Resilient Cities and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Advancing urban resilience with modular construction: An integrated sustainability assessment framework","authors":"Mohammad Kamali ,&nbsp;Kasun Hewage ,&nbsp;Anber Rana ,&nbsp;Shahria Alam ,&nbsp;Rehan Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the rapid growth of sustainable construction strategies globally and the importance of resiliency in civil infrastructure, it is crucial to adopt best practices. Modular construction is one such practice and is considered a better alternative to conventional construction in terms of resilience, construction times, resource efficiency, and sustainability. However, the continued expansion of modular construction relies on quantifying and evaluating its sustainability and the purported benefits. This paper develops and checks feasibility through an integrated multi-level decision support framework to empirically evaluate the sustainability performances of single-family residential modular homes. Criteria and indicator development and calculation, benchmark scale establishment, quantitative and qualitative data collection from literature and surveys, and multi-criteria decision analysis are unique aspects of this framework. The results of the two case studies located in the Okanagan region, Canada showed that modular homes perform at a higher level of sustainability than their conventional counterparts across multiple metrics and levels related to environmental and economic factors. The modular homes scored eco-efficiency values of 62.5 and 56.0, respectively and fell into higher performance range. The proposed framework offers flexibility in examining different dimensions of sustainability, providing valuable insights into the key parameters that need to be addressed to enhance overall sustainability. This research, which integrates life cycle thinking and decision-making, helps the construction industry and, municipalities, governments, and policymakers in making informed decisions on the selection of suitable construction methods in city developments and move towards a more resilient and sustainable sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 46-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-cycle thinking and performance-based design of bridges: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Alaa Al Hawarneh ,&nbsp;M. Shahria Alam ,&nbsp;Rajeev Ruparathna ,&nbsp;Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the growing emphasis on life-cycle analysis in bridge design, the design community is transitioning from the concept of performance-based design in structural engineering to a performance-based design approach within a life-cycle context. This approach considers various indicators, including cost, environmental impact, and societal factors when designing bridges. This shift enables a comprehensive assessment of structural resilience by examining the bridge's ability to endure various hazards throughout its lifespan. This study provides a comprehensive review of two key research domains that have emerged in the field of bridge life-cycle analysis, namely life-cycle sustainability (LCS) and life-cycle performance (LCP). The discussion on the LCS of bridges encompasses both assessment-based and optimization-based studies, while the exploration of LCP focuses on research examining structures subjected to deterioration over their service life due to deprecating phenomena such as corrosion and relative humidity changes, as well as extreme hazards like earthquakes and floods. Moreover, this study discusses the integration between LCS and LCP, highlighting how combined consideration of these factors can minimize damage costs, improve resiliency, and extend the lifespan of the structure. A detailed evaluation encompasses various life-cycle metrics, structural performance indicators, time-dependent modelling techniques, and analysis methods proposed in the literature. Additionally, the research identifies critical gaps and trends in life-cycle analysis within the realm of bridge engineering, providing a concise yet thorough overview for advancing considerations in the life-cycle design of bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 30-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative connection system for platform-type mass timber buildings","authors":"Rajnil Lal,&nbsp;Ashkan Hashemi,&nbsp;Pierre Quenneville","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platform-style construction is a widely recognized and well-established approach among engineers and developers for multi-story mass timber buildings. This construction method offers many advantages, such as rapid assembly, an excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and appealing aesthetic features. In a platform-type construction, each story is constructed by placing the floor panels on top of the load-bearing wall, creating a platform for the level above. Although this method offers numerous advantages, recent research findings have revealed that cross-laminated (CLT) platform buildings with conventional connections, such as wall-to-floor hold-down brackets and shear connectors with nails and screws, are prone to experience a high degree of damage under design-level earthquakes. Consequently, conventional connections in platform-type construction are vulnerable to more damage under aftershocks and do not meet the damage avoidance requirements of seismic design. This paper introduces an innovative floor-to-wall connection for a platform-type low-rise mass timber building that mitigates the limitations of conventional connections. The effectiveness of the proposed connection has been investigated, and the seismic performance of the system, which incorporates the proposed connection, has been outlined in this paper. A numerical model with an innovative inter-story isolation system is developed in ETABS, and the seismic performance of the isolated structure was evaluated using Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA). This study revealed that inter-story isolation systems significantly reduced the seismic demands on the mass timber components, demonstrating the system's ability to dissipate seismic energy. Additionally, the system displayed effective energy dissipation while exhibiting self-centering behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 14-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study of flood risk and vulnerability in the city of Atlanta – A social, economic, technical, and institutional perspective","authors":"Prerna Singh ,&nbsp;Adjo Amekudzi-Kennedy ,&nbsp;Baabak Ashuri ,&nbsp;Ty Parrillo ,&nbsp;Derek Rizzi ,&nbsp;Russell Clark ,&nbsp;Brian Woodall ,&nbsp;Heejun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The negative impacts of natural hazards on communities at all scales have been increasing. Floods comprise one such natural hazard that has emerged as one of the most destructive in the US and worldwide. While a lot of damage is estimated in terms of the cost of rebuilding infrastructure and direct loss of economy, the negative impacts of such disruptions go beyond the physical infrastructure. The impact on (and of) the social and institutional framework is rarely examined in conjunction with the physical and technical aspects. This paper examines flood vulnerability and risk of a community at an intersection of social, ecological, technical, and intuitional perspectives, and presents a framework for a holistic flood vulnerability and risk assessment that has a strong foundation in all four aspects of a resilient community. The study builds on the existing risk, vulnerability, and hazard assessment approaches, and refines them with a holistic perspective. The study uses a mixed method approach with qualitative and quantitative methodologies to assess flood occurrence probabilities, vulnerability, and risk from the social, ecological, technical, and institutional perspectives. A case study of the City of Atlanta is conducted using the framework to assess the overall vulnerability and risk of the city. The results of this analysis show that the regions that have the highest probability of flood hazard occurrence also appear to have the highest social, ecological, and technical vulnerabilities in the Atlanta area. While the results are intuitive, the applications support a focus on holistic resilience building across these four criteria. This study is potentially useful to practitioners, researchers, government agencies, and community organizations working to mitigate flood risk particularly as this risk continues to evolve with the changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system for bridges under pulse-like near-fault earthquakes","authors":"Sasa Cao ,&nbsp;Osman E. Ozbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a coin is tossed to a gravity well, it will spiral instead of falling directly to the center. Inspired by this phenomenon, a gravity well-inspired double friction pendulum system (GW-DFPS) is developed to extend the length of sliding trajectories of bridge superstructures during pulse-like near-fault earthquakes. As a result, a greater amount of energy will be dissipated due to the frictional sliding of the isolators. The GW-DFPS consists of a spherical surface and an outer surface described by a 1/<em>x</em> or logarithmic function to build gravity well. Full-scale isolators were fabricated and their response was characterized considering various parameters such as the friction material of slider, surface roughness of sliding surfaces, and applied vertical loads. Additionally, a finite element model of the isolator was created using the experimental test data. Numerical simulations were performed on a case-study bridge structure isolated using both a conventional DFPS system and the proposed GW-DFPS systems. The experimental results reveal that the proposed isolators exhibit stable response under vertical loads varying from 200 kN to 1000 kN with a negative stiffness response when the isolator slides at the outer sliding surface. The numerical simulations of the selected bridge structure demonstrate that the GW-DFPS significantly extends the sliding trajectory lengths of the superstructure during half of the earthquake pulses, resulting in increased energy dissipation during this interval. The kinetic energies of the bridge isolated by GW-DFPS are consistently lower than those of the bridge isolated by the other two kinds of isolators, resulting lower shear forces on the bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 83-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and reliability assessment of fire resistance of glue laminated timber beams","authors":"Satheeskumar Navaratnam ,&nbsp;Thisari Munmulla ,&nbsp;Pathmanthan Rajeev ,&nbsp;Thusiyanthan Ponnampalam ,&nbsp;Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glue-laminated timber (GLT) is an engineered wood product widely used in mass timber construction for its strong structural and fire-resistant properties. However, the fire performance of GLT varies significantly due to the natural and uncertain phenomena (moisture, exposure time, isotropic, homogenous properties, etc.) of fire and timber. This makes it difficult to predict the fire behaviour of the GLT structural elements. To ensure building safety, it is crucial to assess GLT's fire behaviour and post-fire structural integrity during the design stages. This study conducted the experimental tests of GLT beams (280 mm × 560 mm) without loading (1.4 m) and under a four-point bending load (5.4 m). Tests identified thermal behaviour and charring rates of GLT beam. Then, the residual stiffness of the GLT beam was calculated, and the charring rates of the beams were compared with Australian and European standards. Reliability analysis was conducted for beams for a fire exposure of 120 min, considering the charring rates observed through the analysis and simulating the fire insulations. Results show that the charring rate of GLT made with spruce pine timber varied between 0.43 and 0.81 mm/min, with a mean rate of 0.7 mm/min, aligning with both Australian and European standards. However, considering timber density and moisture content, the charring rates in Australian standards were conservative. The study also found that structural capacity significantly degrades under fire, with a 22 % reduction in flexural stiffness after 120 min of exposure. Additionally, GLT beams can safely function for 30 min under 75 % of their design moment capacity and for 60 min under 50 % capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 101-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic resilience design of prefabricated modular pressurized buildings","authors":"Zhiwu Ye ,&nbsp;Haifeng Bu ,&nbsp;Zhimao Liu ,&nbsp;Deng Lu ,&nbsp;Dong Min ,&nbsp;Hongbo Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China. The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient. To solve this problem, the small friction pendulum bearing (FPB) isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings. Firstly, a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings. The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model. Subsequently, according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings, a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes. Lastly, the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis. The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility, respectively. When adopting FPBs, the response of the structure is significantly reduced, and the seismic isolation effect is obvious. The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly. It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Meta databases of steel frame buildings for surrogate modelling and machine learning-based feature importance analysis” [Journal of Resilient Cities and Structures Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024) 20-43]","authors":"Delbaz Samadian ,&nbsp;Jawad Fayaz ,&nbsp;Imrose B. Muhit ,&nbsp;Annalisa Occhipinti ,&nbsp;Nashwan Dawood","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Page 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robustness assessment approach for transportation networks with cyber-physical interdependencies","authors":"Konstantinos Ntafloukas ,&nbsp;Liliana Pasquale ,&nbsp;Beatriz Martinez-Pastor ,&nbsp;Daniel P. McCrum","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While in the past the robustness of transportation networks was studied considering the cyber and physical space as isolated environments this is no longer the case. Integrating the Internet of Things devices in the sensing area of transportation infrastructure has resulted in ubiquitous cyber-physical systems and increasing interdependencies between the physical and cyber networks. As a result, the robustness of transportation networks relies on the uninterrupted serviceability of physical and cyber networks. Current studies on interdependent networks overlook the civil engineering aspect of cyber-physical systems. Firstly, they rely on the assumption of a uniform and strong level of interdependency. That is, once a node within a network fails its counterpart fails immediately. Current studies overlook the impact of earthquake and other natural hazards on the operation of modern transportation infrastructure, that now serve as a cyber-physical system. The last is responsible not only for the physical operation (e.g., flow of vehicles) but also for the continuous data transmission and subsequently the cyber operation of the entire transportation network. Therefore, the robustness of modern transportation networks should be modelled from a new cyber-physical perspective that includes civil engineering aspects. In this paper, we propose a new robustness assessment approach for modern transportation networks and their underlying interdependent physical and cyber network, subjected to earthquake events. The novelty relies on the modelling of interdependent networks, in the form of a graph, based on their interdependency levels. We associate the serviceability level of the coupled physical and cyber network with the damage states induced by earthquake events. Robustness is then measured as a degradation of the cyber-physical serviceability level. The application of the approach is demonstrated by studying an illustrative transportation network using seismic data from real-world transportation infrastructure. Furthermore, we propose the integration of a robustness improvement indicator based on physical and cyber attributes to enhance the cyber-physical serviceability level. Results indicate an improvement in robustness level (i.e., 41 %) by adopting the proposed robustness improvement indicator. The usefulness of our approach is highlighted by comparing it with other methods that consider strong interdependencies and key node protection strategies. The approach is of interest to stakeholders who are attempting to incorporate cyber-physical systems into civil engineering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investing in resilience: A long-term analysis of china's flood protection strategies","authors":"Koji Watanabe ,&nbsp;Mikio Ishiwatari ,&nbsp;Daisuke Sasaki ,&nbsp;Akiko Sakamoto ,&nbsp;Mikiyasu Nakayama","doi":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcns.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investing in disaster risk reduction is crucial for minimizing the impacts of disasters. However, little is known about the factors that influence changes in investment levels over time. This study aims to identify the key socio-economic drivers behind increases and decreases in flood protection investment in People's Republic of China (PRC). Such information is crucial for policy makers to justify flood investments. By analyzing data on flood protection expenditures, economic losses from floods, and other relevant indicators from 1980 to 2020, the study evaluates the relationship between investment and disaster impacts through the lens of the flood investment cycle model. It was found that the country succeeded in reducing flood damage because of increasing investment in flood protection. The results indicate that changes in PRC's flood protection investment have been driven by three major factors: the occurrence of major disasters, the fiscal situation, and shifts in government policies. Investment tended to increase following large-scale events, such as the 1998 Yangtze River Basin flood and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which prompted policy changes and renewed focus on DRR measures. Fiscal constraints limited investment in the 1990s, but reforms and stimulus measures improved the financial situation, enabling increased spending on flood protection. PRC's experience in steadily reducing flood damage through sustained investment and policy commitment offers valuable lessons for other developing countries facing similar challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101077,"journal":{"name":"Resilient Cities and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}