J. Haase , E. Calais , J. Talaya , A. Rius , F. Vespe , R. Santangelo , X.-Y. Huang , J.M. Davila , M. Ge , L. Cucurull , A. Flores , C. Sciarretta , R. Pacione , M. Boccolari , S. Pugnaghi , H. Vedel , K. Mogensen , X. Yang , J. Garate
{"title":"The contributions of the MAGIC project to the COST 716 objectives of assessing the operational potential of ground-based GPS meteorology on an international scale","authors":"J. Haase , E. Calais , J. Talaya , A. Rius , F. Vespe , R. Santangelo , X.-Y. Huang , J.M. Davila , M. Ge , L. Cucurull , A. Flores , C. Sciarretta , R. Pacione , M. Boccolari , S. Pugnaghi , H. Vedel , K. Mogensen , X. Yang , J. Garate","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MAGIC (Meteorological Applications of GPS Integrated Column Water Vapor Measurements in the Western Mediterranean) is a 3 year project financed in part by the European Commission for research on deriving and validating robust GPS integrated water vapor (IWV) and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) data sets and developing methods to assimilate the data into numerical weather prediction models (NWP) and test their impact. It was conceived independently from the COST 716 action, which seeks to coordinate research in the domain at an international scale, but addresses some of the same objectives. This has led to a productive cooperation between the two initiatives and their participants, and motivated the decision of MAGIC participants to provide research results as part of the COST demonstration system. Currently a database of 1.5 years of ZTD data are available on the MAGIC web site which has been validated through comparisons with radiosondes which gives differences with a standard deviation of 10 mm ZTD or the equivalent error in IWV of 1.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. NWP assimilation tests will be carried out in the final year of the project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 433-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72676823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculation of zenith delays from meteorological data comparison of NWP model, radiosonde and GPS delays","authors":"H. Vedel, K.S. Mogensen, X.-Y. Huang","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss aspects of how to derive precise estimates of zenith total delays (ZTD's) of the neutral atmosphere (its non-ionized constituents) from meteorological data in order to validate ZTD's derived from ground based GPS (Global Positioning System) observations. The goal is that a later stage GPS ZTD's may conversely be used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) model validation and forecasting. We determine ZTD by numerical integration over modeled or measured profiles of the atmosphere. Doing so, we find it is necessary to discriminate between geopotential and geometric heights. A term is added for the delay arising above the known atmospheric profile. Results obtained for the dry delay by numerical integration and by the Saastamoinen compare well, offsets being of sub millimeter scale only. The offsets we attribute to the time variations of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profile not being accounted for in the Saastamoinen formula. It is found that conversion of the dewpoint temperatures appearing in radiosonde (RS) reports to relative humidities may constitute a problem, and give an estimate of the maximum error associated with that. The GPS sites are in general not co-located with the RS sites nor with the grid-points of the model fields. Before deriving and comparing ZTD's it is necessary to correct for such positional offsets. We find that the correction for vertical offsets between GPS and RS sites or model orography is ambiguous, which can introduce errors.</p><p>Using our ZTD calculation algorithms we compare ZTD's based on data from the first one and half year of the MAGIC project. The results are: <figure><img></figure></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 497-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00091-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of ultra-rapid orbits on precipitable water vapor estimation using a ground GPS network","authors":"J. Douša","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since February 2000, the IGS combined ultra-rapid orbits have been available, requested especially for the support of GPS near real-time (NRT) atmospheric monitoring. We have prepared and tested an hourly GPS orbit determination procedure at the Geodetic Observatory Pecný analysis center (GOP AC). The hourly orbits would preferably be used in our NRT tropospheric monitoring, which has been routinely performed since the beginning of 1999, thus far based on 2-day predicted orbits. The advantage of using the sub-daily orbits can be summarized in three contributions: the higher <strong>accuracy</strong> of the results (about 10–20 %), the <strong>stability</strong> of the evaluation (fewer weak periods, excluded results, etc.) and the significant <strong>simplicity</strong> of the procedure (e.g. orbit selection, orbit fixing).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75049270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A magnetic investigation along a NW-SE transect of the Chinese loess plateau and its implications","authors":"R. Zhu , C. Deng , M.J. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00134-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00134-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 11","pages":"867-872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00134-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72282220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Spassov , F. Heller , M.E. Evans , L.P. Yue , Z.L. Ding
{"title":"The Matuyama/Brunhes geomagnetic polarity transition at Lingtai and Baoji, Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"S. Spassov , F. Heller , M.E. Evans , L.P. Yue , Z.L. Ding","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00139-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00139-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 11","pages":"899-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00139-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72282399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pacione, C. Sciarretta, F. Vespe, C. Faccani, R. Ferretti, E. Fionda, C. Ferraro, A. Nardi
{"title":"GPS meteorology: validation and comparisons with ground-based microwave radiometer and mesoscale model for the Italian GPS permanent stations","authors":"R. Pacione, C. Sciarretta, F. Vespe, C. Faccani, R. Ferretti, E. Fionda, C. Ferraro, A. Nardi","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00037-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00037-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"1 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Late mesozoic mafic intrusive complexes in North China Block: constraints on the nature of subcontinental lithospheric mantle","authors":"F. Guo, W.-M. Fan, Y.-J. Wang, G. Lin","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nature of Mesozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) has been rarely iscussed in detail even though it might be crucial to understanding of the lithospheric thinning process and mechanism in North China Block (NCB). Late Mesozoic ultramafic to mafic intrusive complexes occurring in west Shandong Province, eastern China, provide a possible approach to constrain the nature of the SCLM in NCB. These mafic rocks are characterized by LILE and LREE enrichment, HFSE depletion and apparently positive Eu anomalies with EM1-like Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. A long-term metasomatism by carbonatitic fluid can be inferred in accordance to their LREE enrichment, HFSE depletion and low <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios. Additionally, the strong LILE enrichment (such as Rb, Ba and K) and the relatively wider range of ε<sub>Nd</sub>(t) values indicate that the mantle source had undergone recent metasomatism by high-potassium OIB-like melt during or shortly before partial melting, resulting in mantle heterogeneity. The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of the ultramafic to mafic intrusives suggest their origin from enriched lithospheric mantle, which was probably dominated by phlogopite-bearing harzburgites at 80 to 160km depths. A combination of the partial melting of such a heterogeneously enriched mantle with fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene during magma ascent can well interpret their petrogenesis. When comparing the nature of the Mesozoic SCLM with that in the early Paleozoic, lithospheric extension or thinning occurred in response to the widespread basaltic generation during the late Mesozoic. It is favorable that the Archaean lithospheric keel in NCB was removed by means of the decompressional melting of the preexistent metasome defined by Menzies (1993).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 759-771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00125-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73829954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.-C. Wang , D.-Z. Wang , G.-T. Zhao , J.-J. Lu , X.-M. Chen , S.-J. Xu
{"title":"Accessory mineral record of magma-fluid interaction in the Laoshan I- and A-type granitic complex, Eastern China","authors":"R.-C. Wang , D.-Z. Wang , G.-T. Zhao , J.-J. Lu , X.-M. Chen , S.-J. Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Laoshan granitic complex (LGC) in East China is composed of many intrusive units which can be divided into two distinct suites, I-type and A-type. There exist different assemblages of accessory minerals between the two units. In the I-type suite, the quartz monzonite contains the accessory mineral assemblage of titanite + magnetite + zircon, the biotite monzogranite is titanite + magnetite + ilmenite + zircon, whereas the accessory mineral assemblage in the quartz syenite is rutile + magnetite + zircon. In the alkali granite of the A-type suite, accessory mineral assemblage consists of Fe-Ti minerals including titanite, magnetite, ilmenite and rutile in addition to frequently-observed zircon and sparse pyrochlore. In the arfvedsonite granite, however, magnetite, titanite and rutile disappear, Nb-rich pyrophanite-dominant ilmenite becomes the only Ti mineral. In addition, large amounts of mineral containing REE and HFSE were crystallized. Zircon is also present in the all two facies of the A-type suite, but with different compositions. Especially, zircon in the arfvedsonite granite is enriched in Hf but poor in U and Th relative to the alkali granite. The change in accessory mineral assemblage in the different facies of both I-type and A-type suites reflects variation in temperature and/or <em>f</em>O<sub>2</sub> during crystallization of every magma chamber. Particularly, presence of the large amount of HFSE- and REE-bearing minerals in the arfvedsonite granite may be attributed to the accumulation of fluids at the end of evolution of A-type magma. Geochemically, the fluid is enriched, on one hand, in REE and HFSE, and on other hand, in volatiles (F, P and CO<sub>2</sub>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 835-849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermo-tectonic destruction of the archaean lithospheric keel beneath the sino-korean craton in china: evidence, timing and mechanism","authors":"Y.-G. Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sino-Korean Craton (SKC) in eastern China is an important natural laboratory for studying temporal change to the lithosphere because there is the jutaxposition of Ordovician diamondiferous kimberlites, Mesozoic lamprophyre-basalt and Cenozoic tholeiite-alkali basalts in this craton. While diamond inclusions, xenoliths and mineral concentrates in kimberlites indicate a thick (180 km), cold and refractory lithospheric keel beneath the SKC prior to the Palaeozoic, basalt-borne xenoliths reveal the presence of thin (<80 km), hot and fertile lithosphere in the Cenozoic. This indicates the dramatic change in lithospheric architecture during the Phanerozoic. Geochemical characterization of late Jurassic to recent basalts further suggests that the lithospheric destruction started since the Jurassic, probably due to the loss of physical integrity of the craton as a result of the Triassic collision between North China and Yangtze blocks. The replacement of old lithospheric keel by “oceanic” mantle has been accomplished during the late Cretaceous. Coupled thermo-mechanical and chemical erosion within the lithosphere-asthenosphere interface is considered as an important mechanism to thin the lithosphere. The lithospheric thinning may proceed with gradual upward migration of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Alternatively, the lithospheric thinning could proceed in the way that the old lithospheric mantle was penetrated and then desegregated by hot mantle materials which rise along vertical lithospheric shear zones and spread like mushroom clouds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 747-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pacione , C. Sciarretta , C. Faccani , R. Ferretti , F. Vespe
{"title":"GPS PW assimilation into MM5 with the nudging technique","authors":"R. Pacione , C. Sciarretta , C. Faccani , R. Ferretti , F. Vespe","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use a sub-set of European GPS network, equipped with surface meteorological sensors, to evaluate the impact of GPS precipitable water (PW) on the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model.</p><p>GPS PW are assimilated into the PSU/NCAR nonhydrostatic model MM5 using both the Nudging technique and the Objective Analysis. The selected GPS network is made by six stations: Cagliari, Graz, L'Aquila, Matera, Wettzell and Zimmerwald. In this work we test the whole processing from GPS data reduction to GPS PW assimilation in order to critically evaluate GPS PW impact on the weather forecast.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 481-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}