Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"An integrated market flood risk insurance framework for urban households in South Africa","authors":"David Lefutso ,&nbsp;Abiodun A. Ogundeji ,&nbsp;Gideon Danso-Abbeam ,&nbsp;Yong S. Nyam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change, rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to affordable flood insurance. This paper constructs the Integrated Market Flood Risk Insurance Framework (IMFRIF) based on a qualitative, desk-based research design consisting of contextual policy analysis, systematic literature review and analytical synthesis through systems thinking. The policy and document analysis reviewed the legislation on national disaster management, insurance and industry reports to determine institutional and market limitations on the provision of flood insurance. A PRISMA-ScR systematic literature review filtered 312 records on Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, which led to the identification of 47 peer-reviewed articles and 15 policy and comparative case studies. Thematic analysis led to the identification of six prevailing clusters of barriers based on the influence on insurance uptake, which included affordability and product design, trust and risk perception, data and risk assessment gaps, regulatory capacity, multi-stakeholder coordination, and community engagement. The results of these studies were used to design the IMFRIF, a system incorporating 9 major stakeholder groups and 5 interdependent system components into a single market-based design. The framework provides a systematic foundation to the resolution of systemic exclusion of flood insurance, but specifically acknowledges the implementation limitations regarding data availability, regulation capacity, fiscal sustainability and communal level of trust. The IMFRIF is placed as a progressive and responsive system that offers a point of future empirical confirmation and policy implementation to promote inclusive disaster risk financing in South Africa and comparable low- and middle-income contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criticality, resilience and prioritization of components in interdependent infrastructure systems: An overview of definitions and quantitative modelling approaches","authors":"Georgios Alexandros Chatzistefanou ,&nbsp;Albert S. Chen ,&nbsp;Slobodan Djordjević ,&nbsp;Lydia S. Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia ,&nbsp;Dragan A. Savić","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure (CI) systems has become a focal point of national and international policies. However, the formulation of resilience enhancement strategies often requires component- (i.e. asset-) level prioritization, which entails many complexities. Acknowledging the complex and interdependent nature of infrastructure systems, this paper aims to aid researchers, practitioners and policy-makers by presenting a review of the relative literature and current state-of-the-art, and by identifying future research opportunities to improve the applicability and operationalizability of CI component identification and prioritization methods. Theoretical and practical applications are reviewed for definitions, analysis and modelling approaches regarding the resilience of interdependent infrastructure systems. A detailed review of infrastructure criticality definitions, component criticality assessment and prioritization frameworks, from scientific, policy and other documents, is presented. A discussion on social justice and equity dimensions therein is included, which have the potential to greatly influence decisions and should always be incorporated in infrastructure planning and investment discussions. The findings of this review are discussed in terms of applicability and operationalizability. Key recommendations for future research include: (i) developing quantification frameworks for CI component criticality based on formal definitions and multiple criteria, (ii) incorporating the entire resilience cycle of CI in component prioritization, (iii) accounting for the socio-technical nature of CI systems by integrating social dimensions and their wider operating environment and (iv) developing comprehensive model validation, calibration and uncertainty analysis frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 118-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient self-centering viscous-based bracing with SMA and friction springs: Multi-objective control of displacement and acceleration – an analytical study","authors":"Navid Rahgozar ,&nbsp;M.Shahria Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-Centering Piston-Based Braced Frames (SC-PBBFs) are designed to curtail structural damage under severe ground motions. The self-centering mechanism in this bracing mitigates structural damage during an earthquake, thereby reducing post-earthquake repair costs and contributing to seismic resilience. However, non-structural components, particularly those sensitive to floor acceleration, remain vulnerable, resulting in prolonged functional recovery times. This paper aims to address this limitation by introducing a novel structural archetype, the Self-Centering Viscous-Based Braced Frame (SC-VBBF), which integrates superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars, viscous dampers (VDs), and friction springs (FSs). A streamlined analytical approach relies on the strength decoupling of VD from other components using a <em>λ</em> factor to design SC-VBBFs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid brace, a set of 4-, 8-, and 12-story archetypes equipped with SC-PBBs and SC-VBBFs are simulated in OpenSees and analyzed under various earthquake types, including crustal, subcrustal, and subduction events. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the SC-VBBF with <em>λ ≤ 0.5</em> system compared to SC-PBBFs in mitigating floor accelerations under design-level earthquakes and improving seismic resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic design and performance of building structures with self-centering steel-concrete hybrid single-pier coupled walls","authors":"Mojtaba Farahi ,&nbsp;Fabio Freddi ,&nbsp;Massimo Latour","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the demand for seismic-resilient structures, various innovative solutions have emerged to reduce local damage and residual deformations, facilitating repair operations in the aftermath of high-intensity earthquakes. This paper examines the seismic performance of a steel-concrete hybrid wall system equipped with a self-centering solution to mitigate earthquake-induced residual deformations. The considered hybrid system includes a Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall with two steel side columns connected by coupling steel beams. In this study, a novel type of coupling beams featuring a friction-damped self-centering system is implemented. The system is referred to as Self-Centering Hybrid Single-Pier Coupled Wall (SC-SP-HCW) and aims to minimize damage and residual deformations after earthquakes, which in turn facilitates repairs and enhances seismic resilience. Unlike conventional self-centering coupling beams with post-tensioned tendons, the self-centering configuration in this system does not rely on a gap-opening mechanism at the wall-beam connection interface, eliminating frame expansion effects. The proposed self-centering devices can also be implemented as pre-assembled links, which facilitates installation and reduces uncertainties associated with the on-site post-tensioning procedure. The seismic performance of SC-SP-HCWs is investigated through nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analyses on case study SC-SP-HCWs designed as the lateral load-resisting systems of an eight-story building. The seismic response of the case study SC-SP-HCWs is investigated, considering both local and global engineering demand parameters (EDPs). The results demonstrate the ability of the SC-SP-HCWs to significantly reduce earthquake-induced residual deformations without exacerbating damage to structural elements typically observed in conventional coupled walls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the evolution of the ductile diaphragm concept for seismically resilient bridges","authors":"Homero Carrion-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Michel Bruneau","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a review of how the ductile diaphragm concept was formulated, evaluated, improved, and implemented over time to achieve seismically resilient bridges. A particular emphasis is placed on the most recent work that has provided a more fully, and more widely applicable, version of the concept. The paper also addresses how to design buckling restrained braces used as energy dissipating elements in the longitudinal direction of multi-span bridges (simple spans or continuous bridges) as part of the ductile diaphragm concept. In all cases, the objective of the ductile diaphragm concept is to concentrate ductility demands in steel energy dissipating elements located at the ends of the superstructure spans to protect the substructure (and rest of the superstructure) from damage, to ensure that the bridge can remain open to full traffic immediately following an earthquake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 14-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From preparedness to action: Synthesising insights on robot usage in post-Earthquake search operations","authors":"Rajashekhar V S,&nbsp;Gowdham Prabhakar","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human life is invaluable, and timely efforts are crucial to rescue individuals trapped under debris following an earthquake. To identify opportunities for improving post-earthquake search and rescue (SAR) robotics, we get insights through four different sources: (i) A literature review of disaster robotics and victim psychology, (ii) A public survey on earthquake awareness and their view of rescue robots, (iii) Semi-structured interviews with first responders, and (iv) Responses from GenAI chatbots which were prompted to assume the role of expert rescuers. The triangulated analysis show that there are challenges in mobility, autonomy, communication, situational awareness, and human-robot collaboration. The public respondents showed high acceptance of robot-assisted rescue and prioritised survivor detection, sensing, and communication as essential functionalities of robots. The experts expressed limitations in current equipment, the need for improved victim localisation, and interest in XR-based training and robot-assisted debris handling. The GenAI chatbots highlighted structural risk assessment, multi-sensor fusion, and supervised autonomy. Therefore, this study identifies critical robot features, outlines multi-modal interaction requirements, and highlights gaps in current SAR practice. These findings offer robot design directions for developing effective, trustworthy SAR robots, which can be integrated to future disaster-response workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 60-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An entropy-based multi-criteria approach for intensity measure selection in seismic resilience of structures","authors":"Junzhi Liao ,&nbsp;Davide Forcellini ,&nbsp;Jason Fang ,&nbsp;Lizhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic resilience (SR) has emerged as a critical focus in earthquake engineering to evaluate the ability of structures to endure, recover from, and adapt to seismic events. This study presents an entropy-based multi-criteria approach for selecting optimal intensity measures (IMs) to assess SR of structures. Eight representative IMs, derived from time histories and response spectrum are evaluated. Incremental dynamic analysis is conducted on a reinforced concrete structure, using engineering demand parameters such as the maximum inter-story drift and floor acceleration to generate fragility curves via a probabilistic seismic demand model. The optimal IMs are identified through a multi-criteria decision-making process, with scores calculated using the entropy weight method to incorporate factors such as efficiency, proficiency, and uncertainty based on information entropy. An effective SR framework is derived from fragility results. The findings indicate that peak ground velocity and spectral IMs are the most effective, while energy-related IMs underestimate SR. The study highlights the importance of optimizing IMs for more accurate seismic resilience assessments. The proposed entropy-based multi-criteria approach is shown to be both reliable and effective for selecting optimal IMs in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building collapse prediction due to earthquakes through ML algorithm: Hybrid methodology based on past-earthquake damage reports and resilience index","authors":"Alvaro Hurtado ,&nbsp;Hector Aroquipa ,&nbsp;David Restrepo ,&nbsp;Francisco Nieto ,&nbsp;Julian Carrillo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a hybrid methodology for predicting building collapses within the Intelligent Circular Resilience (<em>ICR</em>) framework. This uses a supervised Machine Learning (<em>ML</em>) approach, earthquake damage reports, and the Simplified Resilience Index (SRI), derived from existing earthquake damage models (EDM)—based on fragility and vulnerability functions—used in the probabilistic seismic risk assessment (<em>PSRA</em>). A curated building damage database comprising 89 structures (71 collapsed and 18 non-collapsed) from ten countries affected by major earthquakes (Mw 6.1–8.1, epicentral distances of 3–125 km, and PGA values ranging from 0.14 g to 0.82 g) was developed, including attributes related to exposure: occupancy, main structural material, number of stories, construction year, and hazard: magnitude, epicentral distance, intensity measures (Peak-ground acceleration, PGA, and elastic spectral acceleration). The dataset includes events such as the 2017 Puebla–Morelos earthquake (Mw 7.1, Mexico), the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake (Mw 7.6, Turkey), and the 2011 Christchurch earthquake (Mw 6.1, New Zealand), among others. Likewise, dependent attributes such as time elapsed and SRI (under 120-, 180-, and 365-day recovery scenarios) were calculated using 2-EDMs. Eight Random Forest models were trained and tested for collapse and non-collapse classification using combinations of independent and dependent attributes. The results indicate that models incorporating exposure-related variables—such as structural material, number of stories, construction year, and occupancy—alongside the SRI significantly improve collapse classification performance, achieving recall and F1 scores above 95%. Notably, many collapsed buildings exhibited low intensities (PGA ≤ 0.25 g), emphasizing the influence of local site effects—particularly in Mexico City. The findings demonstrate that incorporating SRI enhances the reliability of collapse prediction and supports its use as an interpretable resilience proxy during early ICR stages. This hybrid methodology bridges empirical data, traditional PSRA models, and ML techniques, contributing to more accurate and scalable post-earthquake resilience assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 102-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic discrete event simulation for government assisted owner driven participatory housing recovery modeling: Application to 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence, Nepal","authors":"Dipendra Gautam ,&nbsp;Sajan KC ,&nbsp;Olafur Petur Palsson","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation (SDES) algorithm to model the housing recovery trajectory after an extreme event. The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase. Specifically, the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven (GAOD) reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory. SDES, as a flexible modeling approach, can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction. The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event, with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction. We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit, crisis hit, and earthquake hit parishes, comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress. We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions, compared to pre-earthquake constructions. Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace. We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better (BBB) approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient (BBR) approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints. We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven (OD) recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-earthquake recovery in coastal cities of Manabí, Ecuador: A regional assessment nine years after the 2016 Muisne earthquake","authors":"Brian Cagua ,&nbsp;Roberto Aguiar","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In April 2016, a moment magnitude (<em>Mw</em>) 7.8 earthquake struck near Muisne (Pedernales), Ecuador, causing 671 fatalities, displacing &gt;30,000 people, and generating approximately USD 3.6 billion in economic losses that severely impacted the coastal province of Manabí. Nine years later, the recovery trajectory of its principal urban centers—Pedernales, Manta, Portoviejo, and Chone—offers a critical perspective to assess adaptive resilience in earthquake-prone coastal cities of Latin America. This study conducts a regional assessment of post-earthquake recovery using the 4Rs resilience framework—robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity—applied across housing, health, education, infrastructure, and economic sectors. Official reports, statistical databases, and field validations collected between 2016 and 2025 provide the basis for documenting both progress and persistent challenges.</div><div>The findings indicate that robustness improved with the enforcement of the Ecuadorian seismic code NEC-15 and the adoption of advanced technologies such as base isolation and supplemental damping in hospitals and high-rise buildings. Redundancy expanded selectively, being stronger in healthcare yet limited in housing and utilities. Resourcefulness varied across cities: municipal leadership and civic oversight in Manta and Portoviejo facilitated adaptive recovery, whereas Pedernales and Chone remained dependent on central agencies. Rapidity was similarly uneven; lifeline services were restored promptly, but complex projects—including hospitals, sewer systems, and residential complexes—faced delays of five to nine years. Structural assessments of 97 buildings revealed that nearly half remain without reinforcement, with recurrent deficiencies such as soft-story mechanisms, brittle masonry infill, and reinforcement corrosion sustaining latent seismic risk. Governance fragmentation, equity gaps, and insufficient monitoring thus emerged as critical barriers, underscoring the need for integrated governance, community participation, and AI-enabled monitoring to strengthen long-term disaster recovery in coastal cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}