Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)最新文献

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Picosecond-pulse radiolysis studies to understand the primary processes in radiolysis 皮秒脉冲辐射分解研究,了解辐射分解的主要过程
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90197-9
Charles D. Jonah, Michele A. Lewis
{"title":"Picosecond-pulse radiolysis studies to understand the primary processes in radiolysis","authors":"Charles D. Jonah,&nbsp;Michele A. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90197-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90197-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of pulse radiolysis to learn about processes which occur before the beginning of chemical times is discussed. Two examples, the distance distribution of positive and negative ions in<em>n</em>-hexane and the identity of the “dry electron” are discussed in detail. It is shown that the dry electron which reacts is not quasi-free, but instead must be associated with the solvent. Thus, the name “dry electron” is somewhat of a misnomer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 485-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90197-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53761485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Spectral properties and kinetics of cationic transients generated in electron-pulse-irradiated alkanes 电子脉冲辐照烷烃中阳离子瞬变的光谱特性和动力学
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90199-2
R. Mehnert, O. Brede, W. Naumann
{"title":"Spectral properties and kinetics of cationic transients generated in electron-pulse-irradiated alkanes","authors":"R. Mehnert,&nbsp;O. Brede,&nbsp;W. Naumann","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90199-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90199-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After electron-pulse irradiation of liquid cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane containing carbon tetrachloride as an electron scavenger, transient optical absorption bands were observed with peak wavelengths of about 500 nm. The bands are assigned to the corresponding alkane radical cations. Solute cation formation was studied in cyclohexane using solutes as<em>n</em>-decane,<em>n</em>-dodecane,<em>n</em>-hexadecane and benzene. It is shown that the solutes undergo electron transfer to cyclohexane radical cations. Charge-transfer rate constants were estimated and their observed correlation with the difference of the liquid-phase ionization potentials of solvent and solute, Δ<em>E</em> =<em>I</em><sup>1</sup><sub>C6H12</sub> -<em>I</em><sup>1</sup><sub>S</sub>, is qualitatively compared with electron transfer theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 499-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90199-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53761559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Photoelectrochemical studies of gamma-irradiated iron oxides γ辐照氧化铁的光电化学研究
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90204-3
R. Schiller, L. Nyikos, T. Pajkossy, R. Mehnert
{"title":"Photoelectrochemical studies of gamma-irradiated iron oxides","authors":"R. Schiller,&nbsp;L. Nyikos,&nbsp;T. Pajkossy,&nbsp;R. Mehnert","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90204-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90204-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of gamma radiation on the photoelectrochemical response of thermally grown<em>n</em>-type iron oxide has been studied; a dose-dependent decrease in the photocurrent was found. The data, discussed in terms of the Ga¨rtner theory, enable one to evaluate the width of the space-charge layer and the diffusion length of the minority charge carriers as a function of dose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 527-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90204-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53761901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Kinetics and mechanism of thermoradiation decomposition of water vapour and its mixtures with acceptors 水蒸气及其与受体混合物的热辐射分解动力学和机理
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90209-2
B.G. Dzantiev, A.N. Ermakov, B.M. Zhitomirsky, Yu.P. Klimov, V.N. Popov
{"title":"Kinetics and mechanism of thermoradiation decomposition of water vapour and its mixtures with acceptors","authors":"B.G. Dzantiev,&nbsp;A.N. Ermakov,&nbsp;B.M. Zhitomirsky,&nbsp;Yu.P. Klimov,&nbsp;V.N. Popov","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90209-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90209-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water-vapour radiolysis under accelerated electrons in a one-pass flow system was investigated. The radiolysis parameters were changed over a wide range. Pure water vapour and its mixture with carbon monoxide were irradiated. The maximum radiation hydrogen yield<em>G</em><sub>m</sub> = 8 in pure water vapour independent of dose rate was obtained at temperatures higher than<em>T</em><sub>c</sub>. In mixtures of H<sub>2</sub>O + CO at definite parameters the radical processes of water vapour decomposition transforms into a chain mechanism (the chain length<em>v</em> ≲ 200). The kinetics and the mechanisms of radical and chain processes of water vapour decomposition were considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 559-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90209-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53762104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Radiation sources of the institute for research, production, and application of radioisotopes, praha, and their capabilities 放射性同位素研究、生产和应用所的辐射源、praha及其能力
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90215-8
E. Plander, M. Pesˇek, Z. Pra´sˇil, M. Rˇerˇichova´, J. Zaha´lka
{"title":"Radiation sources of the institute for research, production, and application of radioisotopes, praha, and their capabilities","authors":"E. Plander,&nbsp;M. Pesˇek,&nbsp;Z. Pra´sˇil,&nbsp;M. Rˇerˇichova´,&nbsp;J. Zaha´lka","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90215-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90215-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The radiation facilities ofU´VVVR, Praha, the sources PERUN, RADEGAST, and GAMMACELL 220, their construction, exploitation capabilities, and dosimetric systems are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 5","pages":"Pages 583-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90215-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53762563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Radiation chemistry of Na3IrCl6 solutions: Catalysed H2 formation by radicals and postirradiation reduction of IrCl3-6 by propanol-2 Na3IrCl6溶液的辐射化学:自由基催化H2生成和辐射后丙醇-2还原IrCl3-6
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90227-4
German Mills, Arnim Henglein
{"title":"Radiation chemistry of Na3IrCl6 solutions: Catalysed H2 formation by radicals and postirradiation reduction of IrCl3-6 by propanol-2","authors":"German Mills,&nbsp;Arnim Henglein","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90227-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90227-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1-Hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl radicals produced in the irradiation of Na<sub>3</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub> solutions containing propanol-2 and acetone react very slowly with the IrCl<sup>3-</sup><sub>6</sub> anion (<em>k</em> of the order 100 M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The product of the reaction is a compound which reacts very efficiently with the radicals and thereby catalyses the formation of hydrogen. This compound is supposed to be an iridium hydride. No iridium is produced at small Na<sub>3</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub> concentrations and a maximum H<sub>2</sub> yield of 3.7 H<sub>2</sub>/100 eV is observed at concentrations of IrCl<sup>3-</sup><sub>6</sub> between 2 and 5 times 10<sup>-4</sup> M. At higher concentrations, iridium metal starts to be formed. A faster formation of iridium occurs in solutions of Na<sub>3</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub>(&gt;10<sup>-3</sup> M) containing only propanol-2 as additive. In these solutions, the reduction of IrCl<sup>3-</sup><sub>6</sub> takes place thermally after initiation with λ radiation (some 10<sup>4</sup> rads). The postirradiation effect is inhibited by O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>3</sub>I, CH<sub>2</sub>CHCN, H<sub>2</sub> and CO. A mechanism for the reduction of IrCl<sup>3-</sup><sub>6</sub> by propanol-2 is proposed, in which an Ir<sup>I</sup> complex produced by radiation acts as the catalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 4","pages":"Pages 391-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90227-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53763144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The contribution of radiation chemistry to enact the hygienic safety standard of irradiated food 辐射化学对制定辐照食品卫生安全标准的贡献
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90264-X
Wu Jilan, Ha Hongfei, Yuan Rongyao
{"title":"The contribution of radiation chemistry to enact the hygienic safety standard of irradiated food","authors":"Wu Jilan,&nbsp;Ha Hongfei,&nbsp;Yuan Rongyao","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90264-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90264-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to accelerate the process of omitting the labeling of the irradiated food, it is suggested to enact the hygienic safety standard of the irradiated food. It may be classified as three classes: (1) Its hygienic safety standard is similar to that of common food. (2) The maximum permissible quantities of harmful compounds induced by radiation must be controlled. (3) The quantity of unique radiolysis product may be determined.</p><p>We must put the stress on the prediction and detection of induced harmful radiolysis products such as peroxides, volatile basic nitrogen compounds and organic halides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90264-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53763903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Application of nanosecond electron pulses to determine electrical properties of semiconductors 纳秒级电子脉冲测定半导体电性能的应用
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90163-3
J.W. Leonhardt, R. Goeldner, J. Boes, R. Mehnert
{"title":"Application of nanosecond electron pulses to determine electrical properties of semiconductors","authors":"J.W. Leonhardt,&nbsp;R. Goeldner,&nbsp;J. Boes,&nbsp;R. Mehnert","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90163-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90163-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>p<sup>+</sup>-i-n<sup>+</sup>-diodes were irradiated by means of 10 ns-electron pulses with energies of 0.3 - 1 MeV. The induced current pulse was measured. The half times of growth and decay give information about electrical carrier life times and diffusion lengths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 821-826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90163-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112006728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IMRP 5 awards for contributions to the field of radiation processing IMRP 5奖,奖励对辐射处理领域的贡献
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90241-9
{"title":"IMRP 5 awards for contributions to the field of radiation processing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90241-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90241-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 1","pages":"Page xiii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90241-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136936677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiolysis of aqueous solution of cyanide ion 氰化物离子水溶液的放射性溶解
Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90223-7
Qi Shengchu, Wu Jilan
{"title":"Radiolysis of aqueous solution of cyanide ion","authors":"Qi Shengchu,&nbsp;Wu Jilan","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90223-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90223-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The yields of the radiolytic products in air, N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O saturated aqueous solution of cyanide ion have been determined by combining the paper chromatographic method and carrier technique. The variations of the yields of the products in various systems have been investigated systematically by the scavenger method. The reaction kinetics of active species (OH, e<sup>-</sup><sub>aq</sub> and H) with HCN and CN<sup>-</sup> has been investigated. The <em>G</em> values of radiolytic products originating from different pathway of reactions were determined. The possibility of increasing the yields of amino acids has also been studied, and a method of increasing the <em>G</em> value of glycine has been found</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 4","pages":"Pages 365-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90223-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137409681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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