Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy最新文献_第9页

Particle vs. Laboratory modelling of In Situ compaction 现场压实的颗粒模型与实验室模型

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00028-X

R.M. Holt

引用次数: 9

Study of external path delay correction techniques for high accuracy height determination with GPS GPS高精度测高外径延迟校正技术研究

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00041-2

O. Bock , J. Tarniewicz , C. Thom , J. Pelon , M. Kasser

{"title":"Study of external path delay correction techniques for high accuracy height determination with GPS","authors":"O. Bock , J. Tarniewicz , C. Thom , J. Pelon , M. Kasser","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00041-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00041-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For specific applications such as permanent GPS network calibration and national leveling network surveying, a vertical accuracy of ∼1 mm for observing durations of a few hours to a few days at maximum in 10–100-km baselines would be required. To achieve a 1-mm accuracy in height determinations with differential-GPS measurements, path delay must be corrected with an accuracy of ∼0.3 mm. This level of accuracy is not achievable with standard GPS data analysis procedures. External correction from a water vapor remote sensing technique is therefore necessary. Microwave radiometers, which have been most extensively used for this purpose, solar spectrometers, DIAL and Raman lidars are considered in this paper. The principle and performance of these techniques is reviewed in the context of wet path delay retrieving. Namely, we evaluate the errors arising during the conversion of raw measurements to wet path delay, using retrieval coefficients or standard profiles. It is shown that changes in temperature profiles can produce errors of up to 1 cm in wet path delay with microwave radiometers. Similarly, mismodeled temperature profiles can produce errors of 2–3 mm in wet path delay with DIAL and Raman lidars. Raman lidar offers the possibility to retrieve the temperature profile from total air density. Assuming that absolute concentrations of water vapor and dry gases can be retrieved, the accuracy would be unbiased. In addition, Raman lidar would also allow for the correction of hydrostatic path delay without requiring the use of mapping functions. This might reduce the residual errors due to horizontal pressure and temperature gradients. This technique will therefore be investigated in more details in a future study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00041-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91632876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Potential uses of surface based GPS water vapour measurements for meteorological purposes 地面GPS测量水汽的潜在用途

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00083-7

D. Jerrett, J. Nash

{"title":"Potential uses of surface based GPS water vapour measurements for meteorological purposes","authors":"D. Jerrett, J. Nash","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00083-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00083-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current user requirements for relative humidity measurements in the atmosphere will be reviewed and the contribution which surface based GPS measurements can contribute to satisfying this requirement will considered. The potential of GPS data is discussed in view of some data assimilation, nowcasting/ synoptic and climate applications.</p><p>Some potential uses of GPS water vapour are considered, particularly in relationship to thunderstorm forecasting on occasions of potential instability. These depend on the ability of the forecaster to visualise the horizontal distribution of water vapour and to be able to compare this with satellite products on a very short time scale. In terms of potential operational GPS water vapour measurements it is suggested that in the UK, initial demonstration experiments concentrate on the problems of forecasting summertime convection over southern England.</p><p>The use of GPS water vapour measurements for climate change verification has been suggested in the past. The Hadley Centre Climate model data is used to estimate the magnitude and distribution of IWV changes over Europe to be expected in the next 50 years.</p><p>Some outstanding problems are highlighted, particularly the accuracy of the Ocean tide loading correction and the impact of errors in the total delay measurements in colder conditions. The latter has implications for the optimum distribution of GPS receivers for purely meteorological purposes in any planned network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 457-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00083-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81921202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

A magnetic investigation along a NW-SE transect of the Chinese loess plateau and its implications 中国黄土高原NW-SE剖面的地磁调查及其意义

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00134-X

R. Zhu , C. Deng , M.J. Jackson

引用次数: 24

Second network workshop of the International GPS Service (IGS) 国际GPS服务(IGS)第二次网络研讨会

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00095-3

Angelyn Moore

引用次数: 2

Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model, radiosonde and GPS delays 从气象资料比较NWP模式、探空和GPS延迟计算天顶延迟

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6

H. Vedel, K.S. Mogensen, X.-Y. Huang

{"title":"Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model, radiosonde and GPS delays","authors":"H. Vedel, K.S. Mogensen, X.-Y. Huang","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss aspects of how to derive precise estimates of zenith total delays (ZTD's) of the neutral atmosphere (its non-ionized constituents) from meteorological data in order to validate ZTD's derived from ground based GPS (Global Positioning System) observations. The goal is that a later stage GPS ZTD's may conversely be used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) model validation and forecasting. We determine ZTD by numerical integration over modeled or measured profiles of the atmosphere. Doing so, we find it is necessary to discriminate between geopotential and geometric heights. A term is added for the delay arising above the known atmospheric profile. Results obtained for the dry delay by numerical integration and by the Saastamoinen compare well, offsets being of sub millimeter scale only. The offsets we attribute to the time variations of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profile not being accounted for in the Saastamoinen formula. It is found that conversion of the dewpoint temperatures appearing in radiosonde (RS) reports to relative humidities may constitute a problem, and give an estimate of the maximum error associated with that. The GPS sites are in general not co-located with the RS sites nor with the grid-points of the model fields. Before deriving and comparing ZTD's it is necessary to correct for such positional offsets. We find that the correction for vertical offsets between GPS and RS sites or model orography is ambiguous, which can introduce errors.</p><p>Using our ZTD calculation algorithms we compare ZTD's based on data from the first one and half year of the MAGIC project. The results are: <figure><img></figure></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 497-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Late mesozoic mafic intrusive complexes in North China Block: constraints on the nature of subcontinental lithospheric mantle 华北地块晚中生代基性侵入杂岩体:对次大陆岩石圈地幔性质的制约

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9

F. Guo, W.-M. Fan, Y.-J. Wang, G. Lin

{"title":"Late mesozoic mafic intrusive complexes in North China Block: constraints on the nature of subcontinental lithospheric mantle","authors":"F. Guo, W.-M. Fan, Y.-J. Wang, G. Lin","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nature of Mesozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) has been rarely iscussed in detail even though it might be crucial to understanding of the lithospheric thinning process and mechanism in North China Block (NCB). Late Mesozoic ultramafic to mafic intrusive complexes occurring in west Shandong Province, eastern China, provide a possible approach to constrain the nature of the SCLM in NCB. These mafic rocks are characterized by LILE and LREE enrichment, HFSE depletion and apparently positive Eu anomalies with EM1-like Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. A long-term metasomatism by carbonatitic fluid can be inferred in accordance to their LREE enrichment, HFSE depletion and low <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios. Additionally, the strong LILE enrichment (such as Rb, Ba and K) and the relatively wider range of ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) values indicate that the mantle source had undergone recent metasomatism by high-potassium OIB-like melt during or shortly before partial melting, resulting in mantle heterogeneity. The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the ultramafic to mafic intrusives suggest their origin from enriched lithospheric mantle, which was probably dominated by phlogopite-bearing harzburgites at 80 to 160km depths. A combination of the partial melting of such a heterogeneously enriched mantle with fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene during magma ascent can well interpret their petrogenesis. When comparing the nature of the Mesozoic SCLM with that in the early Paleozoic, lithospheric extension or thinning occurred in response to the widespread basaltic generation during the late Mesozoic. It is favorable that the Archaean lithospheric keel in NCB was removed by means of the decompressional melting of the preexistent metasome defined by Menzies (1993).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 759-771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73829954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 125

The Matuyama/Brunhes geomagnetic polarity transition at Lingtai and Baoji, Chinese Loess Plateau 黄土高原灵台和宝鸡的Matuyama/Brunhes地磁极性转换

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00139-9

S. Spassov , F. Heller , M.E. Evans , L.P. Yue , Z.L. Ding

引用次数: 37

Preliminary results of processing EUREF network observations using a non-fiducial strategy 使用非基准策略处理EUREF网络观测的初步结果

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00104-1

Z.M. Malkin, A.V. Voinov

引用次数: 13

Proposal for a binary receiver independent exchange format 一个独立于接收方的二进制交换格式的建议

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy Pub Date : 2001-01-01 Epub Date: 2001-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00099-0

C.D. de Jong, H. van der Marel

引用次数: 2