-making for mitigation and recovery under natural hazards. In this paper, agent-based models (ABMs) are created to simulate the recovery process of a virtual testbed based on the real-world community in Joplin City, MO. The tornado path associated with the real-world tornado event that occurred in May 2011 is adopted in the tornado hazard modeling for the Joplin testbed. In addition, agent-based models are created for another virtual community in the Midwest United States named Centerville using an assumed tornado scenario of the same EF-scale as that in Joplin. The effects of hazard mitigation strategies on the two communities are also explored. A comparison between the analysis results of these two testbeds can indicate the influence of the characteristics of a tornado-prone community on the resilience of the community as well as on the effects of hazard mitigation strategies. It is observed that a community's level of development significantly impacts the tornado resilience. In addition, the effects of a specific type of hazard mitigation strategy on the recovery process are contingent upon testbed characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 69-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance evaluation of mass timber buildings equipped with resilient and conventional friction devices","authors":"Ashkan Hashemi,&nbsp;Rajnil Lal","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of mass timber elements in different structures has gained publicity over the last few years, primarily due to climate change adaptation policies and net zero carbon targets. Timber is a renewable construction material that can outperform other building materials regarding environmental impact. However, when used in seismically active regions, its application has been limited due to the uncertainties on their seismic behaviour in respect with different design standards and limited ductility in conventional connections. Conventional timber connections typically suffer from stiffness and strength degradation under cyclic loads. Their repairability is also low due to permanent damage in the fasteners and the associated crushing in the wood fibres. The use of friction connections can be an efficient way to mitigate these issues. They offer many advantages as they are economical and yet provide a high level of reliable and continuous energy dissipation. In recent years, a new generation of friction connections has been developed that can provide self-centring behaviour (i.e., the ability of the structure to return to its original position at the end of an earthquake). However, how these connections perform compared to a mass timber system with conventional timber connections is still unknown.</div><div>Several studies in the literature have suggested that these connections can enhance the performance of mass timber structures. However, the seismic performance of such systems specifically in terms of base shear, response drifts and response accelerations—has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper examines various design aspects of conventional friction connections and self-centring friction connections, providing insights into their differences concerning key seismic performance indicators. It compares the seismic performance of mass timber buildings equipped with both solutions, highlighting their advantages and limitations and drawing conclusions based on the results. The key findings are that friction connections can provides a superior seismic performance for timber structures. However, that may need to be combined with a parallel system avoid residual displacements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing urban resilience with modular construction: An integrated sustainability assessment framework","authors":"Mohammad Kamali ,&nbsp;Kasun Hewage ,&nbsp;Anber Rana ,&nbsp;Shahria Alam ,&nbsp;Rehan Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure, it is crucial to adopt best practices. Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience, construction times, resource efficiency, and sustainability. However, the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits. This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes. Criteria and indicator development and calculation, benchmark scale establishment, quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys, and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework. The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region, Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors. The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0, respectively and fell into higher performance range. The proposed framework offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability, providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability. This research, which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making, helps the construction industry and, municipalities, governments, and policymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 46-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}