Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy最新文献

{"title":"Current status of and backup plans for flow of IGS data and products","authors":"C. Noll","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00107-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The IGS has been operational for nearly seven years. Recent changes in the data and products archived at the data centers prompts the review of the current IGS data flow and archiving methodologies. This presentation will outline the current structure at the IGS data centers, including the flow of both the daily and hourly data products, and will detail ideas for improvements to the data flow to ensure timely and consistent availability of IGS data and products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 595-601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00107-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72788765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-tectonic destruction of the archaean lithospheric keel beneath the sino-korean craton in china: evidence, timing and mechanism","authors":"Y.-G. Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sino-Korean Craton (SKC) in eastern China is an important natural laboratory for studying temporal change to the lithosphere because there is the jutaxposition of Ordovician diamondiferous kimberlites, Mesozoic lamprophyre-basalt and Cenozoic tholeiite-alkali basalts in this craton. While diamond inclusions, xenoliths and mineral concentrates in kimberlites indicate a thick (180 km), cold and refractory lithospheric keel beneath the SKC prior to the Palaeozoic, basalt-borne xenoliths reveal the presence of thin (&lt;80 km), hot and fertile lithosphere in the Cenozoic. This indicates the dramatic change in lithospheric architecture during the Phanerozoic. Geochemical characterization of late Jurassic to recent basalts further suggests that the lithospheric destruction started since the Jurassic, probably due to the loss of physical integrity of the craton as a result of the Triassic collision between North China and Yangtze blocks. The replacement of old lithospheric keel by “oceanic” mantle has been accomplished during the late Cretaceous. Coupled thermo-mechanical and chemical erosion within the lithosphere-asthenosphere interface is considered as an important mechanism to thin the lithosphere. The lithospheric thinning may proceed with gradual upward migration of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Alternatively, the lithospheric thinning could proceed in the way that the old lithospheric mantle was penetrated and then desegregated by hot mantle materials which rise along vertical lithospheric shear zones and spread like mushroom clouds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 747-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic orbit quality control for near real-time GPS zenith tropospheric delay estimation","authors":"M. Ge, É. Calais, J. Haase","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00043-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00043-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"134 1","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72573850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of COST Action 716: exploitation of ground-based GPS for climate and numerical weather prediction applications","authors":"G. Elgered","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00073-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00073-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COST Action 716 is in the area of meteorology and is run under supervision of the European Community. The primary objective of the COST action is “assessment of the operational potential on an international scale of the exploitation of a ground-based GPS system to provide near real-time observations for numerical weather prediction and climate applications”. The paper describes the nature of a COST action and gives a brief description of meteorological applications of ground-based networks of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The content of the COST Action 716, its present status, and the plans for future work are described. The first two years of work has resulted in a common view in the geodetic and meteorological communities on how to proceed with the assessment of the ground-based GPS technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 399-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00073-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110614954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPS PW assimilation into MM5 with the nudging technique","authors":"R. Pacione ,&nbsp;C. Sciarretta ,&nbsp;C. Faccani ,&nbsp;R. Ferretti ,&nbsp;F. Vespe","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use a sub-set of European GPS network, equipped with surface meteorological sensors, to evaluate the impact of GPS precipitable water (PW) on the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model.</p><p>GPS PW are assimilated into the PSU/NCAR nonhydrostatic model MM5 using both the Nudging technique and the Objective Analysis. The selected GPS network is made by six stations: Cagliari, Graz, L'Aquila, Matera, Wettzell and Zimmerwald. In this work we test the whole processing from GPS data reduction to GPS PW assimilation in order to critically evaluate GPS PW impact on the weather forecast.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 481-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00088-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical characteristics and genesis of Neoproterozoic granitoids in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block","authors":"H.-F. Ling,&nbsp;W.-Z. Shen,&nbsp;R.-C. Wang,&nbsp;S.-J. Xu","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00129-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00129-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geochemistry of nine Neoproterozoic granitoid bodies in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block (YB) has been studied in this paper. Their ages range from 876 Ma to 786 Ma based on U-Pb zircon dating. These granitoids can be divided into three groups in terms of major and trace elements. Rocks of Group I are alkaline series granites characterized by evident negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.31 to 0.41) with total REE concentrations between 274 to 122 ppm. Group III includes migmatized granites characterized by low REE concentrations (14 to 45 ppm) and positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 1.1 to 2.5). Group II comprises tonalite and diorite with REE between the above two groups (ΣREE = 105 to 212 ppm, Eu/Eu* = 0.73 to 0.79). Granitoids of Group II and III belong to calc-alkaline series and I-type, which were formed during the Jinning Orogeny before 820 Ma related to subduction or collision between the Yangtze Block and oceanic Qinghai-Yunnan-Tibet Plate. The Group I granites were formed after 805 Ma in the late stage of or post the Jinning Orogeny. The Neoproterozoic granitoids have ε_Nd(T) values ranging from −4.3 to +4.5 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ⩽ 0.705, similar to those of the Neoproterozoic granitoids in the other margins of the YB, but different from those of coeval granitoids within the YB which have ε_Nd(T) of −8.1 to −14.2 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.705 to 0.708. The difference in geochemistry of the three groups was due to difference in their sources. The Neoproterozoic granitoids of this study were formed by magmas probably derived from sources with different proportions of juvenile crust and Meso- to Paleo-Proterozoic crust. The granites of Group III were derived probably from the lower crust. The crust sources for Group I granitoids probably contain less amounts of juvenile crust component and have higher maturity when compared with those for Group II.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 9","pages":"Pages 805-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00129-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76307582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IGS ultra rapid products for (near-) real-time applications","authors":"T.A. Springer,&nbsp;U. Hugentobler","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00111-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00111-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since GPS week 1052, 5 March 2000, the IGS is producing a new combined orbit called the IGS Ultra rapid product, IGU. The combined IGS Ultra rapid products are being made available twice every day, at 3:00 and 15:00 UTC, with a delay of 3 hours after the end of the included data interval, and are based on solutions from up to seven different IGS Analysis Centers. The main reason for the generation of the Ultra rapid products are the requirements, in both timeliness and accuracy, for near-real-time atmospheric monitoring, e.g., weather predictions. Each ultra rapid orbit file covers 48 hours. The first 24 hours of the orbit are based on actual GPS observations (real orbit), the second 24 hours are extrapolated (predicted orbit). Like the IGS Predicted (IGP) orbits, the Ultra rapid orbits are available for real-time usage. However, the quality of the Ultra rapid orbits should be significantly better because the average age of the predictions is reduced from 36 hours (IGP) to 9 hours (IGU). At the 2000 IGS Analysis Center workshop, held at the USNO in Washington, D.C., it was decided that the IGU products were of sufficient quality to replace the IGP products. This change took effect on November 5 with the start of GPS week 1087.</p><p>We will demonstrate that the accuracy of the IGS Ultra rapid orbits is at the 30 cm level, in a weighted RMS sense, which is significantly better than the 70 cm accuracy of the IGS Predicted orbits. We will also demonstrate that with this orbit quality it is possible to derive tropospheric zenith path delay estimates with a precision of 7 mm, which corresponds to approximately 1 mm precipitable water vapor. This level of precision is only achieved when “bad” satellite predictions are (automatically) detected and handled.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 623-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00111-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91541380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products","authors":"P. Héroux,&nbsp;J. Kouba","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00103-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00103-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The International GPS Service (IGS) has provided GPS orbit products to the scientific community with increased precision and timeliness. Many users interested in geodetic positioning have adopted the IGS precise orbits to achieve cm-level accuracy and ensure long-term reference frame stability. Currently, a differential positioning approach that requires the combination of observations from a minimum of two GPS receivers, with at least one occupying a station with known coordinates is commonly used. The user position can then be estimated relative to one or multiple reference stations using carrier phase observations and a baseline or network estimation approach. Double-differencing observations is a popular way to cancel out common GPS satellite and receiver clock errors. Baseline or network processing is effective in connecting the user position to the coordinates of the reference stations while the precise orbit virtually eliminates the errors introduced by the GPS space segment. This mode of processing has proven to be very effective and has received widespread acceptance. One drawback is that it requires that simultaneous observations be made at reference stations, with the practical constraint that involves. The following details a post-processing approach that uses un-differenced dual-frequency pseudorange and carrier phase observations along with IGS precise orbit products, for stand-alone precise geodetic point positioning (static or kinematic) with cm precision. This is possible if one takes advantage of the satellite clock estimates that are available with the satellite coordinates in the IGS precise orbit products and models systematic effects that cause cm-variations in the satellite to user range. This paper will describe the approach, summarize the adjustment procedure and specify the earth and space based models that must be implemented to achieve cm-level positioning in static mode. Furthermore, station tropospheric zenith path delays with cm-precision and GPS receiver clock estimates precise to 100 picoseconds are also obtained using this approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 573-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00103-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81430286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of sediment cores from Chalkidiki, Greece","authors":"E. Aidona ,&nbsp;D. Kondopoulou ,&nbsp;A. Georgakopoulos","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00136-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00136-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 11","pages":"879-884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00136-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72282401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new scheme of terrestrial paleoclimate evolution during the last 1.5 Ma in the western Black sea region: integration of soil studies and loess magmatism","authors":"A. Tsatskin ,&nbsp;F. Heller ,&nbsp;T.S. Gendler ,&nbsp;E.I. Virina ,&nbsp;S. Spassov ,&nbsp;J. Du Pasquier ,&nbsp;J. Hus ,&nbsp;E.A. Hailwood ,&nbsp;V.I. Bagin ,&nbsp;S.S. Faustov","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00141-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00141-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101024,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy","volume":"26 11","pages":"911-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00141-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72282218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}