Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy最新文献

{"title":"Atmospheric GPS slant path delays and ray tracing through numerical weather models, a comparison","authors":"T. Pany, P. Pesec, G. Stangl","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00044-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00044-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"15 1","pages":"183-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73151326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal tomography of the lower troposphere using GPS signals","authors":"A. Flores ,&nbsp;A. Rius ,&nbsp;J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano ,&nbsp;A. Escudero","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00074-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The obtaining of the spatio-temporal representation of the wet refractivity distribution in the lower troposphere using GPS has been a line of research that has recently achieved very promising results. We here present a review of the work done and discuss some aspects as well as trace some future lines of development to increase the impact of GPS data in meteorological studies. Starting from the refinement of the tomographic technique, we assessed its capabilities using simulations based on the ground network of GPS receivers at mount Kilauea, Hawaii, and finally applied the whole procedure to the GPS data campaign conducted at the Onsala Space Observatory, verifying the results there obtained using traditional meteorological tools and analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 405-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00074-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77844735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of basement beneath the Songliao Basin in NE China: geochemical and isotopic constraints","authors":"F.-Y. Wu ,&nbsp;D.-Y. Sun ,&nbsp;H.-M. Li ,&nbsp;X.-L. Wang","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00128-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00128-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Songliao Basin, located in northeastern China with an area of about 260,000 km² and having the Daqing Oil Field as the most important center of the petroleum industry in China, is much debated about the basement nature. According to the drill holes, its basement is mainly composed of granites and the Paleozoic strata, some of which have undergone weak metamorphism and somewhat deformation. Gneiss has also been identified, but the petrographical studies indicate that the gneiss is in fact deformed granitic intrusions. Therefore, the granites are the major rock types beneath the Songliao Basin. Geochemical research indicates that these granites are peraluminous, and generated mainly by partial melting of juvenile crust. Geochronological studies show that one undeformed granitic sample gives an U-Pb age of 305 ± 2 Ma, and the mylonitic granite yields an U-Pb age of 165 ± 3 Ma; neither sample contains inherited zircon, which suggests that the basement of the Songliao Basin is not Precambrian, but part of Phanerozoic orogenic belt. With respect to Sr-Nd isotopes, these basement granites are characterized by low I_Sr (≈0.705), high ε_Nd(t) (−2.2–+2.4) and young Nd model ages (690 to 1160 Ma with most less than 1000 Ma) which is the same as that of the granites in the surrounding orogenic belts such as the Zhangguangcai, Great Xing'an and Lessor Xing'an Ranges, but distinctly different from granites emplaced in the adjacent Precambrian Jiamusi Massif. The simple mass balance calculation indicates that the mixing between the depleted mantle and ancient crust could not reasonably explain the Sr-Nd isotopic features, but the mixing modeling between the juvenile and pre-exited ancient crust suggests that the granites would have about 90% of the juvenile crustal component. Therefore, the Sr-Nd isotopic studies suggest that the basement of the Songliao Basin is juvenile crust, identical to the surrounding orogenic belts, and that there is no Precambrian basement to the Songliao Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 793-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00128-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79370896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of tropospheric path delays in GPS observations with the ECMWF numerical weather model","authors":"T. Pany ,&nbsp;P. Pesec ,&nbsp;G. Stangl","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00089-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00089-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent comparisons have shown that zenith total delays (ZTD's) derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations and ZTD's calculated from analysis fields of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models agree within 1–2 cm (rms). Thus NWP models describe the tropospheric delay quite well, even though no GPS data are assimilated into the model. In this work we investigate how a NWP model can be used to calculate and eliminate the influence of the troposphere on GPS measurements. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global weather model we calculate the GPS path delays for each single GPS observation using a high precision 3D ray tracing procedure and subtract it from the GPS observations.</p><p>We discuss two methods to process the corrected GPS observations. We find a reduction of the rms value of the phase residuals at low elevations, if the dry delay is eliminated and the wet delay is modeled in the adjustment. If the total delay is eliminated, tropospheric modeling of the remaining delay, whose correlation matrix will be determined, is still necessary. The analysis of the eigenvectors of the correlation matrix gives a set of mapping functions and weights which can be used to process the corrected GPS observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 487-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00089-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82198624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional densification of the IGS in europe using the EUREF permanent GPS network (EPN)","authors":"C. Bruyninx ,&nbsp;M. Becker ,&nbsp;G. Stangl","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00096-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00096-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1995 EUREF took the initiative to coordinate the activities related to existing permanent GPS stations in Europe and created the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) for the maintenance of the European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS89).</p><p>Presently, the data from most of the EPN stations is available within a 24-hour delay and additionally one third of the stations provides hourly data. The performance evaluation of the EPN data flow indicates that the reliability of the hourly data flow and the development of fallback procedures in case of unreachable data centres are requiring further improvements. Half of the EPN stations belong to the IGS network and as a consequence, improvements of latency, availability and reliability within EUREF will benefit the IGS too.</p><p>Each of the twelve analysis centres process part of the EPN and obtain weekly estimated coordinates and their covariance info. The combination of these individual solutions constitutes the EPN weekly combination. The quality of this solution is in average 1.6, 1.7 and 4.9 mm for the North, East and up components, respectively.</p><p>A multi-year combination of the weekly EPN solutions was submitted to IERS for inclusion into the ITRF2000. As a first accuracy assessment this solution was compared to the ITRF2000 contribution of CODE and showed to be consistent with the internal precision of the weekly solutions.</p><p>The establishment of an EPN Coordination Group, in June 2000, allows the continuation of an efficient management of the expanding GPS tracking network and the growing array of related multi-disciplinary projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 531-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00096-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79638251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial error correlation of GPS atmospheres as determined from simulations","authors":"P. Jarlemark ,&nbsp;J. Johansson ,&nbsp;B. Stoew ,&nbsp;L. Gradinarsky ,&nbsp;G. Elgered","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00082-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00082-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have made Monte Carlo simulations in order to quantify the influence of several error sources on the atmospheric delay derived in our regular “Precise Point Positioning” analysis of GPS data. Satellite position and clock errors were found to be the greatest sources of error. The RMS size of the atmospheric delay error due to these sources is suggested to be 4–8 mm, and the correlation of the delay error over 1000 km is 0.5-0.7. In our real-time analysis of the atmospheric delay satellite orbits and clock offsets are modelled in the Kalman filter. The modelled errors suggest an uncertainty in the atmospheric delay of 10–13 mm, and a decrease in the correlation coefficients to about 0.65 over a distance of 1000 km. For both the Precise Point Positioning and the real-time analysis the influence from antenna signal scatter will give additional error contributions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00082-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88516846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPS meteorology: validation and comparisons with ground-based microwave radiometer and mesoscale model for the Italian GPS permanent stations","authors":"R. Pacione, C. Sciarretta, F. Vespe, C. Faccani, R. Ferretti, E. Fionda, C. Ferraro, A. Nardi","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00037-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00037-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"1 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessory mineral record of magma-fluid interaction in the Laoshan I- and A-type granitic complex, Eastern China","authors":"R.-C. Wang ,&nbsp;D.-Z. Wang ,&nbsp;G.-T. Zhao ,&nbsp;J.-J. Lu ,&nbsp;X.-M. Chen ,&nbsp;S.-J. Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Laoshan granitic complex (LGC) in East China is composed of many intrusive units which can be divided into two distinct suites, I-type and A-type. There exist different assemblages of accessory minerals between the two units. In the I-type suite, the quartz monzonite contains the accessory mineral assemblage of titanite + magnetite + zircon, the biotite monzogranite is titanite + magnetite + ilmenite + zircon, whereas the accessory mineral assemblage in the quartz syenite is rutile + magnetite + zircon. In the alkali granite of the A-type suite, accessory mineral assemblage consists of Fe-Ti minerals including titanite, magnetite, ilmenite and rutile in addition to frequently-observed zircon and sparse pyrochlore. In the arfvedsonite granite, however, magnetite, titanite and rutile disappear, Nb-rich pyrophanite-dominant ilmenite becomes the only Ti mineral. In addition, large amounts of mineral containing REE and HFSE were crystallized. Zircon is also present in the all two facies of the A-type suite, but with different compositions. Especially, zircon in the arfvedsonite granite is enriched in Hf but poor in U and Th relative to the alkali granite. The change in accessory mineral assemblage in the different facies of both I-type and A-type suites reflects variation in temperature and/or <em>f</em>O₂ during crystallization of every magma chamber. Particularly, presence of the large amount of HFSE- and REE-bearing minerals in the arfvedsonite granite may be attributed to the accumulation of fluids at the end of evolution of A-type magma. Geochemically, the fluid is enriched, on one hand, in REE and HFSE, and on other hand, in volatiles (F, P and CO₂).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 835-849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00131-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of ultra-rapid orbits on precipitable water vapor estimation using a ground GPS network","authors":"J. Douša","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since February 2000, the IGS combined ultra-rapid orbits have been available, requested especially for the support of GPS near real-time (NRT) atmospheric monitoring. We have prepared and tested an hourly GPS orbit determination procedure at the Geodetic Observatory Pecný analysis center (GOP AC). The hourly orbits would preferably be used in our NRT tropospheric monitoring, which has been routinely performed since the beginning of 1999, thus far based on 2-day predicted orbits. The advantage of using the sub-daily orbits can be summarized in three contributions: the higher <strong>accuracy</strong> of the results (about 10–20 %), the <strong>stability</strong> of the evaluation (fewer weak periods, excluded results, etc.) and the significant <strong>simplicity</strong> of the procedure (e.g. orbit selection, orbit fixing).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00072-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75049270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contributions of the MAGIC project to the COST 716 objectives of assessing the operational potential of ground-based GPS meteorology on an international scale","authors":"J. Haase ,&nbsp;E. Calais ,&nbsp;J. Talaya ,&nbsp;A. Rius ,&nbsp;F. Vespe ,&nbsp;R. Santangelo ,&nbsp;X.-Y. Huang ,&nbsp;J.M. Davila ,&nbsp;M. Ge ,&nbsp;L. Cucurull ,&nbsp;A. Flores ,&nbsp;C. Sciarretta ,&nbsp;R. Pacione ,&nbsp;M. Boccolari ,&nbsp;S. Pugnaghi ,&nbsp;H. Vedel ,&nbsp;K. Mogensen ,&nbsp;X. Yang ,&nbsp;J. Garate","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MAGIC (Meteorological Applications of GPS Integrated Column Water Vapor Measurements in the Western Mediterranean) is a 3 year project financed in part by the European Commission for research on deriving and validating robust GPS integrated water vapor (IWV) and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) data sets and developing methods to assimilate the data into numerical weather prediction models (NWP) and test their impact. It was conceived independently from the COST 716 action, which seeks to coordinate research in the domain at an international scale, but addresses some of the same objectives. This has led to a productive cooperation between the two initiatives and their participants, and motivated the decision of MAGIC participants to provide research results as part of the COST demonstration system. Currently a database of 1.5 years of ZTD data are available on the MAGIC web site which has been validated through comparisons with radiosondes which gives differences with a standard deviation of 10 mm ZTD or the equivalent error in IWV of 1.6 kg/m². NWP assimilation tests will be carried out in the final year of the project.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 433-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00079-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72676823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}